Williams International is an American manufacturer of small gas turbine engines based in Pontiac, Michigan, United States. It produces jet engines for cruise missiles and small jet aircraft.
 | |
| Formerly | Williams Research Corporation |
|---|---|
| Industry | Aerospace |
| Founded | 1954 |
| Founder | Sam B. Williams |
| Headquarters | , United States |
| Website | williams-int |
History
editDr. Sam B. Williams worked at Chrysler on their automotive turbine systems, but always imagined a wider set of applications for the small gas turbine engine. He left Chrysler to form Williams Research Corporation in Birmingham, Michigan, in 1954.[1][2] In 1981, the company became Williams International. It has been building small turbofan engines since the 1950s for use in cruise missiles as well as target and reconnaissance drones.
Using the missile engines, Williams developed a series of personal VTOL flying craft, including a jet-powered belt in 1969, the Williams Aerial Systems Platform (WASP), also known as the "flying pulpit" in the 1970s, and the X-Jet, which was evaluated by the United States Army in the 1980s.[3][4] The WASP platform was the only competitor to the Garrett STAMP in the United States Marine Corps STAMP (Small Tactical Aerial Mobility Platform) program of the early 1970s.
Also in the 1980s, Williams identified a need in the general aviation market for a small, light jet engine to power cost-effective personal and corporate jet aircraft. The company introduced the FJ44 engine, which in turn made possible the introduction of a number of small jet aircraft.
In 1992, NASA initiated its Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) program to partner with manufacturers and help develop technologies that would revitalize the sagging general aviation industry. In 1996, Williams joined AGATE's General Aviation Propulsion program to develop a fuel-efficient turbofan engine that would be even smaller than the FJ44. The result was the FJX-2 engine. Williams then contracted with Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites to design and build the Williams V-Jet II, a Very Light Jet to use as a testbed and technology demonstrator to showcase the new engine. The aircraft and engine were debuted at the 1997 Oshkosh Airshow. The production version of the engine, the EJ22 flew on the prototype Eclipse 500 VLJ (which had evolved from the V-Jet II), but was subsequently replaced by a Pratt & Whitney engine.
Products
editAircraft
edit| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Williams X-Jet | 1980 | 3 | Flying platform |
| Williams V-Jet II | 1997 | 1 | Twin jet engine monoplane business jet |
Engines
edit| Model name | Variant | US Military Designation (MIL-HDBK-1812) | Configuration | Power | First Flight | Used In |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Williams WR1 | WR1 | regenerative free turbine turboshaft | 75 shaft horsepower | 1954 | ||
| Williams Jet No. 1 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 60 lbf | 1957 | |||
| Williams J400 | WR2 | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 125 lbf | 1960 | Canadair CL-89, | |
| Williams J400 | WR24 | J400-WR | single-shaft, centrifugal/centrifugal-axial flow turbojet | 240 lbf | Northrop MQM/BQM-74 Chukar | |
| Williams F107 | WR19 | F107-WR | Turbofan | 430 lbf | AGM-86, BGM-109 | |
| Williams F122 | WR19 | F122-WR | twin-shaft, axial-centrifugal-flow turbofan | 900 lbf | AGM-137 | |
| Williams F112 | F112-WR | twin-spool counter rotating turbofan | 732 lbf | 1985(?) | X-36, X-50, AGM-129 | |
| Williams EJ22 | 3-spool medium-bypass ratio turbofan | 770 lbf | 2000(?) | Eclipse 500 VLJ | ||
| Williams FJ33 | Turbofan | 1,846 lbf | 1998(?) | Cirrus Vision SF50 | ||
| Williams FJ44 | WR44 | F129-WR | Turbofan | 1,900 lbf | July 12, 1988 | Cessna CitationJet |
| Williams WR34 | WR34 | Turboshaft | ||||
| Williams F121 | WR36 | F121-WR | 1 stage axial fan, 6-stage axial compressor, single spool turbofan | 70 lbf | July 30, 1984 | AGM-136 Tacit Rainbow |
| Williams WST117 |
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ "Sam Williams to Receive NBAA Meritorious Service Award; Skip Reed to Receive Doswell Award". Archived from the original on 2007-01-03. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- ^ Richard A. Leyes and William A. Fleming, The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines, p. 385
- ^ Williams WASP II
- ^ Kocivar, Ben. "Turbofan-powered flying carpet" Popular Science, September 1982. Accessed: September 2014.
Bibliography
edit- Noland, David (November 2005). "The Little Engine That Couldn't". Air & Space. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- Wahl, Paul (April 1974). "Jet Flight With No Wings". Popular Science. pp. 88–89 and 152.
External links
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