Wikipedia

Timeline of the 1994 Pacific hurricane season

The 1994 Pacific hurricane season consisted of the events that occurred in the annual cycle of tropical cyclogenesis over the Pacific Ocean north of the Equator and east of the International Date Line. The official bounds of each Pacific hurricane season are dates that conventionally delimit the period each year during which tropical cyclones tend to form in the basin according to the National Hurricane Center, beginning on May 15 in the Eastern Pacific proper (east of 140°W) and on June 1 in the Central Pacific (140°W to the International Date Line), and ending on November 30 in both areas.[2] Activity in the 1994 season was considerably greater than average, particularly in the Central Pacific; tropical cyclones generally formed and intensified farther west than normal due in part to above-average sea surface temperatures over the southeastern portion of the Central Pacific and the prevalence of a large anticyclone near 140°W for much of July and August.[3] El Niño conditions, which tend to cause increased tropical cyclone activity over the Pacific Ocean, were also present.[4] Despite the high activity, the season had an unusually late start;[5] it did not commence until the formation of Tropical Storm Aletta on June 18. The season ended on October 26 with the dissipation of Tropical Storm Nona.

Timeline of the
1994 Pacific hurricane season
A map of the tracks of all the storms of the 1994 Pacific hurricane season.
Season summary map
Season boundaries
First system formedJune 18, 1994
Last system dissipatedOctober 26, 1994
Strongest system
By maximum sustained windsJohn
Maximum winds175 mph (280 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure929 mbar (hPa; 27.43 inHg)
By central pressureGilma
Maximum winds160 mph (260 km/h)
(1-minute sustained)
Lowest pressure920 mbar (hPa; 27.17 inHg)
Longest lasting system
NameJohn
Duration18.75[nb 1] days
Storm articles
Other years
1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996

A total of twenty-two tropical depressions formed, with all but two strengthening into named tropical storms; ten became hurricanes, of which five became major hurricanes (Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson scale).[3][6] Three hurricanes – Emilia, Gilma, and John – reached Category 5 intensity, the highest rating on the scale. This set a record for most Category 5 hurricanes in one season since records began in 1971, which would later be tied in 2002 and 2018.[7] Hurricane John traversed the Pacific Ocean for 8,190 miles (13,180 km), making it the farthest-traveling tropical cyclone on record worldwide.[8][9] Lasting for thirty days,[nb 2] John was also the longest-lived tropical cyclone on record globally until Cyclone Freddy, which spent at least thirty-four days as a tropical cyclone in February and March 2023.[11][12][13] The storms of the 1994 season collectively generated an Accumulated Cyclone Energy index of 185.2 units, which is the eleventh-highest on record for a Pacific hurricane season as of March 2024.[nb 3][15]

Only one tropical cyclone, Hurricane Rosa in October, caused fatalities or made landfall during the 1994 season. It struck the Mexican state of Sinaloa at Category 2 strength, killing five people in the country.[3] Proceeding rapidly northeastward across Mexico and into the United States after landfall, the storm and its remnants caused disastrous flooding in southeastern Texas that claimed more than twenty lives and wrought at least $700 million (1994 USD) in damage.[16] Earlier in the season, Tropical Depression One-C and Hurricane John caused minor impacts in the Central Pacific. Heavy rainfall from One-C generated substantial flooding on the Big Island of Hawaii, resulting in damages estimated at up to $5 million (1994 USD).[6] After weakening greatly from its peak intensity, John passed about 15 mi (30 km) to the north of Johnston Atoll as a strong Category 1 hurricane; high winds caused $15 million (1994 USD) in damage.[6]

Prior to 2015, two time zones were utilized in the Eastern Pacific basin: Pacific east of 140°W, and Hawaii−Aleutian from 140°W to the International Date Line.[17][18] For convenience, each event is listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) first, using the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC),[19] with the respective local time included in parentheses. Figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest five units (knots, miles, or kilometers) and averaged over one minute, following National Hurricane Center practice. Direct wind observations are rounded to the nearest whole number. Atmospheric pressures are listed to the nearest millibar and nearest hundredth of an inch of mercury. This timeline documents the formation of tropical cyclones as well as the strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It also includes information that was not released while the storm was active, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center is included.

