Pisaflores Tepehua

Pisaflores Tepehua
Pisaflores Tepehua
North Tepehua
Native to	Mexico
Region	Veracruz
Native speakers	2,500 (2000)
Language family	Totonacan Tepehua Pisaflores Tepehua; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tpp
Glottolog	pisa1237
ELP	Pisaflores Tepehua

Pisaflores Tepehua is a Tepehua language of Veracruz, Mexico. It is spoken in the towns of Ixhuatlán de Madero and Pisaflores.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

Pisaflores Tepehua consonants^[3]
		Labial	Alveolar		Alveo- palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
		Labial	central	lateral	Alveo- palatal	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n
Stop	pulmonic	p	t				k	ʔ
Stop	ejective	pʼ	tʼ				kʼ
Affricate	pulmonic		ts		tɕ
Affricate	ejective		tsʼ		tɕʼ
Fricative			s	ɬ	ɕ			h
Approximant		w		l		j

Vowels

Pisaflores Tepehua vowels^[3]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

Phonotactics

Pisaflores Tepehua syllable structure is summarized by MacKay and Treschel (2013) as:^[3]

C₁ (C₂) V (C₃ (C₄))

That is, Pisaflores Tepehua syllables must start with a consonant or two-consonant cluster, have one vowel sound, and may end without consonants or with a consonant or two-consonant cluster.

Phonological restrictions apply:

Onset
1. C₁ can be any consonant
2. C₂ can only exist if and only if C₁ is a fricative (/s/, /ɕ/, /ɬ/)
3. C₂ cannot be a fricative or affricate (/s/, /ɕ/, /ɬ/, /ts/, /tɕ/, /tsʼ/, /tɕʼ/)
4. If C₁ = /ɬ/, then C₂ cannot be a lateral (/ɬ/, /l/)
Nucleus
1. V can be any vowel, long or short
Coda
1. C₃ can be any consonant that is not an affricate (/ts/, /tɕ/, /tsʼ/, /tɕʼ/)
2. C₃ can be a bilabial stop (/p/, /pʼ/) in syllable-final positions, but never in word-final positions
3. C₄ can only exist if and only if C₃ = /k/ or C₃ = /ʔ/
4. C₄ can only be /s/, /ɕ/, or /ɬ/ if C₃ = /k/
5. C₄ can only be /s/ or /ɕ/ if C₃ = /ʔ/

References

^ Unidad Médica Rural de Pisaflores, cited in MacKay & Treschel (2013)
^ Pisaflores Tepehua at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
^ ^a ^b ^c MacKay, Carolyn J.; Treschel, Frank R. (April 2013). "A sketch of Pisaflores Tepehua phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 79 (2). The University of Chicago: 189–218. doi:10.1086/669628. S2CID 147059268.

External links

Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.

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[1] Unidad Médica Rural de Pisaflores, cited in MacKay & Treschel (2013)

[2] Pisaflores Tepehua at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)

[MacKay-3] MacKay, Carolyn J.; Treschel, Frank R. (April 2013). "A sketch of Pisaflores Tepehua phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 79 (2). The University of Chicago: 189–218. doi:10.1086/669628. S2CID 147059268.

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