Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid (Arabic: سعود بن عبدالعزيز الرشيد Suʿūd ibn ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Rašid; 1898 – 1920) was the tenth Emir of Jabal Shammar between 1908 and 1920.[1]
| Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Rashid | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Emir of Jabal Shammar | |
| Reign | 1908 - 1920 |
| Predecessor | Saud bin Hamoud |
| Successor | Abdullah bin Mutaib |
| Regent | Hamoud bin Sabhan Al Sabhan Zamil bin Salem Al Sabhan Saud bin Saleh Al Sabhan Aqab bin Jaza Al Ajil |
| Born | 1898 Ha'il |
| Died | March 29, 1920 (aged 21–22) |
| Spouse | Fahda bint Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari |
| Issue | Mishaal bin Saud Al Rashid Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Rashid Muhammad bin Saud Al Rashid Saud bin Saud Al Rashid |
| House | House of Rashid |
| Father | Abdulaziz bin Mutaib |
| Mother | Moudi bint Sabhan Al Sabhan |
Early life
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Saud was born around 1898. He was born to Abdulaziz bin Mutaib Al Rashid, the reigning Rashidi emir at the time, and Moudi bint Sabhan Al Sabhan, who had previously been married to Muhammad bin Abdullah Al Rashid.[2] On April 12 1906, his father was killed in the Battle of Rawdat Muhanna, with Saud's older half-brother, Mutaib, succeeding him as emir. Mutaib's maternal uncles Saud, Faisal, and Sultan bin Hamoud Al Rashid vied for power however, and on December 31, 1906,[3] he and his two full brothers Mishaal and Muhammad were killed by them. Saud was saved and taken to Medina by his uncle Hamoud bin Sabhan Al Sabhan.[4] Sultan bin Hamoud Al Rashid then became emir, though he was vastly unpopular, and he and his brothers agreed that he should go to Tayma and Saud bin Hamoud Al Rashid become emir. When he left, however, Saud was informed that he had taken all the treasure and thus he summoned the townspeople, and caught up with him at Mogug, killing him. In September 1908, Hamoud bin Sabhan Al Sabhan returned from Medina and killed Saud bin Hamoud, proclaiming ten-year-old Saud bin Abdulaziz as emir.[5]
Reign
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Hamoud ruled as regent on Saud's behalf until his death in 1909. He was succeeded as regent by another member of the Al Sabhan family, Zamil bin Salem Al Sabhan.[6] Zamil ruled until 1914 when Saud and his cousin Saud bin Saleh Al Sabhan conspired his assassination, supposedly in part due to a dispute over whether to cut off relations with Ibn Saud, which Zamil favored keeping, while Saud was pro-Turk and opposed.[7] After the assassination of Zamil, Saud gained control over the emirate and Saud Al Sabhan became his minister.[8]
During World War I, Saud allied himself with the Ottoman Empire. He launched Battle of Jarrab against Ibn Saud in 1915, which resulted in a Rashidi victory after the removal of Ajman forces from Saudi side and the death of Ibn Saud's British advisor, William Shakespear. His rule was influenced by his grandmother Fatima bint Zamel Al Sabhan, who hated the Saudis and Wahhabism and managed the treasury.
In 1920, he was assassinated by his cousin, Abdullah bin Talal. One of his widows, Fahda bint Asi bin Shuraim Al Shammari of the Abda section of the Shammar tribe, remarried Ibn Saud, becoming his ninth wife and the mother of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia.
References
edit- ^ Madawi al-Rasheed (1991). Politics in an Arabian Oasis. The Rashidis of Saudi Arabia. New York: I. B. Tauirs & Co. Ltd. ISBN 9781860641930.
- ^ 'Personalities, Arabia'. British Library: India Office Records and Private Papers. April 1917. p. 91. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ al-Harbi, Dalal Mukhlid (2008). Prominent Women from Central Arabia. Ithaca Press. p. 74. ISBN 9780863723278. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Bell, Gertrude Margaret Lowthian (26 February 1914). "Diary entry by Gertrude Bell". Diary Written by Gertrude Bell While Travelling in the Middle East in 1913 and 1914. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Bell, Gertrude Margaret Lowthian (9 March 1914). "Diary entry by Gertrude Bell". Diary Written by Gertrude Bell While Travelling in the Middle East in 1913 and 1914. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Baran, Michael John (1992). The Rashidi Amirate of Hayl: The Rise, Development and Decline of a Premodern Arabian Principality. University of Michigan.
- ^ Petermann, August; Behm, Ernst; Supan, Alexander; Langhans, Paul Max Harry; Creutzburg, Nikolaus; Haack, Hermann (1917). Dr. A. Petermanns Mitteilungen aus Justus Perthes' geographischer Anstalt. p. 85. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Khazʻal, Ḥusayn Khalaf Shaykh (1962). Tārīkh al-Kuwayt al-siyāsī. Maṭbaʻat Dār al-Kutub. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
External links
editAl Rasheed on hukam.net, with pictures and flags. (in Arabic)
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