Sport in Oceania
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Sport in Oceania varies from country to country. The most popular playing sport for men in Australia is Australian rules football,[1] while for women is netball. Australian rules football is the most popular sport in terms of spectatorship and television ratings.[2][3][4] Rugby union is the most popular sport among New Zealanders,[5] while in Papua New Guinea rugby league is the most popular.[6] Cricket is another popular sport throughout the Oceania region.[7]
Multi-sport games
[edit]Australia has hosted two Summer Olympics: Melbourne 1956 and Sydney 2000. Also, Australia has hosted five editions of the Commonwealth Games (Sydney 1938, Perth 1962, Brisbane 1982, Melbourne 2006), and (Gold Coast 2018). Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990.
The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. It is held every four years and began in 1963. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015.[8]
Association football
[edit]
Association football is a popular sport in Oceania in terms of participation. The Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) is one of six association football confederations[9] under the auspices of FIFA, the international governing body of the sport. The OFC is the only confederation without an automatic qualification to the World Cup. Currently the winner of the OFC qualification tournament must play-off against a team from either Asia, North America, or South America to qualify for the World Cup.[10][11]
Currently, Vanuatu is the only country in Oceania to call football its national sport. However, it is the most popular sport in Kiribati[citation needed], the Solomon Islands[citation needed] and Tuvalu,[12] and has a significant (and growing) popularity in New Zealand. Oceania has been represented at four World Cup finals tournaments — Australia in 1974 and 2006 and New Zealand in 1982 and 2010. In 2006, Australia joined the Asian Football Confederation and qualified for the 2010 and 2014 World Cups as an Asian entrant. New Zealand qualified through the Oceania Confederation, winning its playoff against Bahrain. This made 2010 the first time that two countries from (geographic) Oceania had qualified at the same time, albeit through different confederations.
The Oceania Football Confederation was founded in 1966. It organises the FIFA World Cup qualifier, the OFC Nations Cup for national teams and the OFC Champions League for clubs. The Football Federation Australia left the OFC in 2006 to join Asian Football Confederation.
The most successful Oceanian countries in international men's competitions have been Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, American Samoa, Samoa, Cook Islands and Tonga. In women's football, Oceanian team have been dominant, especially Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, New Caledonia, Cook Islands, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Tahiti and American Samoa.
Football has been regularly included in the Pacific Games, the multi-sports event for Pacific nations, territories and dependencies, since 1963. Until 2011 the competition was known as the South Pacific Games.[13] Since 1971 the men's tournament has been held every four years, but was not played in 1999 due to contractual issues.
In 2007, the men's competition doubled as the Oceania Football Confederation's preliminary qualifying competition for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[14] The men's tournament also became the Olympic qualifier for Oceania for the 2015 edition.
The women's tournament was introduced in 2003, and has doubled up as the preliminary qualifying competition for the Olympic Games since 2007. Football was a compulsory inclusion at the Pacific Games for men's teams for many years but was made a core sport for both men's and women's teams in 2017.[15]
Football has also been held at several editions of the Pacific Mini Games, starting with the first tournament in 1981.[16]
The top three most popular football clubs from Oceania as of March 2023:[17]
| # | Football club | Country | Fans |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sydney FC | Australia | 693,000 |
| 2 | Brisbane Roar | Australia | 595,000 |
| 3 | Melbourne Victory | Australia | 590,000 |
Australian rules football
[edit]Australian rules football is most popular in Australia [18] and is the most popular football code in Australia in terms of attendance.[19] It has a large following in Papua New Guinea.[20] It is the national sport of Nauru.[21]
Basketball
[edit]Basketball is notably popular in Australia and New Zealand, in terms of their national leagues and teams, participation, as well as the NBA. Australia has its own basketball league called the NBL (National Basketball League) which New Zealand competes in as well. The Australian national team (sometimes referred to as the Boomers) as of 2016 was ranked 4th in the 2016 Summer Olympics, and New Zealand (also known as the Tall Blacks) are ranked 29th according to FIBA. It is the 4th most popular sport in terms of participation in New Zealand and is the 3rd most popular in Australia. Australia has had a lot of NBA players, such as Andrew Bogut, Ben Simmons, Matthew Dellavedova, and Patty Mills. New Zealand has also helped to create some NBA players as well, such as Kirk Penney, Steven Adams, and Sean Marks.
