Taiheiyo evergreen forests
| Taiheiyo evergreen forests | |
|---|---|
 Nametoko Ravine in Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park | |
 | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Palearctic |
| Biome | temperate broadleaf and mixed forests |
| Borders | |
| Geography | |
| Area | 135,819 km2 (52,440 sq mi) |
| Country | Japan |
| Conservation | |
| Conservation status | Critical/endangered |
| Protected | 23,487 km² (17%)[1] |
The Taiheiyo evergreen forests is a temperate broadleaf forest ecoregion of Japan.
Geography
[edit]The ecoregion covers an area of 138,300 square kilometers (53,400 sq mi) on the Pacific (Taiheiyo) side of the islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It also includes Tsushima Island in the Korea Strait between Kyushu and Korea and the volcanic Izu Islands off Honshu's southern coast.[2]
The ecoregion is home to Japan's largest cities, including Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka, and Nagoya.
Climate
[edit]The ecoregion has a humid subtropical climate. The influence of the Japan Current creates a humid climate with mild winters and a long growing season, which nurtured evergreen broadleaf forests.
Flora
[edit]Laurel forests grew near the coast, and oak forests were predominant inland. At higher elevations, the Taiheiyo evergreen forests yielded to the Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests of the interior.[2]
The forests include a mix of species with origins in temperate and tropical Asia. Species with tropical origins include two species of the conifer Podocarpus, one species of the Fir Abies firma, two species of Pittosporum,Fatsia japonica, Aspidistra elatior, several species in the laurel family (Machilus, Neolitsea, and Camphora (plant)), and the Cycad Cycas revoluta. In more coastal areas, Pinus thunbergii is quite common. Trees with origins in temperate Eurasia include species of evergreen oaks and Castanopsis.[3]
Fauna
[edit]Native mammals include the Sika deer (Cervus nippon) and Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata).
Native birds include the fairy pitta (Pitta nympha) and Japanese night heron (Goraschius goisagi).
The terrestrial Odaigahara salamander (Hynobius boulengeri) is native to the ecoregion.
Conservation and threats
[edit]Most of forests have been converted to agriculture or cities. Remnant areas of forest remain around temples and shrines, on steep slopes, and in gorges. Secondary growth woodlands, called Satoyama, are found on hillsides bordering farmlands.[2]
Protected areas
[edit]17% of the ecoregion is in protected areas.[1] Protected areas include Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, Ise-Shima National Park, Yoshino-Kumano National Park, Seto Inland Sea National Park, Ashizuri-Uwakai National Park, Kirishima-Kinkowan National Park, Unzen-Amakusa National Park, Saikai National Park, and Suigō-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park (349.56 km2 (134.97 sq mi)).[4][5]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; et al. (June 2017). "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm". BioScience. 67 (6): 534–545. doi:10.1093/biosci/bix014. PMC 5451287. PMID 28608869.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) Supplemental material 2 table S1b. - ^ a b c World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Taiheiyo evergreen forests". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ Haggett, Peter (2002). Encyclopedia of World Geography (2nd ed.). Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish Co. p. 3089.
- ^ "Taiheiyo evergreen forests". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Explorer 4. Accessed 31 October 2020. [1]
- ^ UNEP-WCMC (2020). Protected Area Profile for Japan from the World Database of Protected Areas, October 2020. Available at: www.protectedplanet.net
External links
[edit]- "Taiheiyo evergreen forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund.