2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election
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All 50 seats to the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Turnout | 67.7% ( 30.0%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Maps of the election result | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2020 Emilia-Romagna regional election took place in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, on 26 January 2020.[1] The result was the victory of the centre-left coalition and the confirmation of Stefano Bonaccini as President of Emilia-Romagna, with more than 51% of votes,[2] nearly doubling the number of votes received in 2014.[3]
The election was held concurrently with a regional election in Calabria.
Electoral system
[edit]In Emilia-Romagna, a new electoral law was approved by the Legislative Assembly in July 2014, abolishing the blocked list.
The voter can express one or two preference votes for the candidates on the chosen list; in the case of the expression of two preferences, these must concern candidates of different sex according to "gender preference" (under penalty of annulment of the second preference). As regards the election of the councilors, the law guarantees in any case at least 27 seats on the lists that support the elected president (majority prize), obtaining effects that are very similar to those of the list but acting on the provincial lists. The first 40 seats are distributed on a proportional basis. A seat is then attributed to the candidate for president who came second. The remaining 9 seats are assigned by majority method to the lists that support the elected president if these lists have obtained less than 25 seats with the previous procedure, otherwise the "prize" will be only 4 seats. If, at the end of these assignments, the majority lists have not obtained at least 27 seats, these will be guaranteed by removing some of the seats already assigned to the opposition lists.
Background
[edit]Despite Emilia-Romagna having always been considered one of the "red regions" – a stronghold of left-wing parties since the end of the World War II – in the 2018 general election the centre-right coalition became the largest political force in the region. The 2020 regional election has been considered as the first competitive one in the history of the region.[4]
The centre-left nominated incumbent governor Stefano Bonaccini at the head of a coalition including the Democratic Party (PD) and its left-wing allies of Free and Equal (LeU) and Green Europe (EV), as well as More Europe (+E).[5][6] Bonaccini also launched a personal civic list, named "Bonaccini for President", which included, among others, members from Matteo Renzi's Italia Viva (IV), Carlo Calenda's Action and Federico Pizzarotti's Italia in Comune (IiC).[7] The centre-right proposed Senator Lucia Borgonzoni, member of the League (Lega) and former undersecretary to cultural activities in Giuseppe Conte's first government.[8] The centre-right coalition included also Brothers of Italy (FdI), Forza Italia (FI) and Cambiamo! (C!).[9]
Campaign
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The official election campaign was opened on 14 November by the League, which organized a rally at the PalaDozza, the sport arena of Bologna. On that occasion Matteo Salvini presented the centre-right candidate Lucia Borgonzoni.[10] At the same time, a flash mob named "6000 Sardines against Salvini" was organized in Piazza Maggiore, to peacefully protest against Salvini's campaign in Emilia-Romagna. On the following day, Nicola Zingaretti's Democratic Party held a three-day convention in Bologna, known as Tutta un'altra storia ("A whole different story").[11]
