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Art competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics

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1948 London Olympic medals being minted at the works of John Pinches in Clapham

Art competitions were held as part of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain. Medals were awarded in five categories (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture), for works inspired by sport-related themes.[1]

The art exhibition was held at the Victoria and Albert Museum from 15 July to 14 August, and displayed works of art from 27 countries. The literature competition attracted 44 entries, and the music competition had 36 entries.[2]

The art competitions included multiple subcategories for each of the five artistic categories.[3] The judges declined to award any medals for dramatic works in literature, and no gold medals in another five subcategories. Alex Diggelmann of Switzerland won both a silver medal and a bronze medal for two different entries in the applied arts and crafts subcategory, a feat unlikely to be duplicated in any event in the current Olympic program.

These were the last Games in which art competitions were held, after being in the official program for all Games since 1912.[4] At a meeting of the International Olympic Committee in 1949 it was decided to hold art exhibitions instead, as it was judged illogical to permit professionals to compete in the art competitions while only amateurs were permitted to compete in sporting events.[5] Since 1952 a non-competitive art and cultural festival has been associated with each Games.

Architecture

[edit]
Category Gold Silver Bronze
Architectural design  Adolf Hoch (AUT)
"Skisprungschanze auf dem Kobenzl" 		 Alfred Rinesch (AUT)
"Watersports Centre in Carinthia" 		 Nils Olsson (SWE)
"Baths and Sporting Hall for Gothenburg"
Town planning  Yrjö Lindegren (FIN)
"The Centre of Athletics in Varkaus, Finland" 		 Werner Schindler and Edy Knupfer (SUI)
"Swiss Federal Sports and Gymnastics Training Centre" 		 Ilmari Niemeläinen (FIN)
"The Athletic Centre in Kemi, Finland"

Literature

[edit]
Category Gold Silver Bronze
Lyric works  Aale Tynni (FIN)
"Laurel of Hellas" 		 Ernst van Heerden (RSA)
"Six Poems" 		 Gilbert Prouteau (FRA)
"Rythme du Stade"
Dramatic works none awarded none awarded none awarded
Epic works  Giani Stuparich (ITA)
"La Grotta" 		 Josef Petersen (DEN)
"The Olympic Champion" 		 Éva Földes (HUN)
"The Well of Youth"

Music

[edit]
Category Gold Silver Bronze
Vocal none awarded none awarded  Gabriele Bianchi (ITA)
"Inno Olimpionico"
Instrumental and chamber none awarded  John Weinzweig (CAN)
"Divertimenti for Solo Flute and Strings" 		 Sergio Lauricella (ITA)
"Toccata per Pianoforte"
Choral and orchestral  Zbigniew Turski (POL)
"Olympic Symphony" 		 Kalervo Tuukkanen (FIN)
"Karhunpyynti" 		 Erling Brene (DEN)
"Vigeur"

Painting and graphic art

[edit]
Category Gold Silver Bronze
Oils and water colours  Alfred Thomson (GBR)
"London Amateur Championships" 		 Giovanni Stradone (ITA)
"Le Pistard" 		 Letitia Hamilton (IRL)
"Meath Hunt Point-to-Point Races"
Engravings and etchings  Albert Decaris (FRA)
"Swimming Pool" 		 John Copley (GBR)
"Polo Players" 		 Walter Battiss (RSA)
"Seaside Sport"
Applied arts and crafts none awarded  Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
"World Championship for Cycling Poster" 		 Alex Diggelmann (SUI)
"World Championship for Ice Hockey Poster"

Sculpture

[edit]
Category Gold Silver Bronze
Statues  Gustaf Nordahl (SWE)
"Homage to Ling" 		 Chintamoni Kar (GBR)
"The Stag" 		 Hubert Yencesse (FRA)
"Nageuse"
Reliefs none awarded none awarded  Rosamund Fletcher (GBR)
"The End of the Covert"
Medals and plaques none awarded  Oskar Thiede (AUT)
"Eight Sports Plaques" 		 Edwin Grienauer (AUT)
"Prize Rowing Trophy"

