A syllabus (/ˈsɪləbəs/; pl.: syllabuses[1] or syllabi[2])[3] or specification is a document that communicates information about an academic course or class and defines expectations and responsibilities. It is generally an overview or summary of the curriculum. A syllabus may be set out by an examination board or prepared by the tutor or instructor who teaches or controls the course. The syllabus is usually handed out and reviewed in the first class. It can also be available online or electronically transmitted as an e-syllabus.[4]
The word is also used more generally for an abstract or programme of knowledge, and is best known in this sense as referring to two catalogues published by the Catholic Church in 1864 and 1907 condemning certain doctrinal positions.[5]
Etymology
editAccording to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word syllabus derives from modern Latin syllabus 'list', in turn from a misreading of the Greek σίττυβος sittybos (the leather parchment label that gave the title and contents of a document), which first occurred in a 15th-century print of Cicero's letters to Atticus.[1][6] Earlier Latin dictionaries such as Lewis and Short contain the word syllabus,[7] relating it to the non-existent Greek word σύλλαβος, which appears to be a mistaken reading of syllaba 'syllable'; the newer Oxford Latin Dictionary does not contain this word.[8][self-published source?] The apparent change from sitty- to sylla- is explained as a hypercorrection by analogy to συλλαμβάνω (syllambano 'bring together, gather').[8]
Chambers Dictionary agrees that it derives from the Greek for a book label, but claims that the original Greek was a feminine noun, sittybā, σίττυβα, borrowed by Latin, the misreading coming from an accusative plural Latin sittybas.[9]
Modern research
editIn a 2002 study, Parks and Harris suggest "a syllabus can serve students as a model of professional thinking and writing".[10] They also believe effective learning requires a complex interaction of skills, such as time management, prioritization of tasks, technology use, etc., and that a syllabus can promote the development of these skills.
In 2005, Slattery & Carlson describe the syllabus as a "contract between faculty members and their students, designed to answer student's questions about a course, as well as inform them about what will happen should they fail to meet course expectations". They promote using action verbs (identify, analyze, evaluate) as opposed to passive verbs (learn, recognize, understand) when creating course goals.[11] Habanek stresses the importance of the syllabus as a "vehicle for expressing accountability and commitment."[12]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "syllabus". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary <https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/syllabus>
- ^ "syllabus". Cambridge Dictionary.
- ^ Gifford, Jack (2003). The Syllabus / E-Syllabus for the 21st Century. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 4. ISBN 0761824995.
- ^ Chambers Dictionary, 1998, p. 1674.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary - Syllabus". Retrieved 22 August 2012.
- ^ syllabus. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
- ^ a b "The Curious and Quibbling History of "Syllabus" (part 2)". Epekteinomene. 23 July 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
- ^ Chambers Dictionary, 1998, p. 1674.
- ^ Parks, J.; Harris, M.B. (2002). "The purpose of a syllabus". College Teaching. 50 (2): 55–61. doi:10.1080/87567550209595875. S2CID 143065377.
- ^ Slattery, J.M.; Carlson, J.F. (2005). "Preparing an effective syllabus: current best practices". College Teaching. 54 (4): 159–164. doi:10.3200/CTCH.53.4.159-164. S2CID 144466211.
- ^ Habanek, D.V. (2005). "An examination of the integrity of the syllabus". College Teaching. 53 (2): 62–64. doi:10.3200/ctch.53.2.62-64. S2CID 143816313.