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Valve Index

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Valve Index
DeveloperValve
ManufacturerValve
TypeVirtual reality headset
GenerationSecond
Release dateJune 28, 2019
Availability2019
Introductory priceUS$999[1][2]
Operating systemWindows, Linux
DisplayTwo 1440×1600 LCD displays with full RGB per pixel, supporting refresh rates of 80 Hz, 90 Hz, 120 Hz, or 144 Hz.[3]
SoundIntegrated headphones, 3.5mm audio jack, built-in dual microphone array[3]
Controller inputValve Index Controllers
CameraFront-facing 960×960 stereo cameras[3]
ConnectivityDisplayPort 1.2, USB 3.0 expansion port[3]
Backward
compatibility		Supports HTC Vive and Vive Pro Controllers and HTC Vive and Vive Pro Base Stations[4]
RelatedHTC Vive, HP Reverb G2[5]
Websitewww.valvesoftware.com/index

The Valve Index is a consumer virtual reality headset created and manufactured by Valve. Announced on April 30, 2019, the headset was released on June 28 of the same year.[6][7] The Index is a second-generation headset and the first to be fully manufactured by Valve. Half-Life: Alyx is bundled with the headset.

Technical specifications

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Display

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The headset features dual 1440 x 1600 LCDs with full RGB per pixel and ultra-low persistence global backlight illumination (0.330 ms at 144 Hz). It includes dual-element canted Fresnel lenses and provides a combined resolution of 2880 x 1600. The panels are full RGB and support refresh rates of 80, 90, 120, or 144 Hz.[3] The estimated field of view is 108°. The panels and lenses can be adjusted horizontally to change the user's inter-pupillary distance (IPD) using a physical slider beneath the displays, with an IPD adjustment range of 58 to 70 mm.

Tracking

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The headset and controllers both use lighthouse tracking systems, while retaining full compatibility with all previous HTC Vive base stations,[8] using SteamVR.

The Valve Index utilizes Valve’s Lighthouse 2.0 tracking system, which involves external base stations to establish a 3D tracking environment. These base stations are small, rectangular units placed around the room that emit non-visible infrared light and laser patterns. The headset and controllers, equipped with sensors, detect these signals to determine their position and orientation.

Each base station includes two rapidly spinning laser emitters that project a sweeping pattern of lasers across the room. Unlike the Lighthouse 1.0, which used an infrared Sync Blinker for synchronization, Lighthouse 2.0 employs a more refined synchronization mechanism integrated into the laser system itself. The sensors on the headset and controllers detect the laser beams to determine their exact positions relative to the base stations. Typically, two base stations are used to ensure comprehensive coverage and minimize occlusion,[9] though additional base stations can be added to extend the tracking range.[9]

Although the Valve Index uses external base stations, the tracking system is considered inside-out[10] because the tracking sensors are mounted on the tracked devices themselves—the headset and controllers. These sensors process the tracking information internally, which differentiates it from traditional outside-in[11] systems that use fixed cameras or sensors to monitor the tracked objects from outside.

In addition to the base stations, the Index’s headset and controllers feature Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) that provide rapid updates on movement and orientation. The IMUs track motion at several hundred Hz, but are prone to drift. The Lighthouse system compensates for this drift by using the base stations’ lasers to provide a precise positional reference, integrating this data with the IMU information to maintain accurate tracking even during fast movements.

This combination of external base stations and internal sensors on the tracked devices ensures the Valve Index provides accurate and responsive tracking performance.

Controls

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The headset is intended to be used with the Valve Index Controllers—formerly known as the Knuckles Controllers[12]—but is also backward compatible with the HTC Vive and HTC Vive Pro controllers.[4] The Valve Index Controllers feature a thumbstick, touchpad, two face buttons, a menu button, a trigger, and an array of 87 sensors that track hand position, finger position, motion, and pressure to create an accurate representation of the user's hand in VR.[13] Additionally, the controllers include an accelerometer for further measurements. In 2018, a tech demo called Moondust showcased the capabilities of an early version of the Knuckles.[14]

Audio

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The Index includes "a pair of ultra near-field, full-range, off-ear (extra-aural) headphones",[15] which use Balanced Mode Radiator (BMR) drivers to produce accurate and low-frequency sounds. The headset also has a built-in microphone.