On 19 November, Bonaccini and Borgonzoni had their first television debate, hosted by the talk show #Cartabianca by Bianca Berlinguer on Rai 3. The debate was followed by about 1.6 million viewers (6% share).[12]
After a period of uncertainty regarding its participation in the regional elections, and after a decline in opinion polls and poor election results in 2019 Umbrian election, on 21 November the Five Star Movement launched a survey on its on-line platform "Rousseau", to ask its members if they should participate in the following regional elections. Almost 70% of members voted to run in the elections, and therefore M5S leader Luigi Di Maio announced the presentation of M5S electoral lists and a M5S candidate for the regional presidency, without party alliances.[13]
On 7 December, more than 10,000 people gathered Piazza Maggiore in Bologna for the launch of Bonaccini's electoral campaign.[14]
Electoral programmes
[edit]- Stefano Bonaccini, being the outgoing regional president, claimed the results achieved by his administration (including the "Pact for Labour" of 2015),[15] and proposed four priority points summed up into the slogan "A step forward": to create free kindergartens for all children in the region, to break down the waiting lists for health interventions and access times to first aid, to carry out preventive maintenance and safety of the regional territory, and to reduce the phenomenon of NEET.[16]
- The League of Lucia Borgonzoni proposed the introduction of some practices already existing in the other regions governed by the centre-right (in particular Lombardy and Veneto), including the opening of hospitals during public holidays and at night to carry out medical exams and laboratory tests, and the reduction of the regional IRPEF with introduction of 1.23% flat rate.[citation needed]
- The Five Star Movement of Simone Benini focused its programme on social, infrastructural and environmental issues, including the repeal of the regional legislation on urban planning, the rethinking of the Cispadana regional motorway project in favour of a fast road without toll, the reduction of waste to shut down incinerators and landfills, and generally introducing new environmental sustainability policies in the region.[17]
- Stefano Lugli (The Other Emilia-Romagna) proposed a "safe" region in the sense of "fair, public and sustainable", i.e. based on social equality, the fight against the privatization of services and the relaunch of environmental policies.[citation needed]
- Marta Collot (Power to the People) presented a "rupture programme" based on equality, in particular proposing a guaranteed minimum wage of 9 euros per hour, redesigning the regional urban planning policies, and withdrawing the request for differentiated regional autonomy already presented by Emilia-Romagna in 2019.[18]
- The Communist Party put poverty, social justice and equality at the centre of its programme.[citation needed]
- The 3V Movement "Vaccines We Want Truth" called for the lift of mandatory vaccinations recently enforced by the government for the access of children and infants to public schools and kindergartens.[citation needed]
Endorsements
[edit]Newspapers and magazines
[edit]Stefano Bonaccini:
- Il Fatto Quotidiano[19]
- La Notizia[20]
- HuffPost Italia[21]
Lucia Borgonzoni:
- Il Giornale[22]
- Libero[23]
- La Verità[24]
- L'Occidentale[25] (party newspaper of Identity and Action)
- La Croce[26] (party newspaper of The People of Family)
Parties and candidates
[edit]| Political party or alliance | Constituent lists | Previous result | Candidate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | ||||||
| Centre-left coalition | Democratic Party | 44.5 | 29 | ||||
| Bonaccini for President (incl. IV, A, IiC, CD, Pos and CpE) | — | — | |||||