Medal table

[edit]

At the time, medals were awarded to these artists, but art competitions are no longer regarded as official Olympic events by the International Olympic Committee. These events do not appear in the IOC medal database,[6] and these totals are not included in the IOC's medal table for the 1948 Games.[7]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Finland (FIN)2114
2 Austria (AUT)1214
 Great Britain (GBR)1214
4 Italy (ITA)1124
5 France (FRA)1023
6 Sweden (SWE)1012
7 Poland (POL)1001
8 Switzerland (SUI)0213
9 Denmark (DEN)0112
 South Africa (RSA)0112
11 Canada (CAN)0101
12 Hungary (HUN)0011
 Ireland (IRL)0011
Totals (13 entries)8111332

Events summary

[edit]

Architecture

[edit]

Designs for Town Planning

The following architects took part:[8]

Rank Name Country
1 Yrjö Lindegren  Finland
2 Edy Knupfer, Werner Schindler  Switzerland
3 Ilmari Niemeläinen  Finland
AC Jack Néel, Pierre Vago  France

Architectural designs

The following architects took part:[9]

Rank Name Country
1 Adolf Hoch  Austria
2 Alfred Rinesch  Austria
3 Nils Olsson  Sweden
AC Dagoberto Ortensi  Italy
AC Dragan Boltar  Yugoslavia
AC Franjo Neidhardt  Yugoslavia
AC Vladimir Turina  Yugoslavia
AC František Marek  Czechoslovakia
AC Patrick Horsbrugh  Great Britain
AC Örjan Lüning  Sweden
AC Ferdinand Marani  Canada
AC Robert Morris  Canada

Further entries

The following architects took part:[10]

Rank Name Country
AC Charles Terry Pledge  Great Britain
AC Wilhelm Andreas Herdey  Austria
AC Lorle Herdey-von Savageri  Austria
AC Alexander Scott  Great Britain
AC A. Tarık Eğrilmez  Turkey
AC Renato Giovanelli  Italy
AC Dagoberto Ortensi  Italy
AC Thurston Williams  Great Britain
AC Maxwell Ayrton  Great Britain
AC Hans Janssen  Netherlands
AC Walter van der Valk  Netherlands
AC Eskil Lundahl  Sweden
AC Sture Frölén  Sweden
Rank Name Country
AC Jan Wils  Netherlands
AC Hans Asplund  Sweden
AC Berkeley Moir  Great Britain
AC Patroklos Karantinos  Greece
AC Karel Kuthan  Czechoslovakia
AC Sjoerd Joustra  Netherlands
AC Predrag Kovačević  Yugoslavia
AC Harold Kaplan  Canada
AC Abraham Sprachman  Canada
AC Vlastibor Klimeš  Czechoslovakia
AC Ferdinand Balcárek  Czechoslovakia
AC Mario Ghedina  Italy
AC Konstantinos Aslanidis  Greece
Rank Name Country
AC Guy Ardilouze  France
AC Jean Démaret  France
AC Othello Zavaroni  France
AC Carlo Di Maria  Italy
AC Alfred Ferraz  France
AC Lucien Seignol  France
AC Georges Tourry  France
AC Auguste Perret  France
AC Guy Sabrou  France
AC Siegfried Theiß  Austria
AC Hans Jaksch  Austria
AC Dermot O'Toole  Ireland

Literature

[edit]

Dramatic works

The following writers took part:[11]

Rank Name Country
AC Clotilde Luisi  Uruguay
AC José María Podestá  Uruguay
AC Benoît Bickel  Switzerland

Epic works

The following writers took part:[12]