Timeline of events

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Hurricane Rosa (1994)Hurricane John (1994)Hurricane Gilma (1994)Hurricane Emilia (1994)Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

May

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May 15

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  • The 1994 Eastern Pacific hurricane season officially begins.[2]
  • No tropical cyclones formed in May.

June

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June 1

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  • The 1994 Central Pacific hurricane season officially begins.[2]

June 18

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Storm path of Tropical Storm Aletta

June 19

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June 20

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June 21

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June 23

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June 27

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Satellite image of Tropical Storm Bud shortly after being upgraded and receiving a name late on June 27

June 28

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June 29

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June 30

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Satellite image of Hurricane Carlotta near peak intensity late on June 30

July

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July 1

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July 2

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July 4

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July 5

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July 8

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Satellite image of Tropical Storm Daniel near peak intensity late on July 10

July 9

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July 11

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July 14

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July 16

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Storm path of Hurricane Emilia

July 17

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July 18

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July 19

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The eye of Hurricane Emilia as seen from satellite on July 19, with mesovortices visible

July 20

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July 21

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July 22

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July 23

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Storm path of Tropical Storm Fabio

July 24

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July 25

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Satellite image of Hurricane Gilma at peak intensity late on July 24

July 26

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July 27

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July 30

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July 31

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August

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August 2

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Storm path of Hurricane Li, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 12 to August 18[nb 6]

August 3

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August 7

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August 8

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Satellite image of Tropical Storm Hector just after peak intensity late on August 8

August 9

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August 10

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August 11

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Storm path of Tropical Depression One-C

August 12

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Satellite image of Hurricane Ileana at peak intensity late on August 12

August 13

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August 14

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August 15

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Storm path of Tropical Depression Twelve-E

August 20

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August 21

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August 22

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August 23

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Satellite image of Hurricane John near peak intensity south of Hawaii early on August 23

August 24

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August 25

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August 26

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August 27

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August 28

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August 30

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Satellite image of Hurricane Kristy near peak intensity late on August 31

August 31

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September

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September 1

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September 2

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September 3

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September 4

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Satellite image of Hurricane Lane near peak intensity late on September 6

September 5

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September 6

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September 7

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Satellite image of Tropical Depression Two-C late on September 6, shortly before the system became a tropical storm and received the name Mele

September 8

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September 9

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September 10

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Storm path of Hurricane John, including the time it spent west of the International Date Line from August 28 to September 8

September 15

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September 17

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September 18

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Storm path of Tropical Storm Miriam

September 19

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September 20

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September 21

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Storm path of Tropical Storm Norman

September 22

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September 24

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September 25

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Satellite image of Hurricane Olivia near peak intensity on September 25

September 26

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September 27

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September 28

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Satellite image of Tropical Storm Paul just prior to peak intensity late on September 26

September 29

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September 30

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October

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October 8

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October 11

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October 12

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Satellite image of a strengthening Hurricane Rosa approaching the Mexican coast on October 13

October 13

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October 14

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October 15

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October 21

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Satellite image of Tropical Depression Three-C, which would later become a tropical storm and receive the name Nona, on October 22

October 25

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October 26

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November

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  • No tropical cyclones were active in November.

November 30

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  • The 1994 Pacific hurricane season officially ends.[2]

