Wikipedia

Volusia County, Florida

"Volusia" redirects here. For the unincorporated community, see Volusia, Florida. For the moth, see Peoria (moth).

Volusia County (/vəˈluːʃə/, və-LOO-shə) is a county located in the east-central part of the U.S. state of Florida between the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2020 census, the county was home to 553,543 people, an increase of 11.9% from the 2010 census.[1][2] It was founded on December 29, 1854, from part of Orange County, and was named for the community of Volusia, located in northwestern Volusia County. Its first county seat was Enterprise. Since 1887, its county seat has been DeLand.[3]

Volusia County
County
Volusia County courthouse in DeLand, built in 2001
Volusia County courthouse in DeLand, built in 2001
Official logo of Volusia County
Logo
Map of Florida highlighting Volusia County
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Map of the United States highlighting Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 29°3′N 81°9′W / 29.050°N 81.150°W / 29.050; -81.150
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedDecember 29, 1854
Named forCommunity of Volusia
SeatDeLand
Largest cityDeltona
Area
 • Total1,432.44 sq mi (3,710.0 km2)
 • Land1,101.03 sq mi (2,851.7 km2)
 • Water331.40 sq mi (858.3 km2)  23.14%
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total553,543 Increase
 • Density503/sq mi (194/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional districts6th, 7th
Websitewww.volusia.org

Volusia County is part of the Deltona–Daytona Beach–Ormond Beach metropolitan statistical area, as well as part of the larger Orlando–Deltona–Daytona Beach Combined statistical area.

Etymology

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The origins of the word "Volusia" are unclear, though several theories exist:

  1. The name came from a word meaning "Land of the Euchee", from the Euchee Indians who migrated into the area after the Timucua Indian cultures declined in the early 1700s.[4] The Euchees (or Uchees) lived in the area of Spring Gardens, about 10 miles south of Volusia.[5]
  2. It was named after a British settler named Voluz, who owned a plantation located on the St. Johns River in the late 1700s.[6]
  3. The name originated from the Veluche, the surname of a French or Belgian owner of the trading post in Volusia. According to some, this was during the British regime, and according to others, it was around 1818. Over time, the name Veluche became anglicized to Volusia.[7]
  4. The town was established by and named for Jere Volusia.[8]
  5. The settlement was named by the Spanish after the celebrated Roman jurist Lucius Volusius Maecianus, who wrote 30 books and tutored Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor and philosopher.[6]

History

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Volusia on the right bank of the St. Johns River (circa 1835)
 
Timucua owl totem found near Hontoon Island in the St. Johns River, Volusia County

Volusia County was named after its largest community, Volusia, when the Florida Legislature created it by dividing Orange County on December 29, 1854. At the time, Volusia County had about 600 residents.[4]

The land area of present-day Volusia County was long inhabited by the indigenous Timucua and Mayaca peoples. Neither historic group exists today as distinct ethnic tribes, having been decimated by disease and war in the decades after contact with European traders and settlers. The large shell middens at Tomoka State Park and other evidence of their historic habitation can still be seen in various areas of Volusia County.

During the British occupation of Florida, a colony known as New Smyrna was started in southeast Volusia County by Andrew Turnbull. This colony was connected to St. Augustine, the capital of East Florida, via the Kings Road. After the failure of the colony the settlers, many of whom were ethnic Menorcan and Greek, traveled the 70 mi (110 km) to move to St. Augustine.

The Seminole Indians, descendants of the Creek tribe of Alabama and Georgia who resisted forced relocation to Indian Territory, also camped in various parts of Volusia County. During the Second Seminole War (1836–1842), the Seminole burned a large sugar plantation in what is today the city of Daytona Beach.

On the east shore of the St. Johns River in Volusia, in present-day DeBary, General Winfield Scott established a fort/depot in 1836 named Fort Florida.

Geography

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Avenue of Moss-Covered Oaks, Near Ormond, Florida -- an 1893 duotone print

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,432 square miles (3,710 km2), of which 1,101 square miles (2,850 km2) are land and 331 square miles (860 km2) (23.1%) are covered by water.[9]

Volusia County is bordered on the west by the St. Johns River and Lake Monroe, and by the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Roughly the size of Rhode Island, Volusia is situated 50 mi (80 km) northeast of Orlando, 60 mi (97 km) north of the Kennedy Space Center, and 89 mi (143 km) south of Jacksonville.

Regions

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The Volusia County government divides the county into three regions. This parallels the three calling regions used by BellSouth, the regional phone company:

Adjacent counties

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Parks and gardens

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Rivers and waterways

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Major attractions

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Politics

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Until 1952, Volusia County was reliably Democratic, with Republicans only winning it once in 1928. From 1952 to 1988, Democrats only carried the county twice, in 1964 and 1976. Democrats then gained ground again by winning the county five times in a row before the county shifted to the right from 2012 onwards.

Previous Florida Gubernatorial election results in Volusia County[10]
Year Republican Democratic
2022 64.0% 155,768 35.3% 79,965
2018 54.6% 124,819 43.9% 100,478
2014 48.8% 86,749 45.1% 79,315
2010 48.9% 77,039 46.9% 73,765
2006 50.1% 76,618 47.2% 72,216
2002 53.8% 85,594 45.4% 72,208
United States presidential election results for Volusia County, Florida[11]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 187,655 60.46% 120,072 38.68% 2,671 0.86%
2020 173,821 56.42% 130,575 42.38% 3,713 1.21%
2016 143,007 54.32% 109,091 41.44% 11,180 4.25%
2012 117,490 49.94% 114,748 48.78% 3,016 1.28%
2008 113,938 46.53% 127,795 52.19% 3,122 1.28%
2004 111,924 48.89% 115,519 50.46% 1,496 0.65%
2000 82,368 44.84% 97,313 52.98% 3,993 2.17%
1996 63,091 39.39% 78,919 49.28% 18,148 11.33%
1992 59,172 38.05% 65,223 41.94% 31,104 20.00%
1988 74,195 56.56% 55,469 42.28% 1,518 1.16%
1984 68,358 60.93% 43,820 39.06% 13 0.01%
1980 52,663 51.69% 44,513 43.69% 4,706 4.62%
1976 37,523 42.53% 49,161 55.72% 1,541 1.75%
1972 52,656 70.60% 21,637 29.01% 290 0.39%
1968 28,024 39.91% 24,987 35.58% 17,209 24.51%
1964 24,988 41.72% 34,901 58.28% 0 0.00%
1960 28,367 54.82% 23,377 45.18% 0 0.00%
1956 25,103 63.40% 14,489 36.60% 0 0.00%
1952 19,815 62.46% 11,910 37.54% 0 0.00%
1948 7,764 39.46% 9,202 46.76% 2,712 13.78%
1944 6,161 42.80% 8,233 57.20% 0 0.00%
1940 6,509 39.37% 10,024 60.63% 0 0.00%
1936 4,934 38.37% 7,924 61.63% 0 0.00%
1932 4,425 37.47% 7,386 62.53% 0 0.00%
1928 6,648 67.78% 3,043 31.03% 117 1.19%
1924 1,631 40.83% 2,042 51.11% 322 8.06%
1920 2,175 41.30% 2,763 52.47% 328 6.23%
1916 886 33.41% 1,541 58.11% 225 8.48%
1912 162 11.60% 942 67.48% 292 20.92%
1908 444 35.10% 736 58.18% 85 6.72%
1904 263 25.05% 654 62.29% 133 12.67%
1900 255 22.71% 755 67.23% 113 10.06%
1896 635 43.32% 753 51.36% 78 5.32%
1892 0 0.00% 785 85.14% 137 14.86%

Law and government

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Under Volusia County's council-manager form of government, voters elect a county council, which consists of seven members who serve four-year terms. Five are elected by district; the county chairman and at-large representative are elected county-wide.

The county council establishes ordinances and policies for the county. It also reviews and approves the county budget annually. The county council appoints a county manager, who carries out the will of the council and handles day-to-day business.

