Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report

The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report was first published in 2007 by the World Economic Forum (WEF).^[1] The index measures the attractiveness of a country as a place to develop business in the travel and tourism industry, rather than a country's attractiveness as a tourist destination. The report ranks countries according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI). The TTCI scores from 1 to 6 the performance of a given country in each specific subindex. The overall index is made of three main subindexes: (1) regulatory framework; (2) business environment and infrastructure; and (3) human, cultural, and natural resources. The report also includes country profiles with key indicators from the World Bank, the World Tourism Organization and the World Travel and Tourism Council. From the 2021 report, WEF publishes the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) as an evolution of the TTCI.^[2]

Variables

For the 2008 index, each of the three main subindexes is made of the scoring of the following 14 variables, called pillars in the TTC Report. Several changes were introduced in the 2008 TTCI in the definition of the variables as compared to the definitions of the 2007 TTCI.^[3] First, the “environmental regulation” pillar was improved with help from the IUCN and the UNWTO, and for the 2008 index was renamed the “environmental sustainability” pillar to “better reflect its components and to capture the increasingly recognized importance of sustainability in the sector’s development.”^[4] Second, the original pillar “natural and cultural resources” was divided into two separate subcomponents: “natural resources” and “cultural resources”, thus, allowing to differentiate those countries which do not necessarily have the same strengths or weaknesses in these two different resources. In general, the model was improved with better data and new concepts were introduced.^[3] The 2009 and 2011 reports kept the same 14 variables.^[5]^[6]

Pillars by Subindexes (2021–)^[2]
Subindex A: Enabling Environment Pillar 1: Business Environment Pillar 2: Safety and Security Pillar 3: Health and Hygiene Pillar 4: Human Resources and Labour Market Qualification of the labour force Pillar 5: ICT Readiness Subindex B: T&T Policy and Enabling Conditions Pillar 6: Prioritization of T&T Pillar 7: International Openness Pillar 8: Price Competitiveness Subindex C: Infrastructure Pillar 9: Air Transport Infrastructure Pillar 10: Ground and Port Infrastructure Pillar 11: Tourist Service Infrastructure Subindex D: T&T Demand Drivers Pillar 12: Natural Resources Pillar 13: Cultural Resources Pillar 14: Non-Leisure Resources Subindex E: T&T Sustainability Pillar 15: Environmental Sustainability Climate Change Exposure and Management Pillar 16: Socioeconomic Resilience and Conditions Pillar 17: T&T Demand Pressure and Impact

Pillars by Subindexes (2015–)
SUBINDEX A: ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Pillar 1: Business Environment Pillar 2: Safety and Security Pillar 3: Health and Hygiene Pillar 4: Human Resources and Labour Market Pillar 5: ICT Readiness SUBINDEX B: T&T POLICY AND ENABLING CONDITIONS Pillar 6: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism Pillar 7: International Openness Pillar 8: Price Competitiveness Pillar 9: Environmental Sustainability SUBINDEX C: INFRASTRUCTURE Pillar 10: Air Transport Infrastructure Pillar 11: Ground and Port Infrastructure Pillar 12: Tourist Service Infrastructure SUBINDEX D: NATURAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Pillar 13: Natural Resources Pillar 14: Cultural Resources and Business Travel

Pillars by Subindexes (–2013)
Regulatory framework	Business environment and infrastructure	Human, cultural, and natural resources
Policy rules and regulations	Air transport infrastructure	Human resources
Environmental sustainability	Ground transport infrastructure	Affinity for Travel & Tourism
Safety and security	Tourism infrastructure	Natural resources
Health and hygiene	Information and Communications Techn. infrastr.	Cultural resources
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism	Price competitiveness in T&T industry