| Brave Emilia-Romagna (incl. Art.1, SI and èViva) | — | — | |||||
| More Europe – PSI – PRI | — | — | |||||
| Green Europe | — | — | |||||
| Volt Emilia-Romagna | — | — | |||||
| Centre-right coalition | League Emilia-Romagna (LNE and LNR) | 19.4 | 8 | ||||
| Forza Italia (incl. UDC) | 8.4 | 2 | |||||
| Brothers of Italy | 1.9 | 1 | |||||
| Cambiamo! – The People of Family (incl. IdeA) | — | — | |||||
| Borgonzoni for President | — | — | |||||
| Young People for the Environment (formed by Youth League) | — | — | |||||
| Five Star Movement | 13.3 | 5 | Simone Benini
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| The Other Emilia-Romagna (incl. PRC, PCI, PdS, PU) | 3.7 | 1 | Stefano Lugli
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| Power to the People | — | — | Marta Collot
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| Communist Party | — | — | Laura Bergamini
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| 3V Movement | — | — | Domenico Battaglia
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Opinion polls
[edit]Candidates
[edit]| Date | Polling firm/ Client |
Sample size | Bonaccini | Borgonzoni | Benini | Others | Undecided | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Jan 2020 | Opinio (exit poll) | – | 48.0–52.0 | 43.0–47.0 | 2.0–5.0 | – | – | 5.0 |
| 25–26 Jan 2020 | Tecnè (intention poll) | 12,000 | 46.5–50.5 | 43.5–47.5 | 2.0–6.0 | – | – | 3.0 |
| 9 Jan 2020 | SWG | 1,000 | 47.0 | 45.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 19.0 | 2.0 |
| 9 Jan 2020 | EMG | 1,000 | 44.0 | 43.0 | 7.5 | 5.5 | — | 1.0 |
| 6–8 Jan 2020 | Demopolis | 1,000 | 46.5 | 44.5 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 24.0 | 2.0 |
| 7 Jan 2020 | Noto | 1,000 | 45.0 | 43.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | — | 2.0 |
| 5 Jan 2020 | Affaritaliani.it Archived 6 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine | – | 45.0 | 43.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | — | 2.0 |
| 30–31 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 44.0 | 43.0 | 7.5 | 5.5 | — | 1.0 |
| 27–30 Dec 2019 | MG Research | – | 45.5 | 43.5 | 7.5 | 3.5 | — | 2.0 |
| 28 Dec 2019 | Opinio Italia | 1,000 | 46.5 | 43.5 | 7.5 | 2.5 | — | 3.0 |
| 22–23 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 46.0 | 44.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | — | 2.0 |
| 18–22 Dec 2019 | Demopolis | 4,008 | 46.0 | 44.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 2.0 |
| 14–18 Dec 2019 | EMG | 1,000 | 46.5 | 43.5 | 6.5 | 3.5 | — | 3.0 |
| 17 Dec 2019 | Ixè | 1,000 | 47.2 | 40.1 | 7.8 | 4.9 | 25.0 | 7.1 |
| 13 Dec 2019 | MG Research Archived 14 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine | – | 44.5 | 44.5 | 8.5 | 2.5 | — | Tie |
| 12 Dec 2019 | Noto | – | 47.0 | 43.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | — | 4.0 |
| 9–12 Dec 2019 | Ipsos | 1,000 | 44.2 | 42.1 | 8.4 | 5.3 | — | 2.1 |
| 10–11 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 45.0 | 44.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | — | 1.0 |
| 2–4 Dec 2019 | EMG | 1,000 | 46.5 | 44.0 | 5.5 | 4.0 | — | 2.5 |
| 29 Nov–2 Dec 2019 | IZI | 1,007 | 45.4 | 40.6 | 9.9 | 4.1 | — | 4.9 |
| 29 Nov 2019 | MG Research | – | 44.5 | 45.0 | 8.0 | 2.5 | — | 0.5 |
| 25 Nov 2019 | Piepoli | – | 44.0 | 43.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | — | 1.0 |
| 24 Nov 2019 | Affaritaliani.it | – | 46.0 | 44.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 2.0 |
| 22–24 Nov 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | — | Tie |
| 50.5 | 47.5 | w. CSX | 2.0 | — | 3.0 | |||
| 21 Nov 2019 | Noto | – | 45.0 | 44.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | — | 1.0 |