Elected officials

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County commissioners:[12]

  • County chair: Jeff Brower
  • Councilman-at-large: Jake Johansson
  • District 1 council member - Don Dempsey
  • District 2 council member - Matt Reinhart
  • District 3 council member - Danny Robins
  • District 4 council member - Troy Kent (Vice Chair)
  • District 5 council member - David Santiago

Constitutional officers, elected county-wide:[12]

  • Sheriff - Mike Chitwood
  • Clerk of the Circuit Court - Laura E. Roth
  • Property Appraiser - Larry Bartlett
  • Supervisor of Elections - Lisa Lewis
  • Tax Collector - Will Roberts

Officers of the 7th Judicial Circuit, which includes Volusia County, elected circuit-wide:

  • Chief Judge - James R. Clayton[13]
  • State Attorney - R.J. Larizza[14]
  • Public Defender - Matthew Metz[15]
  • Twenty-six other circuit judges (elected circuit-wide) and seventeen county judges (elected county-wide)[13]

County offices

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  • Thomas C. Kelly Administration Center, 123 W. Indiana Ave., DeLand 32720
  • Daytona Beach Administration Building, 250 N. Beach St., Daytona Beach 32114
  • New Smyrna Beach Administration Office, 111 Canal St., New Smyrna Beach 32168
  • Orange City Administration Office, 2744 Enterprise Rd., Orange City 32763

Justice

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The county's courts operate from facilities in both DeLand and Daytona Beach. There, they preside over a variety of cases, including felonies, misdemeanors, traffic, and domestic cases in their dockets. An elected prosecutor tries cases for the public. Defendants may find representation through the office of the elected public defender.

The power of electing the county's sheriff lies with the county's residents. The county sheriff is directly responsible to the courts, but also to the state for the enforcement of state laws. The county sheriff's deputies provide law enforcement to the unincorporated areas of Volusia County, and assist the various municipal police departments, such as the Daytona Beach Police Department.

Many volunteers work alongside the paid professionals. Included are Citizen Observer Program (COP), who are volunteers working under the direction of the county sheriff and play a part in the county's policing operations.

The Volusia County Correctional Center and the Volusia County Branch Jail are both located on U.S. Highway 92, also known as International Speedway Boulevard, which is roughly equidistant between DeLand and Daytona Beach. The county's jail imprisons inmates awaiting trial, convicted offenders who have yet to be sentenced, or those who have been sentenced for a term of a year or less. Longer sentences may be served in the Florida state prison system or alternatively in the federal prison system according to the dictates of the offense.

Libraries

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The county centrally controls 14 libraries, with DeLand and Daytona Beach-City Island being the largest two. Each library branch is administered by geographic region.

Region Libraries
Ormond Beach Region Ormond Beach Regional Library
Daytona Beach Region Daytona Beach Regional Library (Daytona Beach-City Island)
John H. Dickerson Heritage Library (Daytona Beach-Keech St.)
Hope Place Public Library
Port Orange Region Port Orange Regional Library
New Smyrna Beach Region New Smyrna Beach Regional Library
Edgewater Public Library
Oak Hill Public Library
DeLand Region DeLand Regional Library
Pierson Public Library
Deltona Region Deltona Regional Library
DeBary Public Library
Lake Helen Public Library
Orange City Public Library

Collections included 869,491 books, 83,943 videos, 58,784 audio materials, 2,051 magazines and newspapers, over 100,000 government documents, and 51 licensed databases. Personal computers for public use are hooked up on broadband in all libraries. An estimated 230,000 Volusia County residents have library cards. One library card is valid at all locations, and materials are lent between locations through a daily courier service and outside the libraries by interlibrary loan. Library cards are free for all Volusia County residents.

Depending on size, the branches have different operating hours; six are open every day of the week (Ormond Beach, Daytona Beach-City Island, Port Orange, New Smyrna Beach, DeLand, and Deltona), three are open six days a week (Edgewater, Hope Place, and DeBary), and five are open five days a week (Daytona Beach-Keech Street, Oak Hill, Pierson, Lake Helen, and Orange City).[16]

The Volusia County Library System was officially started in 1961.[17] Prior to 1961, there were small libraries throughout Volusia County that were maintained by different organizations prevalent in the county. In 1949, Charlotte Smith started an effort to organize the public library system within Volusia County.[17] In 1960, 10 libraries existed in Volusia County, however they were not connected together in a centralized library system.[17] In September 1960, state officials met with librarians and county officials to discuss how the Library Services Act could be applied to Volusia County.[17] A committee was formed to study the conditions of the libraries within the county and determine if organizing the libraries in the county into a centralized system was an appropriate move. After a year the committee found that a countywide library system would be the best course of action for the county. With the development of the Volusia County Library System, a library board was appointed by the governor and the board hired Bradley Simon to be the first director of the Volusia County Library System.[17] During this time, bookmobiles were purchased and sent to rural areas in Volusia County to provide residents there with library services. By 1962, nine public libraries and the bookmobiles were part of the Volusia County Library System, and within the next four years Holly Hill, Ormond Beach, and Orange City joined the system.[17] As new funds were made available, new construction of library facilities occurred, with many of the libraries in the Volusia County Library System being granted new buildings. In 1976 the Deltona Library opened and became the only library that the county fully owned.[17] In 1977 the Dickerson Community Center Library opened and served the black community of Daytona Beach, and is now the John H. Dickerson Heritage Library.[17] Expansion in the 1980s included the construction of buildings for the Port Orange Regional Library in 1984, the Lake Helen Public Library and the Edgewater Public Library in 1988, and the DeLand Regional Library in 1989.[17]