History

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Development

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A senior U.S. Air Force member using Valve Index headset

The Valve Index is Valve's first virtual reality headset developed and manufactured in house, and was developed as the primary hardware for Valve's upcoming virtual reality games, starting with the launch of Half-Life: Alyx. Development on a completely first party headset started sometime around 2015 according to interviews with staff, before the release of their Vive headset with HTC. In February 2021, Valve registered patents for a new VR headset, describing the improvements over the previous model.[16]

Release

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It sold an estimated 149,000 sets in 2019, 103,000 of which were in the fourth quarter due to the announcement of Half-Life: Alyx, which buyers received for free.[17] The sudden demand caused the unit to be sold out in all 31 countries except Japan in January 2020.[18] As of December 2019, 6.67% of the VR units connected to Steam are Valve Index sets.[19] While Valve had anticipated supply for many of those that had ordered the Index in time for the March 2020 release of Half-Life: Alyx, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted production of the Index which left Valve with a reduced number of units available on the release date.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Tucker, Jake (April 30, 2019). "Valve Index Headset: Price, release date, specs for Valve's new VR headset". Trusted Reviews. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  2. ^ Hollister, Sean (April 30, 2019). "Valve's Index VR headset will officially cost $999, and here's what it's all about". The Verge. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Headset – Valve Index – Upgrade your experience". Valvesoftware.com. Valve. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
  4. ^ a b "Valve Index Headset on Steam". Steam Store. Valve. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
  5. ^ Robertson, Adi (March 23, 2020). "HP is teasing a new VR headset in partnership with Valve and Microsoft". The Verge. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  6. ^ Machkovech, Sam (April 30, 2019). "Valve Index reveal: The best of VR's first generation—but is it worth $999?". ArsTechnica. Conde Nast. Retrieved May 9, 2019.
  7. ^ Higham, Michael. "Valve Index Impressions – A Necessary But Incremental Step For PC VR". GameSpot. Retrieved June 9, 2019.
  8. ^ "Do HTC Vive lighthouse base stations work with the Valve Index headset?". Windows Central. September 4, 2019. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Base Stations – Valve Index – Upgrade your experience". Valvesoftware.com. Valve. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  10. ^ "Inside-out tracking". xinreality.com. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  11. ^ "Outside-out tracking". xinreality.com. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  12. ^ Lang, Ben (April 1, 2019). "Valve Index and Knuckles Pre-orders Confirmed for May 1st, Shipping in June". Road to VR. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  13. ^ "Controllers – Valve Index – Upgrade your experience". Valvesoftware.com. Valve. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  14. ^ Dayus, Oscar (June 22, 2018). "Valve Releases New Portal VR Demo, Moondust". Gamespot. Oscar Dayus. Retrieved April 23, 2023.
  15. ^ Ridgway, Emily. "Ear Speakers - Research, Design, and Evolution". Valve Corporation. Valve Software. Retrieved April 19, 2021. a pair of ultra near-field, full range, off-ear (extra-aural) headphones
  16. ^ "A Successor To Valve Index VR Headset Could Be In The Works". eXputer.com. August 13, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2021.
  17. ^ "SuperData XR Quarterly Update". SuperData, a Nielsen Company. Archived from the original on March 8, 2020. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
  18. ^ "Valve Index out of stock around the globe ahead of Half-Life: Alyx launch". GamesIndustry.biz. January 15, 2020.
  19. ^ Lang, Ben (January 29, 2020). "Analysis: Monthly-connected VR Headsets on Steam Reach Record High of 1.3 Million".
  20. ^ Nunneley, Stephany (February 21, 2020). "Coronavirus has affected the production schedule for Valve Index, fewer units to be made available". VG247. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
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