Rank Name Country
1 Giani Stùparich  Italy
2 Josef Petersen  Denmark
3 Éva Földes  Hungary
AC Hans Breidbach-Bernau  Austria
AC Stanislaus Lynch  Ireland
AC Giorgio Caproni  Italy
AC Max Ehinger  Switzerland
AC Miklós Jós  Hungary
AC Philip Greene  Ireland
AC Philip Rooney  Ireland
AC Juuse Tamminen  Finland
AC Joel Laikka  Finland

Lyric works

The following writers took part:[13]

Rank Name Country
1 Aale Tynni  Finland
2 Ernst Van Heerden  South Africa
3 Gilbert Prouteau  France
AC Heikki Asunta  Finland
AC Eleuter Iwaszkiewicz  Poland
AC Walter Roberts  Great Britain
AC Giorgio Caproni  Italy
AC Michele Caballo Galleano  Italy
AC Benoît Bickel  Switzerland
AC Ferdinand Schell  Switzerland
AC René Borchanne  Switzerland
AC Stanislaus Lynch  Ireland
AC Flora Vere O'Brien  Ireland

Unknown event

The following writers took part:[14]

Rank Name Country
AC Geraldine Wright  Canada
AC Doris Hedges  Canada
AC Gérard Bessette  Canada
AC François Hertel  Canada

Music

[edit]

Compositions for orchestra

The following composers took part:[15]

Rank Name Country
1 Zbigniew Turski  Poland
2 Kalervo Tuukkanen  Finland
3 Erling Brene  Denmark
AC Grażyna Bacewicz  Poland
AC Einar Englund  Finland
AC Jan Kapr  Czechoslovakia
AC Maurice Thiriet  France
AC Stanisław Wiechowicz  Poland
AC Yves Baudrier  France
AC Werner Gallusser  Switzerland
AC Jean Daetwyler  Switzerland
AC Clermont Pépin  Canada
AC Alexander Brott  Canada
AC Oskar Morawetz  Canada
AC Aarre Merikanto  Finland

Instrumental and chamber

The following composers took part:[16]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 John Weinzweig  Canada
3 Sergio Lauricella  Italy
AC Jean Coulthard Adams  Canada
AC Mario Panunzi  Italy
AC Harry Somers  Canada
AC James C. Flynn  Ireland

Vocals

The following composers took part:[17]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Not awarded
3 Gabriele Bianchi  Italy
AC Ina Boyle  Ireland
AC Barbara Pentland  Canada
AC Harry Somers  Canada
AC John Weinzweig  Canada
AC Gerard Victory  Ireland
AC Jan Zdeněk Bartoš  Czechoslovakia

Unknown event

The following composers took part:[18]

Rank Name Country
AC Václav Dobiáš  Czechoslovakia
AC Josef Kouba  Czechoslovakia

Painting

[edit]

Graphic arts

The following painters took part:[19]

Rank Name Country
1 Albert Decaris  France
2 John Copley  Great Britain
3 Walter Battiss  South Africa
AC Laura Knight  Great Britain
AC Adam Marczyński  Poland
AC Gino De Finetti  Italy
AC Chen Hsiao-nan  Republic of China
AC John Skeaping  Great Britain
AC Gwen Raverat  Great Britain
AC Lilla Hellesen  Norway
AC Andrzej Jurkiewicz  Poland
AC Delmar Banner  Great Britain
AC André Dunoyer de Segonzac  France
AC Flora Vere O'Brien  Ireland
AC Hans Erni  Switzerland
AC Heinrich Krause  Austria
AC James Bostock  Great Britain
AC John Buckland-Wright  Great Britain
AC Livinius van de Bundt  Netherlands
AC Luc Albert Moreau  France
AC William Washington  Great Britain
AC Winifred Austen  Great Britain
AC Luigi Bartolini  Italy
AC Frederick Austin  Great Britain
AC Anthony Gross  Great Britain

Paintings

The following painters took part:[20]