Voter registration

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According to the Secretary of State's office, Republicans are a plurality of registered voters in Volusia County.

Volusia County Voter Registration & Party Enrollment as of July 31, 2022[18]
Political Party Total Voters Percentage
Republican 156,689 38.44%
Democratic 125,505 30.79%
No party affiliation 117,051 28.71%
Minor parties 8,409 2.06%
Total 407,654 100.00%

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18601,158—
18701,72348.8%
18803,29491.2%
18908,467157.0%
190010,00318.1%
191016,51065.1%
192023,37441.6%
193042,75782.9%
194053,71025.6%
195074,22938.2%
1960125,31968.8%
1970169,48735.2%
1980258,76252.7%
1990370,71243.3%
2000443,34319.6%
2010494,593[1]11.6%
2020553,543[1]11.9%
2023 (est.)590,357[19]6.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[20][failed verification]
1790–1960[21] 1900–1990[22]
1990–2000[23]
Volusia County racial composition as of 2020
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
Race Pop 2010[26] Pop 2020[27] % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 372,982 379,527 75.41% 68.56%
Black or African American (NH) 49,548 55,338 10.02% 10.0%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 1,356 1,262 0.27% 0.23%
Asian (NH) 7,368 10,478 1.49% 1.89%
Pacific Islander (NH) 166 266 0.03% 0.05%
Some Other Race (NH) 778 2,692 0.16% 0.49%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 7,178 21,328 1.45% 3.85%
Hispanic or Latino 55,217 82,652 11.16% 14.93%
Total 494,593 553,543 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 553,543 people, 220,386 households, and 136,510 families residing in the county.

As of the census[28] of 2000, 443,343 people, 184,723 households, and 120,069 families were residing in the county. The population density was 402 inhabitants per square mile (155/km2). The 211,938 housing units averaged 192 per square mile (74/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 86.11% White, 9.29% African American, 0.31% Native American, 1.00% Asian, 1.86% from other races, and 1.43% from two or more races. About 6.57% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; ancestry was 13.7% German, 11.5% Irish, 11.2% English, 10.7% American, and 8.7% Italian ancestry.

Of the 184,723 households, 24.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.40% were married couples living together, 10.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.00% were not families. About 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32, and the average family size was 2.82.

In the county, the age distribution was 20.30% under 18, 8.20% from 18 to 24, 25.30% from 25 to 44, 24.20% from 45 to 64, and 22.10% at 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $35,219, and for a family was $41,767. Males had a median income of $30,573 versus $22,471 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,664. About 7.90% of families and 11.60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.30% of those under age 18 and 7.10% of those age 65 or over.

2016

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As of 2016, an estimated 205,310 households were in Volusia County. The total population was 510,806. About 86.8% spoke English as their only language, so 13.2% could speak a language other than English. The largest ancestry groups in the county were English-American at 15.7%, German-American at 12.3%, Irish-American at 11.0% and Italian-American at 7.0%.[29]

Economy

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The overall gross metro product (GMP) for Volusia County economy increased from $12.98 billion in 2005 to $13.69 billion in 2006; a $709.9 million increase. The GMP is an annual measurement of the total economic output and sales of goods and services provided within the metropolitan statistical area that comprises all of Volusia County and its 16 cities. A GMP of $13.69 billion represents a significant circulation of new capital resources in an economy populated by just over 500,000 residents.

Local consumer confidence and a continued immigration of an estimated 28,800 new residents, new capital investments for new construction exceeding $1.11 billion, and the steady growth of professional and health-care services continued to drive much of the county's economic viability.