| 52.0 | 46.0 | w. CSX | 2.0 | — | 6.0 | |||
| 49.0 | 46.0 | abst. | 5.0 | — | 3.0 | |||
| 19 Nov 2019 | Ixè | 1,000 | 40.0 | 29.2 | 5.0 | 7.7 | 18.1 | 10.8 |
| 41.2 | 29.4 | abst. | 8.8 | 20.3 | 11.8 | |||
| 13–19 Nov 2019 | SWG[a] | 1,000 | 43.0 | 45.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 15.0 | 2.0 |
| 15 Nov 2019 | MG Research | – | 44.0 | 46.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | — | 2.0 |
| 9–14 Nov 2019 | ScenariPolitici–Winpoll[a] | 1,000 | 50.7 | 42.1 | 6.2 | 1.0 | — | 8.6 |
| 9–10 Nov 2019 | Tecnè | 800 | 46.0 | 45.0 | 7.0 | 2.0 | — | 1.0 |
| 51.0 | 47.0 | w. CSX | 2.0 | — | 4.0 | |||
| 50.0 | 48.0 | abst. | 2.0 | — | 2.0 | |||
| 8 nov 2019 | Affari Italiani | — | 41.0 | 45.0 | 12.0 | 2.0 | — | 4.0 |
| 31 Oct–4 Nov 2019 | EMG | 1,000 | 45.5 | 44.0 | 7.0 | 3.5 | — | 1.5 |
| 20 Sep 2019 | Repubblica[a] | – | 45.0 | 36.0 | — | — | — | 9.0 |
| 20 Sep 2019 | Il Resto del Carlino[a] | – | 48.0 | 31.0 | 6.5 | 13.7 | — | 17.0 |
| 6–12 Sep 2019 | SWG[a][27] | 1,000 | 41.0 | 42.0 | 13.0 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 1.0 |
| 23 November 2014 | Election results | – | 49.1 | 29.8 | 13.3 | 7.7 | – | 25.1 |
Parties
[edit]| Date | Polling firm | Sample size | Centre-left | Centre-right | M5S | Others | Undecided | Lead | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD | ERC | BP | Other | Lega | FI | FdI | Other | |||||||
| 26 Jan 2020 | Election results Archived 26 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine | – | 34.7 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 31.9 | 2.6 | 8.6 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 1.5 | – | 2.8 |
| 6–8 Jan 2020 | Demopolis | 1,000 | 44.5 | 45.0 | 7.8 | 2.7 | 24.0 | 0.5 | ||||||
| 30–31 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 28.5 | — | 7.0 | 7.0 | 30.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 6.0 | — | 1.5 |
| 27–30 Dec 2019 | MG Research | – | 28.5 | — | 6.5 | 9.0 | 33.0 | — | 7.0 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 3.5 | — | 4.5 |
| 22–23 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 31.0 | — | — | 14.0 | 30.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | — | 1.0 |
| 18–22 Dec 2019 | Demopolis | 4,008 | 44.0 | 45.0 | 8.0 | 3.0 | 25.0 | 1.0 | ||||||
| 13–17 Dec 2019 | Ixè | 1,000 | 29.4 | — | 7.8 | 6.8 | 27.8 | 4.2 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 8.8 | 5.3 | — | 1.6 |
| 13 Dec 2019 | MG Research Archived 14 December 2019 at the Wayback Machine | – | 34.5 | 1.0 | — | 5.5 | 32.5 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 2.0 | 9.5 | 2.5 | — | 2.0 |
| 9–12 Dec 2019 | Ipsos | 1,000 | 22.9 | — | 20.2 | — | 25.9 | 2.0 | 10.1 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 5.9 | — | 3.0 |
| 10–11 Dec 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 30.0 | 14.0 | 30.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | — | Tie | ||
| 29 Nov–2 Dec 2019 | IZI | 1,007 | 24.7 | — | 11.0 | 5.2 | 29.8 | 5.1 | 9.4 | 1.1 | 10.9 | 2.8 | — | 5.1 |
| 29 Nov 2019 | MG Research | – | 34.0 | 1.5 | — | 5.5 | 33.0 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 2.5 | — | 1.0 |
| 22–24 Nov 2019 | Tecnè | 1,000 | 31.0 | — | — | 13.0 | 31.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 2.0 | — | Tie |
| 31.0 | — | — | 13.0 | 32.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 6.0[b] | 2.0 | — | 1.0 | |||
| 19 Nov 2019 | Ixè | 1,000 | 34.3 | — | — | — | 30.9 | 5.1 | 6.0 | — | 10.4 | 13.3 | — | 3.4 |
| 13–19 Nov 2019 | SWG[a] | 1,000 | 27.0 | 2.5 | — | 10.5 | 32.0 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 8.5 | 3.0 | 16.0 | 5.0 |
| 29.0 | 3.5 | — | 12.5 | 33.5 | 4.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | abst. | 4.5 | 18.0 | 4.5 | |||