Notes

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  1. ^ Hurricane John was a tropical cyclone for longer than 18.75 days. It crossed the International Date Line on August 28 and entered the Western Pacific basin, where it spent 11.25 days before crossing back into the Central Pacific basin, giving it a total of 30 days as a tropical cyclone.[1]
  2. ^ While the National Hurricane Center stated in their preliminary report on Hurricane John that the system was a tropical cyclone for 31 days,[10] the Eastern and Central Pacific hurricane database (HURDAT) lists 121 data points at six-hour intervals for John, including one for the storm's extratropical transition, for a total of 30 days as a tropical cyclone.[1]
  3. ^ Broadly speaking, Accumulated Cyclone Energy is the square of a tropical cyclone's wind intensity in knots at six-hour intervals, multiplied by the length of time it existed.[14]
  4. ^ In their post-storm reports on Hurricane Emilia, the National Hurricane Center and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center disagreed on the system's maximum wind intensity. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center's report on all 1994 tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility stated that Emilia reached Category 5 intensity at 18:00 UTC on July 19.[6] However, the National Hurricane Center's Premilinary Report on the storm stated that it reached peak winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) – a high-end Category 4 hurricane – at 06:00 UTC on July 19, and maintained these winds for nearly two days.[27][28] The National Hurricane Center has since amended HURDAT to list Emilia as a Category 5 hurricane for six hours starting at 18:00 UTC on July 19.[1]
  5. ^ The Central Pacific Hurricane Center stated in their post-season report that Hurricane Emilia regained Category 5 status at 12:00 UTC on July 20 and maintained it for 12 hours.[6] However, HURDAT maintains Emilia as a high-end Category 4 hurricane during this period.[1]
  6. ^ The status of Li between August 5 and August 8 is unclear. The Central Pacific Hurricane Center stated in their report on the tropical cyclones which occurred in their area of responsibility in 1994 that Li's organization became poor enough to merit discontinuation of advisories, entertaining the prospect that the system was a remnant low during this time;[6] however, HURDAT maintains Li as a tropical cyclone throughout its existence.[1]
  7. ^ Operationally, advisories were not initiated on Tropical Depression Eleven-E (future Hurricane Ileana) until 15:00 UTC on August 11, by which time it was already a tropical storm;[38] advisories were initiated on Tropical Depression Ten-E (future Hurricane John) six hours prior at 09:00 UTC,[39] resulting in that system receiving an earlier number despite forming 18 hours after Eleven-E.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ a b c d "Tropical Cyclone Climatology". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved March 18, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Pasch, Richard J.; Mayfield, Max (July 1, 1996). "Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 1994". Monthly Weather Review. 124 (7). American Meteorological Society: 1579–1590. Bibcode:1996MWRv..124.1579P. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1579:ENPHSO>2.0.CO;2.
  4. ^ Hablutzel, Benjamin; Rosendal, Hans; Weyman, James; Hoag, Jonathan. "The 1997 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Pasch, Richard J. (October 25, 1994). Tropical Storm Aletta Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn Tropical Cyclones 1994 (PDF) (Report). Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  7. ^ Masters, Jeff (November 28, 2018). "A Hyperactive 2018 Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Ends". Weather Underground. The Weather Company. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  8. ^ "TCFAQ E7) What is the farthest a tropical cyclone has traveled?". Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  9. ^ "Tropical Cyclone: Longest Distance Traveled by Tropical Cyclone". World Meteorological Organization via Arizona State University. Archived from the original on December 3, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  10. ^ a b c d e f Lawrence, Miles (January 3, 1995). Hurricane John Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  11. ^ Donegan, Brian (March 11, 2023). "Ferocious Freddy slams into Mozambique for second time in 2 weeks". Fox Weather. New York City, New York. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  12. ^ Southern Africa: Snapshot of Tropical Cyclone Freddy's Impact (February – March 2023) (Report). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. May 13, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  13. ^ Lang, Stephen; Reed, Jacob (March 16, 2023). "NASA Tracks Freddy, Longest-lived Tropical Cyclone on Record". Scientific Visualization Studio. NASA. Archived from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  14. ^ "Background information: Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season". United States Climate Prediction Center. May 22, 2019. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  15. ^ "Basin Archives: Northeast Pacific Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Archived from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  16. ^ Liscum, Fred; East, Jeffery W. (January 1995). Floods in Southeast Texas, October 1994 (PDF) (Report). United States Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  17. ^ "NHC Tropical Cyclone Text Product Descriptions". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on July 10, 2024. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
  18. ^ "Update on NHC Products and Services for 2015" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. March 26, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2023. Retrieved July 13, 2024.