Cricket
[edit]Cricket is one of the most prominent sports in Oceania.[22] Australia had ruled International cricket as the number one team for more than a decade, and have won six Cricket World Cups and have been runner-up for two times, making them the most successful cricket team. New Zealand is also considered a strong competitor in the sport, with the New Zealand cricket team, also called the Black Caps, enjoying success in many competitions. Both Australia and New Zealand are Full members of the ICC.
Fiji, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea are some of the Associate/Affiliate members of the ICC in Oceania that are governed by ICC East Asia-Pacific. Backyard cricket and Beach cricket, which are simplified variants of cricket played at home or on a sand beach, are also popular recreational sports in Australia. Forms of cricket that have been adapted to local cultures are played in Oceania, such as Trobriand cricket in the Trobriand Islands and Kilikiti in Samoa, Tuvalu and in other Pacific Islands.
Cricket is culturally a significant sport for summer in Oceania. The Boxing Day Test is very popular in Australia, conducted every year on 26 December at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne.
Rugby League
[edit]
Rugby league is the national sport of Papua New Guinea[23] (the second-most populous country in Oceania after Australia) and is very popular in Australia.[24] It attracts significant attention across New Zealand and the Pacific Islands.[25]
Australia and New Zealand are two of the most successful sides in the world.[26] Australia has won the Rugby League World Cup a record eleven times while New Zealand won their first World Cup in 2008. Australia hosted the second tournament in 1957. Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted it in 1968 and 1977. New Zealand hosted the final for the first time in 1985–1988 tournament and Australia hosted the tournament again in 2008. In 2017 the tournament was jointly host by Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.
The Fiji national rugby league team, nicknamed the Bati (pronounced [mˈbatʃi]), represents Fiji in the sport of rugby league football and has been participating in international competition since 1992. It has competed in the Rugby League World Cup on three occasions, with their best results coming when they made consecutive semi-final appearances in the 2008 Rugby League World Cup and 2013 Rugby League World Cup. The team also competes in the Pacific Cup.
Tournaments
[edit]- National Rugby League
- New South Wales Rugby League premiership
- State of Origin series
- Anzac Test
- Rugby League Tri-Nations
- Rugby League Four Nations
- Pacific Rugby League International
- Pacific Cup
Rugby Union
[edit]
Rugby union is the region's most popular sport,[27] and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. Fiji's sevens team is one of the most successful in the world, as is New Zealand's. The Fiji national sevens side is a popular and successful international rugby sevens team, and has won the Hong Kong Sevens a record fifteen times since its inception in 1976.[28]
New Zealand has won the Rugby World Cup a record three times, and were the first nation to win back to back World Cups. New Zealand won the inaugural Rugby World Cup in 1987 which was hosted by Australia and New Zealand. Australia hosted it in 2003 and New Zealand was the host and won it in 2011. New Zealand also won in 2015, defeating Australia in the final. The Super Rugby features five teams from each of Australia and New Zealand.
Rugby union is the national sport of Tonga,[29] and the national team (ʻIkale Tahi, or Sea Eagles) has performed quite well on the international stage. Tonga has competed in six Rugby World Cups since 1987. The 2007 and 2011 Rugby World Cups were Tonga's most successful to date, both winning two out of four matches and in a running chance for the quarter-finals.