| 15 Nov 2019 | MG Research | – | 35.0 | 2.0 | — | 3.5 | 34.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 8.5 | 4.5 | — | 1.0 |
| 9–14 Nov 2019 | ScenariPolitici–Winpoll[a] | 1,000 | 33.9 | 2.5 | 8.4 | — | 33.0 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 6.0 | 1.6 | — | 0.9 |
| 4 Nov 2019 | Termometro Politico | – | 46.0 | 48.5 | — | — | — | 2.5 | ||||||
| 1 Nov 2019 | MG Research Archived 27 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine | – | 27.0 | 1.5 | — | 11.0 | 33.0 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | — | 6.0 |
| 28 Oct 2019 | Affaritaliani.it | – | 31.7 | — | — | — | 34.5 | 5.0 | 7.4 | — | 6.5 | — | — | 2.8 |
| 20 Sep 2019 | Il Resto del Carlino[a] | – | 44.5 | 43.6 | 8.5 | — | — | 0.9 | ||||||
| 6–12 Sep 2019 | SWG[a][27] | 1,000 | 33.5 | 2.0 | — | 4.5 | 33.5 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 13.0 | — | — | Tie |
| 6–10 Jul 2019 | GPF | 1,200 | 14.9 | — | — | — | 15.8 | 3.0 | 2.2 | — | 6.1 | 2.6 | 32.5 | 0.9 |
| 3 Jul–21 Dec 2018 | Ipsos | 1,440 | 17.0 | — | — | — | 23.0 | 3.0 | — | — | 15.0 | 4.0 | 38.0 | 6.0 |
| 23 Nov 2014 | Election results | – | 44.5 | 6.9 | – | 1.9 | 19.4 | 8.4 | 1.9 | – | 13.3 | 3.6 | – | 25.1 |
Results
[edit] | |||||||||
| Candidates | Votes | % | Seats | Parties | Votes | % | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stefano Bonaccini | 1,195,742 | 51.42 | 1 | Democratic Party | 749,976 | 34.69 | 22 | ||
| Bonaccini for President | 124,591 | 5.76 | 3 | ||||||
| Brave Emilia-Romagna | 81,419 | 3.77 | 2 | ||||||
| Green Europe | 42,156 | 1.95 | 1 | ||||||
| More Europe – PSI – PRI | 33,087 | 1.53 | – | ||||||
| Volt Emilia-Romagna | 9.253 | 0.43 | – | ||||||
| Total | 1,040,482 | 48.12 | 28 | ||||||
| Lucia Borgonzoni | 1,014,672 | 43.63 | 1 | League | 690,864 | 31.95 | 14 | ||
| Brothers of Italy | 185,796 | 8.59 | 3 | ||||||
| Forza Italia | 55,317 | 2.56 | 1 | ||||||
| Borgonzoni for President | 37,462 | 1.73 | – | ||||||
| Cambiamo! – The People of Family | 6,341 | 0.29 | – | ||||||
| Young People for the Environment | 6,007 | 0.28 | – | ||||||
| Total | 981,787 | 45.41 | 18 | ||||||
| Simone Benini | 80,823 | 3.48 | – | Five Star Movement | 102,595 | 4.74 | 2 | ||
| Domenico Battaglia | 10,979 | 0.47 | – | 3V Movement | 11,187 | 0.52 | – | ||
| Laura Bergamini | 10,269 | 0.44 | – | Communist Party | 10,287 | 0.48 | – | ||
| Marta Collot | 7,029 | 0.30 | – | Power to the People | 8,048 | 0.37 | – | ||
| Stefano Lugli | 5,983 | 0.26 | – | The Other Emilia-Romagna | 7,830 | 0.36 | – | ||
| Total candidates | 2,325,497 | 100.00 | 2 | Total parties | 2,162,216 | 100.00 | 48 | ||
| Blank and invalid votes | 48,477 | 2.04 | |||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 3,508,179 | 67.67 | |||||||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior – Election in Emilia-Romagna | |||||||||
Results by province and capital city
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Turnout
[edit]| Region | Time | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 12:00 | 19:00 | 23:00 | |
| Emilia-Romagna | 23.44% | 58.82% | 67.68% |
| Province | Time | ||
| 12:00 | 19:00 | 23:00 | |
| Bologna | 24.97% | 61.88% | 70.98% |
| Ferrara | 23.63% | 57.94% | 65.59% |
| Forlì-Cesena | 23.55% | 59.39% | 67.54% |
| Modena | 23.96% | 59.89% | 69.11% |
| Parma | 21.98% | 55.12% | 64.07% |
| Piacenza | 22.55% | 54.38% | 62.91% |
| Ravenna | 23.67% | 60.67% | 69.71% |
| Reggio Emilia | 23.54% | 58.83% | 67.97% |
| Rimini | 19.87% | 54.57% | 63.54% |
| Source: Ministry of the Interior – Turnout Archived 26 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine | |||
Map
[edit]
Elected councillors
[edit]
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- ^ As President of the Region.