  19. ^ "Understanding the Date/Time Stamps". Silver Spring, Maryland: National Weather Service. Archived from the original on February 26, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  20. ^ a b c d e f Pasch, Richard J. (October 25, 1994). Tropical Storm Aletta Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  21. ^ a b c d e Rappaport, Edward N. (July 22, 1994). Tropical Storm Bud Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  22. ^ a b c d e f Rappaport, Edward N. (July 22, 1994). Tropical Storm Bud Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 23, 2024. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Avila, Lixion A. (July 21, 1994). Hurricane Carlotta Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Avila, Lixion A. (July 21, 1994). Hurricane Carlotta Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d e Mayfield, Max (October 15, 1994). Tropical Storm Daniel Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  26. ^ a b c d e f Mayfield, Max (October 15, 1994). Tropical Storm Daniel Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  27. ^ a b c d e Lawrence, Miles (August 13, 1994). Hurricane Emilia Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lawrence, Miles (August 13, 1994). Hurricane Emilia Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  29. ^ a b c Mayfield, Max (October 15, 1994). Tropical Storm Fabio Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  30. ^ a b c d e f Mayfield, Max (October 15, 1994). Tropical Storm Fabio Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  31. ^ a b c d e Pasch, Richard J. (January 20, 1995). Hurricane Gilma Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pasch, Richard J. (January 20, 1995). Hurricane Gilma Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  33. ^ a b Pasch, Richard J. (January 20, 1995). Hurricane Gilma Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  34. ^ a b c d Rappaport, Edward N. (October 20, 1994). Tropical Depression Eight-E Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  35. ^ a b c d Avila, Lixion A. (September 20, 1994). Tropical Storm Hector Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  36. ^ a b c d e Avila, Lixion A. (September 20, 1994). Tropical Storm Hector Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  37. ^ a b Rappaport, Edward N. (October 20, 1994). Tropical Depression Eight-E Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 5, 2024. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  38. ^ Rappaport, Edward (August 11, 1994). Tropical Depression Eleven-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 20, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  39. ^ Lawrence, Miles (August 11, 1994). Tropical Depression Ten-E Discussion Number 1 (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  40. ^ a b c d e f Mayfield, Max (October 17, 1994). Hurricane Ileana Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  41. ^ a b c d e f Mayfield, Max (October 17, 1994). Hurricane Ileana Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on July 15, 2023. Retrieved March 5, 2024.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h Lawrence, Miles (January 3, 1995). Hurricane John Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  43. ^ a b c d Pasch, Richard J. (January 13, 1995). Tropical Depression Twelve-E Preliminary Report (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lawrence, Miles (January 3, 1995). Hurricane John Preliminary Report (Page Four) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  45. ^ a b c Lawrence, Miles (January 3, 1995). Hurricane John Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g Rappaport, Edward N. (October 17, 1994). Hurricane Kristy Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  47. ^ a b c d e f Rappaport, Edward N. (October 17, 1994). Hurricane Kristy Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  48. ^ a b c d Rappaport, Edward N. (October 17, 1994). Hurricane Kristy Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g Avila, Lixion A. (October 19, 1994). Hurricane Lane Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Avila, Lixion A. (October 19, 1994). Hurricane Lane Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  51. ^ a b c d Lawrence, Miles (January 3, 1995). Hurricane John Preliminary Report (Page Five) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
  52. ^ a b c d e Lawrence, Miles (October 30, 1994). Tropical Storm Miriam Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Lawrence, Miles (October 30, 1994). Tropical Storm Miriam Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  54. ^ a b c d Mayfield, Max (October 17, 1994). Tropical Storm Norman Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  55. ^ a b c d e Mayfield, Max (October 17, 1994). Tropical Storm Norman Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  56. ^ a b c d Pasch, Richard J. (January 13, 1995). Hurricane Olivia Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  57. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Pasch, Richard J. (January 13, 1995). Hurricane Olivia Preliminary Report (Page Four) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  58. ^ a b c d Rappaport, Edward N. (October 18, 1994). Tropical Storm Paul Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  59. ^ a b c d e Rappaport, Edward N. (October 18, 1994). Tropical Storm Paul Preliminary Report (Page Three) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  60. ^ a b c d e Pasch, Richard J. (January 13, 1995). Hurricane Olivia Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  61. ^ a b c d e f Avila, Lixion A. (November 22, 1994). Hurricane Rosa Preliminary Report (Page One) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  62. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Avila, Lixion A. (November 22, 1994). Hurricane Rosa Preliminary Report (Page Two) (GIF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on March 9, 2024. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
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