The voiced velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɡ͡ɣ⟩ and ⟨ɡ͜ɣ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_G. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɡɣ⟩ in the IPA and gG in X-SAMPA.
| Voiced velar affricate | |
|---|---|
| ɡɣ | |
| IPA number | 110 141 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| X-SAMPA | g_G |
The voiced velar affricate has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language, but it is reported as an allophone of /g/ (usually realized as a voiced velar plosive) in some dialects of Anglo-English.
Features
editFeatures of the voiced velar affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Broad Cockney[1] | good | [ˈɡ͡ɣʊˑd̥] | 'good' | Occasional allophone of /ɡ/.[2][3] See English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[3] | |||||
| Scouse[4] | Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /ɡ/.[4] See English phonology | ||||
| Slovene | sikh gre | [ˈs̪îːɡ͡ɣ ˈɡɾěː] | 'Sikh goes' | Allophone of /k͡x/ before voiced obstruents. See Slovene phonology | |
Notes
edit- ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
- ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
- ^ a b Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
- ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
References
edit- Cruttenden, Alan (2014), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092
- Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.