- ^ Borgonzoni renounced to her Regional Council seat, keeping her seat in the Senate. Mastacchi, of the list "Borgonzoni for President", took over the empty seat.
- ^ Schlein was elected both in Bologna and Reggio Emilia. Taruffi took over her seat in Bologna.
- ^ Sgarbi renounced to his Regional Council seat, keeping his seat in the Chamber of Deputies. Castaldini took over the empty seat.
- ^ Schlein was appointed vice president of the region. Amico took over her seat.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Elezioni regionali Emilia Romagna, data. Si vota il 26 gennaio 2020". il Resto del Carlino (in Italian). 23 September 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ Giuffrida, Angela (27 January 2020). "Salvini suffers setback in leftwing stronghold during Italy regional elections". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ Johnson, Miles (27 January 2020). "Matteo Salvini's attempt to win key Emilia-Romagna region fails". Financial Times. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ GIACOMIN, PAOLO (3 November 2019). "L'Emilia contendibile. Ma i grillini saranno l'ago della bilancia". QuotidianoNet.
- ^ "Bonaccini si candida per secondo mandato". 24Emilia. 28 June 2018.
- ^ "I passi di Bonaccini". www.ilfoglio.it.
- ^ Regionali, Italia Viva presenta i suoi candidati a sostegno di Bonaccini
- ^ PRETE, FEDERICO DEL (7 October 2019). "Elezioni Emilia Romagna 2020, Borgonzoni candidata unica del centrodestra". il Resto del Carlino.
- ^ "Regionali, Borgonzoni: la leghista verso l'appoggio del centrodestra". BolognaToday.
- ^ "Emilia Romagna, Salvini lancia la campagna elettorale: "Prima liberiamo Bologna e poi Firenze"". 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ "Tutta un'altra storia".
- ^ "Curve ascolti Tv 19 novembre: Il Volo fa il picco". TvZoom. 20 November 2019.
- ^ "M5S, su Rousseau vince il no: presenterà liste regionali. E Di Maio: "Andremo da soli"". Repubblica.it. 21 November 2019.
- ^ "Bologna, in 10mila per Bonaccini: "Se l'Italia somigliasse di più all'Emilia-Romagna sarebbe un Paese migliore"". Repubblica.it. 7 December 2019.
- ^ "Cosa ho fatto". Comitato per Stefano Bonaccini Presidente. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Un passo avanti, anzi 4". Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Intervista a Simone Benini candidato M5S in Emilia-Romagna".
- ^ "Il programma per l'Emilia-Romagna". Potere al Popolo!. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Turarsi il naso". Il Fatto Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ admin. "Un voto determinante per consentire al Governo di far ripartire il Paese". LA NOTIZIA (in Italian). Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Per Bonaccini". L'HuffPost (in Italian). 25 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ Alessandro Sallusti (25 January 2020). "Mandiamoli a casa nel nome di Tortora". ilGiornale.it (in Italian). Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Lucia Borgonzoni, ecco perché vincerà. La campagna blasfema della sinistra / Guarda". www.liberoquotidiano.it. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Il centrodestra sente aria di vittoria e serra le fila per sfrattare la Ditta". La Verità. 25 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Elezioni in Emilia Romagna, votare centrodestra contro la "piattaforma Cirinnà"". l'Occidentale (in Italian). 22 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
- ^ "Un voto per la famiglia in Emilia Romagna". La Croce Quotidiano (in Italian). Retrieved 9 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Pd-Lega, è guerra di sondaggi. Per i dem Bonaccini è al 48%" (in Italian). Corriere di Bologna. 21 September 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
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