Rank Name Country
1 Alfred Thomson  Great Britain
2 Giovanni Stradone  Italy
3 Letitia Hamilton  Ireland
AC Thies Luijt  Netherlands
AC Aimé Thevenet  France
AC Cosmo Clark  Great Britain
AC Fritz Brandtner  Canada
AC Lucien Fontanarosa  France
AC Walter Battiss  South Africa
AC Giuseppe Riccobaldi del Bava  Italy
AC Mimma Riccobaldi del Bava  Italy
AC A. G. Chagale  India
AC Alfred Gerstenbrand  Austria
AC Anthony Gross  Great Britain
AC Bettina Somers  Canada
AC Chang Chien-ying  Republic of China
Rank Name Country
AC Corrado Mancioli  Italy
AC Delmar Banner  Great Britain
AC Hernando Ocampo  Philippines
AC Howard Jarvis  Great Britain
AC Jan Goedhart  Netherlands
AC John Platt  Great Britain
AC K. S. Kulkarni  India
AC Karl-Maria May  Austria
AC Lionel Edwards  Great Britain
AC Lotti Lobsiger-Schibli  Switzerland
AC Mino Maccari  Italy
AC Robert Lips  Switzerland
AC Roy Beddington  Great Britain
AC Russell Reeve  Great Britain
AC John Sanderson-Wells  Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Sun Zongwei  Republic of China
AC Cheng Wu-fei  Republic of China
AC Alfred Egerton Cooper  Great Britain
AC Paul Maze  Great Britain
AC Karl Borschke  Austria
AC Laura Knight  Great Britain
AC John Copley  Great Britain
AC John Skeaping  Great Britain
AC Anna Zinkeisen  Great Britain
AC Gino De Finetti  Italy
AC Clifford Hall  Great Britain
AC Vera Matthews-Irving  Canada
AC Maurice MacGonigal  Ireland
AC Ciaran Clear  Ireland
AC Thomas Healy  Ireland

Unknown event

The following painters took part:[21]

Rank Name Country
AC Adrienne Jouclard  France
AC Anna Zinkeisen  Great Britain
AC Deirdre Henty-Creer  Great Britain
AC Doris Zinkeisen  Great Britain
AC Ethel Gabain  Great Britain
AC Heather Child  Great Britain
AC Paula Maly  Austria
AC Vera Brookman  Great Britain
AC Louis De Marquevic  France
AC Alfred Egerton Cooper  Great Britain
AC Alec Pecker  Great Britain
AC Alfred Munnings  Great Britain
AC Allan Walton  Great Britain
AC Kees Andrea  Netherlands
AC Angelo Savelli  Italy
AC Ásgeir Bjarnþórsson  Iceland
AC Charles Cundall  Great Britain
AC Charles Lamb  Ireland
AC Zhang Anzhi  Republic of China
AC Christopher Campbell  Ireland
AC Clifford Hall  Great Britain
AC Kees Maks  Netherlands
AC Dimitrios Kokotsis  Greece
AC Daniel Vázquez  Spain
AC Coralie de Burgh  Great Britain
AC Dick Hart  Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Domenico Purificato  Italy
AC Eduard Matras  Austria
AC Edith Marion Scales  Great Britain
AC Ekke Ozlberger  Austria
AC Elli Riehl  Austria
AC Emil Kotrba  Czechoslovakia
AC Felice Ludovisi  Italy
AC Feliks Topolski  Great Britain
AC Frederick Austin  Great Britain
AC George Pilkington  South Africa
AC Giuseppe Capogrossi  Italy
AC Gijs Kramer  Netherlands
AC Hans Erni  Switzerland
AC Helen Sampson  Great Britain
AC Henryk Tomaszewski  Poland
AC Hervé Morvan  France
AC Herbert Gurschner  Great Britain
AC Jack Hanlon  Ireland
AC Jacques Maloubier  France
AC João Fragoso  Portugal
AC John Farleigh  Great Britain
AC John Wheatley  Great Britain
AC Karl Borschke  Austria
AC Klaus Pachnicke  Austria
AC Luigi Bartolini  Italy
AC Jerry Critchlow  Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Mario Cortiello  Italy
AC Max Frey  Austria
AC Paul Daxhelet  Belgium
AC Paul Maze  Great Britain
AC Roy de Maistre  Great Britain
AC Ray Howard-Jones  Great Britain
AC Richard Murry  Great Britain
AC Thomas Dugdale  Great Britain
AC Victor Coverley-Price  Great Britain
AC Vittorio Piscopo  Italy
AC A. Wynne-Rogers  Great Britain
AC Wilhelm Kaufmann  Austria
AC William Fisher  Great Britain
AC Denholm Armour  Great Britain
AC Charles Simpson  Great Britain
AC Laura Knight  Great Britain
AC Howard Jarvis  Great Britain
AC Frederic Whiting  Great Britain
AC Cosmo Clark  Great Britain
AC Letitia Hamilton  Ireland
AC Norman Wilkinson  Great Britain
AC William Nicholson  Great Britain
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann  Switzerland
AC Winifred Austen  Great Britain
AC Ian James Scott  Great Britain

