ZK-93426

ZK-93426
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name Ethyl 4-methyl-5-[(propan-2-yl)oxy]-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate
	Other names ZK-93426; Ethyl 5-isopropoxy-4-methyl-9H-β-carboline-3-carboxylate
Identifiers
CAS Number	89592-45-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1271047 ;
ChemSpider	103086 ;
IUPHAR/BPS	4347;
PubChem CID	115210;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID401008889 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H20N2O3/c1-5-22-18(21)17-11(4)15-13(9-19-17)20-12-7-6-8-14(16(12)15)23-10(2)3/h6-10,20H,5H2,1-4H3 Key: VMDUABMKBUKKPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C18H20N2O3/c1-5-22-18(21)17-11(4)15-13(9-19-17)20-12-7-6-8-14(16(12)15)23-10(2)3/h6-10,20H,5H2,1-4H3 Key: VMDUABMKBUKKPG-UHFFFAOYAG;
	SMILES CCOC(=O)C1=NC=C2C(=C1C)C3=C(N2)C=CC=C3OC(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C18H20N2O3
Molar mass	314.336 g/mol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

ZK-93426 (ethyl-5-isopropoxy-4-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate) is a drug from the beta-carboline family. It acts as a weak partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors,^[1] meaning that it causes the opposite effects to the benzodiazepine class of drugs and has anxiogenic properties,^[2] although unlike most benzodiazepine antagonists it is not a convulsant and actually has weak anticonvulsant effects.^[3] In human tests it produced alertness, restlessness and feelings of apprehension^{[clarification needed]}, and reversed the effect of the benzodiazepine lormetazepam.^[4]^[5] It was also shown to produce nootropic effects^[6]^[7] and increased release of acetylcholine.^[8]^[9]

References

^ Camerman, A; Mastropaolo, D; Hempel, A; Camerman, N (2005). "Ethyl 5-isopropoxy-4-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structural determinants of benzodiazepine-receptor antagonism". Acta Crystallographica C. 61 (Pt 4): o265–6. Bibcode:2005AcCrC..61O.265C. doi:10.1107/S0108270105005457. PMID 15805647.
^ File, SE; Pellow, S; Jensen, LH (1986). "Actions of the beta-carboline ZK 93426 in an animal test of anxiety and the holeboard: interactions with Ro 15-1788". Journal of Neural Transmission. 65 (2): 103–14. doi:10.1007/BF01256486. PMID 3009709. S2CID 7230560.
^ Jensen, LH; Petersen, EN; Braestrup, C; Honoré, T; Kehr, W; Stephens, DN; Schneider, H; Seidelmann, D; Schmiechen, R (1984). "Evaluation of the beta-carboline ZK 93 426 as a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist". Psychopharmacology. 83 (3): 249–56. doi:10.1007/BF00464789. PMID 6089247. S2CID 37990146.
^ Dorow, R; Duka, T; Höller, L; Sauerbrey, N (1987). "Clinical perspectives of beta-carbolines from first studies in humans". Brain Research Bulletin. 19 (3): 319–26. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(87)90100-6. PMID 2890423. S2CID 54287050.
^ Duka, T; Goerke, D; Dorow, R; Höller, L; Fichte, K (1988). "Human studies on the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK 93 426: antagonism of lormetazepam's psychotropic effects". Psychopharmacology. 95 (4): 463–71. doi:10.1007/bf00172956. PMID 2905500. S2CID 25383323.
^ Duka, T; Edelmann, V; Schütt, B; Dorow, R (1988). "β-Carbolines as Tools in Memory Research: Human Data with the β-Carboline ZK 93426". Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands, Memory and Information Processing. Vol. 6. pp. 246–60. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73288-1_18. ISBN 978-3-642-73290-4. PMID 3064085. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
^ Duka, T; Ott, H; Rohloff, A; Voet, B (1996). "The effects of a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK-93426 on scopolamine-induced impairment on attention, memory and psychomotor skills". Psychopharmacology. 123 (4): 361–73. doi:10.1007/BF02246647. PMID 8867876. S2CID 36950692.
^ Moore, H; Sarter, M; Bruno, JP (1992). "Age-dependent modulation of in vivo cortical acetylcholine release by benzodiazepine receptor ligands". Brain Research. 596 (1–2): 17–29. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91527-L. PMID 1334777. S2CID 39356368.
^ Moore, H; Sarter, M; Bruno, JP (1993). "Bidirectional modulation of stimulated cortical acetylcholine release by benzodiazepine receptor ligands". Brain Research. 627 (2): 267–74. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90330-P. PMID 8298971. S2CID 29549067.

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[1] Camerman, A; Mastropaolo, D; Hempel, A; Camerman, N (2005). "Ethyl 5-isopropoxy-4-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structural determinants of benzodiazepine-receptor antagonism". Acta Crystallographica C. 61 (Pt 4): o265–6. Bibcode:2005AcCrC..61O.265C. doi:10.1107/S0108270105005457. PMID 15805647.

[2] File, SE; Pellow, S; Jensen, LH (1986). "Actions of the beta-carboline ZK 93426 in an animal test of anxiety and the holeboard: interactions with Ro 15-1788". Journal of Neural Transmission. 65 (2): 103–14. doi:10.1007/BF01256486. PMID 3009709. S2CID 7230560.

[3] Jensen, LH; Petersen, EN; Braestrup, C; Honoré, T; Kehr, W; Stephens, DN; Schneider, H; Seidelmann, D; Schmiechen, R (1984). "Evaluation of the beta-carboline ZK 93 426 as a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist". Psychopharmacology. 83 (3): 249–56. doi:10.1007/BF00464789. PMID 6089247. S2CID 37990146.

[4] Dorow, R; Duka, T; Höller, L; Sauerbrey, N (1987). "Clinical perspectives of beta-carbolines from first studies in humans". Brain Research Bulletin. 19 (3): 319–26. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(87)90100-6. PMID 2890423. S2CID 54287050.

[5] Duka, T; Goerke, D; Dorow, R; Höller, L; Fichte, K (1988). "Human studies on the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK 93 426: antagonism of lormetazepam's psychotropic effects". Psychopharmacology. 95 (4): 463–71. doi:10.1007/bf00172956. PMID 2905500. S2CID 25383323.

[6] Duka, T; Edelmann, V; Schütt, B; Dorow, R (1988). "β-Carbolines as Tools in Memory Research: Human Data with the β-Carboline ZK 93426". Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands, Memory and Information Processing. Vol. 6. pp. 246–60. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73288-1_18. ISBN 978-3-642-73290-4. PMID 3064085. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[7] Duka, T; Ott, H; Rohloff, A; Voet, B (1996). "The effects of a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist beta-carboline ZK-93426 on scopolamine-induced impairment on attention, memory and psychomotor skills". Psychopharmacology. 123 (4): 361–73. doi:10.1007/BF02246647. PMID 8867876. S2CID 36950692.

[8] Moore, H; Sarter, M; Bruno, JP (1992). "Age-dependent modulation of in vivo cortical acetylcholine release by benzodiazepine receptor ligands". Brain Research. 596 (1–2): 17–29. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)91527-L. PMID 1334777. S2CID 39356368.

[9] Moore, H; Sarter, M; Bruno, JP (1993). "Bidirectional modulation of stimulated cortical acetylcholine release by benzodiazepine receptor ligands". Brain Research. 627 (2): 267–74. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90330-P. PMID 8298971. S2CID 29549067.

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See also

References