Tournaments
[edit]- Oceania Rugby
- The Rugby Championship
- World Rugby Pacific Nations Cup
- Oceania Rugby Cup
- Oceania Sevens
- Super Rugby
- Mitre 10 Cup
- National Rugby Championship
Largest stadiums in Oceania outside Australia and New Zealand
[edit]
| Rank | Stadium | Capacity | City | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sir Hubert Murray Stadium | 25,000 | Port Moresby | Papua New Guinea |
| 2 | Sir John Guise Stadium | 15,000 | Port Moresby | Papua New Guinea |
| 3 | HFC Bank Stadium | 15,000 | Suva | Fiji |
| 4 | PNG Football Stadium | 14,800 | Port Moresby | Papua New Guinea |
| 5 | Lawaqa Park | 12,000 | Sigatoka | Fiji |
| 6 | Apia Park | 12,000 | Apia | Samoa |
| 7 | Churchill Park | 10,000 | Lautoka | Fiji |
| 8 | Subrail Park | 10,000 | Labasa | Fiji |
| 9 | Stade Hamuta | 10,000 | Papeete | French Polynesia |
| 10 | Stade Numa-Daly Magenta | 10,000 | Noumea | New Caledonia |
| 11 | Pacific Games Stadium | 10,000 | Honiara | Solomon Islands |
| 12 | Teufaiva Sport Stadium | 10,000 | Nuku'alofa | Tonga |
See also
[edit]
- Culture of Oceania
- Sport in Africa
- Sport in Asia
- Sport in Europe
- Sport in North America
- Sport in South America
References
[edit]- ^ "What are the 5 most popular sports in Australia?". 6 November 2020.
- ^ Australia - Page 54, Tracey Boraas - 2002
- ^ Planet Sport - Page 85, Kath Woodward - 2012
- ^ Australia - Page 101, Sundran Rajendra - 2002
- ^ New Zealand - Page 76, Rebecca Hirsch - 2013
- ^ "PNG vow to upset World Cup odds". Rugby League. BBC. 2008-10-15. Archived from the original on 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2009-07-03.
But it would still be one of the biggest shocks in World Cup history if Papua New Guinea - the only country to have Rugby League as its national Sport - were to qualify for the last 4.
- ^ "Oceania". Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: 233–234. 2016. doi:10.5040/9781501329173.0014. ISBN 9781501329173.
- ^ "Australia and New Zealand to compete in Pacific Games". ABC News. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 April 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
- ^ "FIFA confederations". Fifa.com. Archived from the original on 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "FIFA world cup 2010 – Oceania preliminary competition" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 3, 2008. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
- ^ "FIFA world cup 2010 – qualifying rounds and places available by confederation". Fifa.com. 2009-04-03. Archived from the original on 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ Squires, Nick (20 March 2006). "South Seas war club cricketers take a beating from football" Archived 2021-09-09 at the Wayback Machine – The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
- ^ "Pacific Games". RSSSF.
- ^ "OFC 2010 FIFA World Cup route via Asia". Oceania Football Confederation. 7 December 2006. Archived from the original on 28 April 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2006.
- ^ Charter - Constitution, Code of Conduct, Protocols, and Regulations adopted Apia, Samoa 14 May 2006 - As amended most recently in Port Vila, Vanuatu, 10 December 2017 (PDF 0.3 MB) (Report). Pacific Games Council. 2018. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
- ^ "(South) Pacific Games and Mini Games". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
- ^ "Sydney FC is the most widely supported A-League club ahead of the Brisbane Roar and Melbourne Victory - Roy Morgan Research".
- ^ "Australian Rules Football is the Most Popular". 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Australian rules football (sport) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "PNG Footy at a Crossroads? - World Footy News".
- ^ "Sport in Nauru".
- ^ Nalapat, Abilash; Parker, Andrew (December 2005). "Sport, Celebrity and Popular Culture". International Review for the Sociology of Sport. 40 (4): 433–446. doi:10.1177/1012690205065750. ISSN 1012-6902. S2CID 143036248.
- ^ "MSN Groups Closure Notice". Groups.msn.com. 2008-10-23. Archived from the original on April 17, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Football in Australia – Australia's Culture Portal". Cultureandrecreation.gov.au. 2008-03-28. Archived from the original on 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Rugby League Football – 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand". Teara.govt.nz. 1908-06-13. Archived from the original on 2009-05-23. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ Wilson, Andy (2009-11-05). "southern hemisphere sides are a class apart". London: guardian.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-12-27. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ "Oceania Rugby Vacations". Real Travel. Archived from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Hong Kong Sevens – Past Champions". hksevens.com. Archived from the original on 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
- ^ "Tonga Sport". Virtual Oceania. 26 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2017.