Volusia County's manufacturing sector maintained a steady and stable position within the local economy contrary to the declining trends being experienced elsewhere within Florida. The overall number of manufacturers present within the county increased to over 430 in 2006 and accounted for a large portion of the county's GMP. Manufacturing maintains one of the highest of all average wage levels within the county and generates a higher rate of circulation of economic impact than any other business sector that comprises the local economy.

Volusia County's manufacturing sector generated an average annual wage of $37,632 in 2006, well above the county's average annual wage of $32,200 for all workers.[30]

Transportation

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Airports

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Major roads

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See also: List of county roads in Volusia County, Florida
  •   I-95 (SR 9 / Interstate 95) is the main north–south interstate highway along the east coast of the state. Eight interchanges exist within the county, three of them in Daytona Beach.
  •   I-4 (Interstate 4) is the main east–west interstate highway through Central Florida, but it also serves as the westernmost interstate highway in the county. It contains at least seven interchanges and becomes State Road 400 east of I-95.
  •   US 1 (SR 5 / Ridgewood Avenue) is the main local road through eastern Volusia County, running north–south. It served as the main north–south highway in the state and the eastern half of the county until I-95 was built.
  •   US 17 (SR 15) is the main local road through western Volusia County, running north–south. The road is named Charles Richard Beall Boulevard in DeBary, Volusia Avenue in Orange City, and Woodland Boulevard in DeLand.
  •   US 92 (SR 600), an east–west route, shares a concurrency with US 17 further south in Polk County until branching off onto the International Speedway Boulevard.
  •   SR A1A is the scenic coastal alternate route to US 1, which also includes some county road spurs and extensions.
  •   SR 11, a scenic north–south road, runs from US 17 north of DeLand to US 1 in Bunnell in Flagler County.
  •   SR 40, an east–west road in northern Volusia County enters the county from the Astor Bridge over the St. Johns River and heads east towards Ormond Beach.
  •   SR 44 (New York Avenue), an east–west road in southern Volusia County, enters the county from the Crows Bluff Bridge over the St. Johns River and heads east towards New Smyrna Beach.
  •   SR 46, an east–west road on the southwestern corner of Volusia County, enters the county from the Mims Bridge over the St. Johns River and enters Brevard County with no major junctions.
  •   SR 421 (Taylor Road / Dunlawton Avenue) is a connecting east–west road between I-95 and the Port Orange Causeway.
  •   SR 483 (Clyde Morris Boulevard), a north–south state road, it runs west of SR 5A from Port Orange to Holly Hill. It runs along the eastern border of both Daytona Beach International Airport and Daytona International Speedway.

Public transportation

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The Volusia County Parking Garage in Daytona Beach

Volusia County Public Transit System (VOTRAN) is the local bus service. The buses offer service throughout the county, Monday through Saturday, from 7 am to 7 pm, and is handicapped-accessible. Limited service is offered in East Volusia in the evenings and on Sundays. The cost is $1.25 per trip, $3.00 for a one-day bus pass, or $40 for a 31-day pass (valid for all VOTRAN routes).

Passenger train service to Volusia County is provided by Amtrak on the Silver Meteor and Silver Star routes. Service between Volusia County and Orlando is provided by SunRail, a commuter rail line running from Volusia to Orange County. The initial phase of the project commenced in 2014 and extends service to as far north as DeBary. A planned expansion was to include the DeLand Amtrak station in 2015,[35][36] but didn't actually reach the station until August 2024.[37]

Education

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Public primary and secondary education is handled by Volusia County Schools.

Public high schools

Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlando operates area Catholic schools. One of the larger private schools[citation needed] is Father Lopez Catholic High School, the sole Catholic high school in the county.[38]

Colleges and universities

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The life-sized Wright Flyer statue at the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach campus.

Vocational

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Media

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Newspapers

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Television

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Public broadcasting station WDSC-TV is located in Daytona Beach and broadcasts to 10 counties in Central Florida. Television station WESH is allocated to Daytona Beach - Orlando, and its transmission tower is located midway between those two. Otherwise, Volusia County is served by the major TV broadcasting stations in Orlando and Orange County.

