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Island of Stability (speech)

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Jimmy Carter with Mohammed Reza Pahlavi at the Niavaran Complex in Tehran, Iran, December 1977.

"Island of Stability" is a phrase that became the namesake for a 1977 speech by American president Jimmy Carter, while he was being hosted by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi at the Niavaran Complex in the city of Tehran, Iran. It was a reflection of Iran's circumstances — regarded as a stable country and a bastion of the Western Bloc in what was otherwise an unstable Middle East under the influence of the Eastern Bloc — and the importance placed on Pahlavi's rule by the United States. Carter's speech was made one year before the Islamic Revolution, in which Pahlavi's monarchical state was overthrown and replaced by the Islamic Republic.

Place and date

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In late December 1977, Carter visited Pahlavi in Iran. At a party for New Year's Eve, held in Tehran's Niavaran Complex, he made a speech describing the American stance on Iran's place in the world order, stating: "Iran is an island of stability in one of the most troubled areas of the world";[1][2] he also described Pahlavi as a popular king among the Iranian people.[3][4]

Consequences

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After Carter's speech, Pahlavi felt encouraged to further suppress his political opponents. One week later, in January 1978, the article "Iran and Red and Black Colonization" was published in Ettela'at under a pseudonym, targeting Ruhollah Khomeini. Following the article's publication, several protests occurred in Mashhad, Qom, and Tehran. Khomeini condemned Carter and described Pahlavi as a tyrant and a traitor to the Iranian nation.[5]

Analysis of the support

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Iranian journalist Ahmad Zeidabadi claimed that Carter was aware of the regional instability spurred by sporadic protests against Pahlavi's rule in Iran, and so he made the speech for Pahlavi as a reassurance of American support.[6] Iranian academic Sadegh Zibakalam has stated that the speech was based on Carter's false impression of Iran's circumstances, and that the American government misjudged the true scope of the Islamic Revolution.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Dilip Hiro (5 September 2013). Iran Under the Ayatollahs (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. pp. Introduction. ISBN 9781135043810.
  2. ^ Manouchehr Ganji (2002). Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 42. ISBN 9780275971878.
  3. ^ Desmond Harney (1999). The Priest and the King: An Eyewitness Account of the Iranian Revolution. I.B.Tauris. p. 2. ISBN 9781860643743.
  4. ^ Mark Thiessen (2009). An Island of Stability: The Islamic Revolution of Iran and the Dutch Opinion. Sidestone Press. p. 43. ISBN 9789088900198.
  5. ^ Islamic Revolution of Iran: A Sociological Study. Alhoda UK. 2001. pp. 102–104. ISBN 9789644723070. Archived from the original on 2022-04-07. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
  6. ^ "Carter administration and Iran's revolution". BBC Persian. Archived from the original on 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2016-02-13.
  7. ^ Sadegh Zibakalam. End of mirage: An introduction of Islamic revolution. pp. 154–157.
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