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Sand to Snow National Monument

Coordinates: 34°05′N 116°41′W / 34.08°N 116.68°W / 34.08; -116.68
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Sand to Snow National Monument
Map showing the location of Sand to Snow National Monument
Map showing the location of Sand to Snow National Monument
Map showing the location of Sand to Snow National Monument
Map showing the location of Sand to Snow National Monument
LocationSan Bernardino County, California, US
Coordinates34°05′N 116°41′W / 34.08°N 116.68°W / 34.08; -116.68
Area154,000 acres (62,000 ha)
AuthorizedFebruary 12, 2016 (2016-02-12)
Governing bodyBureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service
Website[1]

Sand to Snow National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located in San Bernardino County and northern Riverside County, Southern California.

It protects diverse montane and desert habitats of the San Bernardino Mountains, southern Mojave Desert, and northwestern Colorado Desert.[1]

Geography

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The national monument protects a total of 154,000 acres (62,000 ha), with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) managing 83,000 acres (34,000 ha) acres, and the USFS−San Bernardino National Forest managing 71,000 acres (29,000 ha).[2][3][4] It extends from around 1,000 feet (300 m) on the Coachella Valley desert floor up to over 11,000 feet (3,400 m) in the San Bernardino Mountains.

Over 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of the national monument are within the San Gorgonio Wilderness area, which was designated by Congress in 1964.[2][3] An eastern border in the Little San Bernardino Mountains abuts Joshua Tree National Park. A separate section expands the Bighorn Mountain Wilderness area to the northeast.

Thirty miles (48 km) of the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail pass through the monument.[3] The headwaters of the Santa Ana River, Whitewater River, Morongo Creek, and San Gorgonio River are within it. The park protects a significant wildlife corridor and landscape linkage between the San Bernardino National Forest/San Gorgonio Wilderness area, Joshua Tree National Park, and Bighorn Mountain Wilderness area.[5]

Ecology

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Diverse plant communities in the park support flora of the higher Mojave and lower Sonoran Colorado Deserts, chaparral, California oak woodland, coniferous forest, and alpine ecosystems, making it the most botanically rich national monument in the United States.[5]

Plant life native to the San Bernardino Mountains is influenced by their location at the convergence of three distinct ecosystems: California chaparral and woodlands to the west, Mojave Desert to the east, and Sonoran Desert to the south. There are over 1,600 different plant species native to the range.[5][6]

Sand dunes are home to the endangered fringe-toed lizard at the lower elevation confluence of the Whitewater and San Gorgonio Rivers, while Desert bighorn sheep are found at higher elevations.[5][7]

Designation

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Sand to Snow National Monument was designated by President Obama on February 12, 2016 along with Castle Mountains National Monument and Mojave Trails National Monument.[2][8][9] It is governed by the United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management.

The Sand to Snow National Monument was inspired by The Wildlands Conservancy’s twenty-year-old Sand to Snow Wilderness Interface Project that included more than 60,000 acres (24,000 ha) of privately-funded land acquisition, including private properties threatened with development.[5] The Conservancy established Whitewater Preserve,[10] Mission Creek Preserve,[11] and Pioneertown Mountains Preserve.[12] The Big Morongo Canyon Preserve was protected as a wildlife reserve in 1982, and later included in the monument, forming thus its most developed area. The aggregate set of preserved lands extends recreational opportunities in the Coachella Valley region.[13]

Climate

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Climate data for Raywood Flat, California (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 43.5
(6.4) 		42.8
(6.0) 		46.6
(8.1) 		52.0
(11.1) 		59.8
(15.4) 		69.8
(21.0) 		74.9
(23.8) 		74.1
(23.4) 		69.0
(20.6) 		60.1
(15.6) 		50.1
(10.1) 		43.4
(6.3) 		57.2
(14.0)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 22.8
(−5.1) 		22.4
(−5.3) 		24.6
(−4.1) 		27.0
(−2.8) 		33.4
(0.8) 		41.5
(5.3) 		48.2
(9.0) 		48.3
(9.1) 		42.9
(6.1) 		35.2
(1.8) 		28.5
(−1.9) 		22.9
(−5.1) 		33.1
(0.7)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.86
(123) 		7.44
(189) 		5.39
(137) 		3.20
(81) 		1.09
(28) 		0.16
(4.1) 		0.61
(15) 		1.03
(26) 		0.63
(16) 		1.69
(43) 		2.30
(58) 		6.61
(168) 		35.01
(888.1)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 27.7
(70) 		23.7
(60) 		23.8
(60) 		8.4
(21) 		4.9
(12) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		3.1
(7.9) 		9.8
(25) 		23.6
(60) 		125
(315.9)
Source: WRCC[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ BLM California: Map of Sand to Snow National Monument, with both BLM & USFS sections.
  2. ^ a b c Whitehouse.gov: Presidential Proclamation − Establishment of the Sand to Snow National Monument, 12 February 2016 – "The USFS shall manage that portion of the monument within the boundaries of the San Bernardino National Forest, and BLM shall manage the remainder of the monument."
  3. ^ a b c "BLM California: Sand to Snow National Monument". 1 March 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  4. ^ USDA Forest Service: Sand to Snow National Monument webpage.
  5. ^ a b c d e The Wildlands Conservancy: Sand to Snow National Monument
  6. ^ The Wildlands Conservancy: Whitewater Preserve Plant List, flora of Whitewater River Canyon, San Bernardino Mountains.
  7. ^ Makinen, Julie (August 16, 2021). "Mojave Desert Land Trust acquires 43 acres near Hwy 62, hopes to build wildlife crossing". The Desert Sun. Retrieved 2021-08-17.
  8. ^ Sahagun, Louis (February 11, 2016). "Obama creates 3 new national monuments to protect 1.8 million acres of California desert". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
  9. ^ Eilperin, Juliet. "With 3 new monuments, Obama creates world's second-largest desert preserve". The Washington Post. No. February 12, 2016. Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  10. ^ Wildlands Conservancy.org: Whitewater Preserve
  11. ^ Wildlands Conservancy.org: Mission Creek Preserve
  12. ^ Wildlands Conservancy.org: Pioneertown Mountains Preserve
  13. ^ Murphy, Bernadette (September 1, 2016). "Monumental Achievement: One of the West's great natural wonders — the Sand to Snow National Monument — has finallly been given the recognition and protection it deserves …and it's in the Coachella Valley's backyard". Palm Springs Life.
  14. ^ Climate in Raywood Flats, California(Wrcc) https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca7279
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