Radio

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AM

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  • WELE, 1380 AM, Ormond Beach, News/Talk
  • WMFJ, 1450 AM, Daytona Beach, Religious
  • WNDB, 1150 AM, Daytona Beach, News/Talk/Sports
  • WDJZ, 1590 AM, South Daytona, Talk
  • WROD, 1340 AM, Daytona Beach, Classic Rock
  • WSBB, 1230 AM, New Smyrna Beach, Standards
  • WTJV, 1490 AM, DeLand, Spanish Language
  • WYND, 1310 AM, DeLand, Religious

FM

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  • WAPN, 91.5 FM, Holly Hill, Contemporary Christian
  • WAVX-LP, 107.1 FM, Ormond Beach, Contemporary Christian
  • WCFB, 94.5 FM, Daytona Beach, Urban Adult Contemporary
  • WHOG-FM, 95.7 FM, Ormond-by-the-Sea, Classic Rock
  • WIKD-LP, 102.5 FM, Daytona Beach, Free-Format
  • WJHM, 101.9 FM, Daytona Beach, Classic Hip Hop
  • WJLU, 89.7 FM, New Smyrna Beach, Religious
  • WJLU, 97.3 FM, DeLand, Religious
  • WKRO-FM, 93.1 FM, Port Orange, Country
  • WKTO, 88.9 FM, Edgewater, Religious
  • WLGM-LP, 93.9 FM, Edgewater
  • WNUE-FM, 98.1 FM, Deltona, Spanish Adult Hits
  • WOCL, 105.9 FM, DeLand, Oldies
  • WVYB, 103.3 FM, Holly Hill, Top 40

Communities

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Cities

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Towns

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[24][25]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "2020 Population and Housing State Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 10, 2021.
  2. ^ "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Volusia County, Florida". www.census.gov.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ a b Scofield, Tom. "What's in a name? Origins of Volusia". Volusia County. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  5. ^ Simmons, William Hayne (1822). Notices of East Florida. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press (1973 reprint). pp. 27, 28, 59. ISBN 0-8130-0400-4. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  6. ^ a b Poertner, Bo (May 10, 1997). "While Visiting France, Volusia Man Finds Possible Link To County's Name". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  7. ^ Gold, Pleasant Daniel (1927). History of Volusia County Florida. Daytona Beach, FL: Higginson Book Company (reprint). pp. 78–84. ISBN 0-8328-7061-7.
  8. ^ Hay, Thomas (January–March 1917). "The Davis-Hood-Johnston Controversy of 1864". The Journal of American History. 11 (1): 68. doi:10.2307/1891927. JSTOR 1891927.
  9. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  10. ^ Leip, Dave. "uselectionatlas". Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.
  11. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  12. ^ a b "County Officers Serving Volusia County". Volusia County Supervisor of Elections Office. 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  13. ^ a b "Seventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida – Serving Flagler, Putnam, St. Johns and Volusia Counties". Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  14. ^ "Our Offices". Office of the State Attorney. 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  15. ^ "About Us". Law Offices of Matthew Metz, Public Defender, 7th Judicial Circuit. 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  16. ^ "VCPL - Branch hours and map of locations". volusialibrary.org. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Volusia County Public Library". Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  18. ^ "Voter Registration - By County and Party". www.dos.myflorida.com. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
  19. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  20. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  21. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on March 31, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  22. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 20, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  23. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 18, 2014. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
  24. ^ "Census.gov | U.S. Census Bureau Homepage". Census.gov.
  25. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  26. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  27. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  28. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  29. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 15, 2020.
  30. ^ "Volusia County | Economic Development".
  31. ^ Everson, Al (June 13, 2023). "Small Northwest Volusia airport closes".
  32. ^ "New Smyrna Beach Municipal Airport".
  33. ^ "Airport | City of Ormond Beach, FL - Official Website". www.ormondbeach.org.
  34. ^ "Pierson Municipal Airport". townofpierson.org.
  35. ^ "Changing the Way Central Florida Travels". SunRail. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  36. ^ Downs, Noranne (April 2, 2012). "SunRail back on Track" (PDF). sunrail.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  37. ^ Myrie, Donovan (August 12, 2024). "SunRail's DeLand station is finally open. Here's what's next for the rail system". WKMG. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
  38. ^ Trimble, Linda (July 10, 2012). "Father Lopez High School gets new president". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida. Retrieved March 27, 2024. [...]Father Lopez, the only Catholic high school in Volusia and Flagler counties.
  39. ^ "Home - The West Volusia Beacon".
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