Choral Synagogue (Brest)

Choral Synagogue
Choral Synagogue
	An early 20th-century image of the synagogue
Religion
Affiliation	Orthodox Judaism (former)
Ecclesiastical or organisational status	Synagogue (1862–1941)
Status	Active
Location
Location	Brest
Country	Belarus
	Location in Belarus
Geographic coordinates	52°05′27″N 23°41′41″E / 52.0908°N 23.6946°E
Architecture
Type	Synagogue architecture
Style	Octagonal
Groundbreaking	1851
Completed	1862

The Choral Synagogue or the Great Synagogue is a former Orthodox Jewish synagogue tin Brest (known in Yiddish: Brisk), Belarus. Completed in c. 1862, it was used as a synagogue until World War II, and served as the main synagogue in Brest.

History

An old synagogue had stood in Brest for nearly a century, having been built in 1759. However, in 1847, its building was either destroyed or had burned down, and funds were collected to erect a new building. The building took years to complete due to a lack of funding; despite the construction's commencement being in 1851, the structure was only completed in 1861/1862.^[1] In 1859, a fire ravaged the synagogue but it was restored. In 1941, with the creation of the Brest Ghetto during World War II, the synagogue sat on the ghetto border, next to its entrance, and was used by the Nazis as a warehouse. Although the building was damaged in 1942 during the ghetto's liquidation, it remained standing until 1959. At that time, it was confiscated by the communist government and transformed into a theatre, known today as Cinema Belarus. A plaque outside memorializes the synagogue. In addition, Hebrew inscriptions are still visible in the basement.^[2]

Rabbis

Brest was home to a flourishing Orthodox Jewish community. At the time of the original synagogue's destruction, the city's rabbi was Rabbi Yaakov Meir Padua. In fact, he personally drew up the blueprints for the new synagogue. However, he died in 1855 before the building's completion. He was succeeded by Rabbi Tzvi Hirsch Orenstein, an influential rabbi who opened a communal hospital and an old age home. However he was exiled by the authorities in1874 and succeeded by Rabbi Yehoshua Leib Diskin.^[1] Immensely popular, his yeshiva attracted prodigious Torah scholars. Rabbi Diskin was also a fierce opponent of the secular Haskalah (Jewish enlightenment) movement, and when a club of Haskalists (Hebrew: maskilim) arose in Brest under the tutelage of a man named Alexandrov, he worked to disband it. In revenge, Alexandrov libeled him to the police on false claims of theft, leading to him being arrested. While he soon managed to get out of prison, he emigrated to the British Mandate.^[3] His post in Brest was filled by his student,^[3] Rabbi Yosef Dov Soloveitchik (the Beis HaLevi). The rabbinate would remain in his family for the next two generations, passing on to his son, Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik,^[1] and then to his grandson Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik, who led the community until World War II. The latter was the founder of the famed Brisk Yeshiva in Jerusalem.^[4]