Applied arts

The following painters took part:[22]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Alex Walter Diggelmann  Switzerland
3 Alex Walter Diggelmann  Switzerland
AC Bernard Cuzner  Great Britain
AC Stanley Morris  Great Britain
AC Cecily Briant  Great Britain
AC Gertrude Bohnert  Switzerland
AC Jacques Maloubier  France
AC Gertrude Poilschek  Austria
AC Helena Stuliková  Czechoslovakia
AC Josephine Cheesman  Great Britain
AC Joyce Himsworth  Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Phyllis Platt  Great Britain
AC Alf von Chmielowski  Austria
AC Alois Mitschek  Austria
AC Cyril Shiner  Great Britain
AC Edgard Derouet  France
AC Paul Fromentier  France
AC Freda Hands  Great Britain
AC Geoffrey Holden  Great Britain
AC H. E. Twaits  Great Britain
AC Ian James Scott  Great Britain
AC John Auld  Great Britain
Rank Name Country
AC Jerzy Jarnuszkiewicz  Poland
AC Johann Horvath  Austria
AC Rudolf Terhes  Austria
AC Lucien Bernier  Canada
AC Mans Meijer  Netherlands
AC Paul Colin  France
AC Peter Stebbing  Great Britain
AC Ralph Lavers  Great Britain
AC Reginald Till  Great Britain
AC William Wilson  Great Britain
AC Yvon Lalande  Canada

Sculpture

[edit]

Medals and plaques

The following sculptors took part:[23]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Oskar Thiede  Austria
3 Edwin Grienauer  Austria
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann  Switzerland
AC Filippo Sgarlata  Italy
AC Stanislav Binar  Czechoslovakia
AC Alessandro Manzo  Italy
AC Omero Taddeini  Italy
AC Thomas Wilkinson  Great Britain

Reliefs

The following sculptors took part:[24]

Rank Name Country
1 Not awarded
2 Not awarded
3 Rosamund Fletcher  Great Britain

Statues

The following sculptors took part:[25]

Rank Name Country
1 Gustaf Nordahl  Sweden
2 Chintamoni Kar  Great Britain
3 Hubert Yencesse  France
AC Emilio Greco  Italy
AC Filippo Sgarlata  Italy
AC Franciszek Strynkiewicz  Poland
AC Jerzy Bandura  Poland
AC Joseph Rivière  France
AC Knud Nellemose  Denmark
AC Margarete Markl  Austria
AC Edwin Grienauer  Austria
AC Edmund Reitter  Austria
AC Karl Stemolak  Austria
AC Guy Van Den Steen  Belgium
AC Elsy Blom-Wirz  Belgium
Rank Name Country
AC Odon Lallemand  Belgium
AC Sybil Kennedy  Canada
AC Robert Norgate  Canada
AC Henri Lagriffoul  France
AC Joël Martel  France
AC Jan Martel  France
AC Dora Gordine  Great Britain
AC David Evans  Great Britain
AC Mary Morton  Great Britain
AC Phyllis Bone  Great Britain
AC Eric Winters  Great Britain
AC Desmond Broe  Ireland
AC Edmondo Gigante  Ireland
AC May Power  Ireland
AC Filippo Tallone  Italy
Rank Name Country
AC Angelo Di Castro  Italy
AC Alessandro Manzo  Italy
AC Co Derr  Netherlands
AC Graciano Nepomuceno  Philippines
AC Jacek Żuławski  Poland
AC Jan Ślusarczyk  Poland
AC Maria Bujakowa  Poland
AC Helena Bukowska-Szlekys  Poland
AC Hans Brandenberger  Switzerland
AC Ferdy Denzler  Switzerland
AC Olof Ahlberg  Sweden
AC Karel Otáhal  Czechoslovakia
AC Jakub Obrovský  Czechoslovakia
AC Jindřich Severa  Czechoslovakia

