The voiced palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨ɟ͡ʝ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʝ⟩, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_j\. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨ɟʝ⟩ in the IPA and J\j\ in X-SAMPA.
| Voiced palatal affricate | |
|---|---|
| ɟʝ | |
| IPA number | 108 (139) |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity (decimal) | ɟ͡ʝ |
| Unicode (hex) | U+025F U+0361 U+029D |
| X-SAMPA | J\_j\ |
This sound is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.
It occurs in languages such as Albanian, and Skolt Sami, among others. The voiced palatal affricate is quite rare; it is mostly absent from Europe as a phoneme (it occurs as an allophone in most Spanish dialects), with the aforementioned Uralic languages and Albanian being exceptions. It usually occurs with its voiceless counterpart, the voiceless palatal affricate.
Features
editFeatures of the voiced palatal affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence. It is not a sibilant.
- Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
edit| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanian | Standard[1] | gjë | [ɟ͡ʝə] | 'thing' | |
| Asturian | Western dialects[2] | muyyer | [muˈɟ͡ʝeɾ] | 'woman' | Alternate evolution of -lj-, -c'l-, pl-, cl- and fl- in the Brañas Vaqueiras area of Western Asturias. May be also realized as [c] or [c͡ç] |
| Makassarese[3] | jarang | [ˈɟ͡ʝa.rãŋ] | 'horse' | Phonemicized as /ɟ/. | |
| Norwegian | Central and Western dialects[4] | leggja | [leɟ͡ja] | 'lay' | See Norwegian phonology |
| Skolt Sami | vuõˊlǧǧem | [vʲuɘlɟ͡ʝːɛm] | 'I leave' | Contrasts with [d͡ʒ], [ʒ] and [ʝ]. See Skolt Sami language | |
| Spanish | Castilian[5] | yate | [ˈɟ͡jate̞] | 'yacht' | Occurs only in the onset. In free variation with the fricative/approximant /ʝ/ elsewhere. See Spanish phonology |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Palatal controversies Péter Siptár(2013)
- ^ "Tinéu. Mapa del conceyu | El Teixu" (in Asturian). Retrieved 2019-11-24.
- ^ Jukes, Anthony, "Makassar" in K. Alexander Adelaar & Nikolaus Himmelmann, 2005, The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar, pp. 649-682, London, Routledge ISBN 0-7007-1286-0
- ^ Skjekkeland (1997:96–100)
- ^ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003:258)
References
edit- Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
- Menéndez García, Manuel (1965), El Cuarto de los Valles (Un habla del occidente astur) (in Spanish), IDEA, pp. 147–148
- Skjekkeland, Martin (1997), Dei norske dialektane: Tradisjonelle særdrag i jamføring med skriftmåla (in Norwegian), Høyskoleforlaget (Norwegian Academic Press)