Unknown event

The following sculptors took part:[26]

Rank Name Country
AC Karl Stemolak  Austria
AC Kostas Valsamis  Greece
AC Peter Peri  Great Britain
AC Leoncillo Leonardi  Italy
AC Marcel Chauvenet  France
AC Marino Mazzacurati  Italy
AC Maurice Lambert  Great Britain
AC Michael Drobil  Austria
AC Otto Hofner  Austria
AC Paul Vincze  Great Britain
AC Tait McKenzie  Canada
AC Raymond Coulon  France
Rank Name Country
AC René Iché  France
AC Robert Allan Miller  Great Britain
AC Siegfried Charoux  Great Britain
AC Hugo Daini  Italy
AC V. Robinson Hodge  Great Britain
AC Wäinö Aaltonen  Finland
AC Walter Linck  Switzerland
AC Rosamund Fletcher  Great Britain
AC Chintamoni Kar  Great Britain
AC Norman Tyrrell  Great Britain
AC Antoni Kenar  Poland
AC Jakub Obrovský  Czechoslovakia
Rank Name Country
AC Guy Van Den Steen  Belgium
AC Alex Walter Diggelmann  Switzerland
AC Knud Nellemose  Denmark
AC Filippo Sgarlata  Italy
AC Ferdinand Opitz  Austria
AC Edmund Moiret  Austria
AC Albin Döbrich  Austria
AC Karin Jarl-Sakellarios  Austria
AC Jack Downing  Great Britain
AC Charles Stanier  Great Britain
AC W. G. Webb  Great Britain
AC Gertrude Bohnert  Switzerland

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ (ed.) Lord Burghley (1951). The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad (PDF). London: Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad. pp. 195–198, 535–537. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Wagner, Juergen. "Olympic Art Competition 1948 London". Olympic Games Museum. Archived from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  4. ^ Kramer, Bernhard (May 2004). "In Search of the Lost Champions of the Olympic Art Contests" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 12 (2): 29–34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 25 March 2008.
  5. ^ Bolanaki, A. (June 1951). "Report on Art Exhibitions" (PDF). Bulletin du Comité International Olympique (27). Lausanne: International Olympic Committee: 34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  6. ^ "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on 28 March 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  7. ^ "London 1948 Medal Table". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 26 March 2008.
  8. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Designs For Town Planning, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Architectural Designs, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  10. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Architecture, Further Entries, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  11. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Dramatic Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  12. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Epic Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  13. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Lyric Works, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  14. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Literature, Unknown Event, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  15. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Compositions For Orchestra, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Instrumental And Chamber, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  17. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Vocals, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  18. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Music, Unknown Event, Open". Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Graphic Arts, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  20. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Paintings, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Unknown Event, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Painting, Applied Arts, Open". Olympedia. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
  23. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Medals And Plaques, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  24. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Reliefs, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  25. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Statues, Open". Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  26. ^ "Art Competitions at the 1948 Summer Olympics: Sculpturing, Unknown Event, Open". Retrieved 27 August 2020.
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