Portal:Trees

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In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees.

Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some trees reaching several thousand years old. Trees evolved around 370 million years ago, and it is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world currently.

A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk, which typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees the trunk is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development.

Trees usually reproduce using seeds. Flowering plants have their seeds inside fruits, while conifers carry their seeds in cones, and tree ferns produce spores instead.

Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In much of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of land available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always been revered, with sacred groves in various cultures, and they play a role in many of the world's mythologies. (Full article...)

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Acer pseudoplatanus in the Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe, Kassel, Germany

Acer pseudoplatanus, known as the sycamore in the British Isles and as the sycamore maple in the United States, is a species of maple native to Central Europe and Western Asia. It is a large deciduous, broad-leaved tree, tolerant of wind and coastal exposure.

Although native to an area ranging from France eastward to Ukraine, northern Turkey and the Caucasus, and southward to the mountains of Italy and northern Iberia, the sycamore establishes itself easily from seed and was introduced to the British Isles by 1500. It is now naturalised there and in other parts of Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, where it may become an invasive species. (Full article...)

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... that President Bill Clinton said he would personally pay the bill to keep the National Christmas Tree (pictured) lit during the government shutdown resulting from disagreements on the 1996 federal budget?
... that global precedence is the tendency to see the forest, and not the trees?
... that the mistletoe species Amyema congener of eastern Australia can grow on non-native peach, plum and pear trees?
... that foliage from the Australian rainforest tree Grevillea baileyana was used in the floral arrangements handed to medal winners at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney?
... that most of the habitat of the vulnerable tree Eucalyptus benthamii has disappeared under Warragamba Dam or been cleared?
... that the inspiration for the Paustian House in Copenhagen came to architect Jørn Utzon while he was walking through a forest of beech trees?
... that Washington was the second largest tree of its kind until its collapse in 2005?

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Forest rings are large, circular patterns of low tree density in the boreal forests of northern Canada. These rings can range from 50 metres (160 ft) to nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) in diameter, with rims about 20 metres (66 ft) in thickness. The origin of forest rings is not known, despite several mechanisms for their creation having been proposed. Such hypotheses include radially growing fungus, buried kimberlite pipes, trapped gas pockets, and meteorite impact craters. (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various tree-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Form, leaves and reproductive structures of queen sago, Cycas circinalis (from Tree)
Image 2European larch (Larix decidua), a coniferous tree which is also deciduous (from Tree)
Image 3Garibaldi Provincial Park, British Columbia (from Forest)
Image 4Since the 13th century, the Niepołomice Forest in Poland has had special use and protection. In this view from space, different coloration can indicate different functions. (from Forest)
Image 5People trees, by Pooktre (from Tree)
Image 6Priest River winding through Whitetail Butte with lots of forestry to the east—these lot patterns have existed since the mid-19th century. The white patches reflect areas with younger, smaller trees, where winter snow cover shows up brightly to the astronauts. Dark green-brown squares are parcels (from Forest)
Image 7Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tapped to collect sap for maple syrup (from Tree)
Image 8Temperate rainforest in Tasmania's Hellyer Gorge (from Forest)
Image 9A forest near Vinitsa, North Macedonia (from Forest)
Image 10Palms and cycads as they might have appeared in the middle Tertiary (from Tree)
Image 11Buds, leaves, flowers and fruit of pedunculate oak, Quercus robur (from Tree)
Image 12Yggdrasil, the World Ash of Norse mythology (from Tree)
Image 13Buttress roots of the kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) (from Tree)
Image 14Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior), a deciduous broad-leaved (angiosperm) tree (from Tree)
Image 15Fraxinus excelsior (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 16Proportion of forest in protected areas, by region, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 17Northern beech (Fagus sylvatica) trunk in autumn (from Tree)
Image 18A young red pine (Pinus resinosa) with spread of roots visible, as a result of soil erosion (from Tree)
Image 19Share of forest area in total land area, top countries (2021) (from Forest)
Image 20An avenue of London planes (Platanus × hispanica) in a garden in Belgium. (from Tree)
Image 21Burned forest on Thasos (from Forest)
Image 22Recently stripped cork oak (Quercus suber) (from Tree)
Image 23The Daintree Rainforest (from Tree)
Image 24Spiny forest at Ifaty, Madagascar, featuring various Adansonia (baobab) species, Alluaudia procera (Madagascar ocotillo) and other vegetation (from Forest)
Image 25Diagram of secondary growth in a eudicot or coniferous tree showing idealised vertical and horizontal sections. A new layer of wood is added in each growing season, thickening the stem, existing branches and roots. (from Tree)
Image 26Wind dispersed seed of elm (Ulmus), ash (Fraxinus) and maple (Acer) (from Tree)
Image 27Forest in the Scottish Highlands (from Forest)
Image 28Broadleaf forest in Bhutan (from Forest)
Image 29Even, dense old-growth stand of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) prepared to be regenerated by their saplings in the understory, in the Brussels part of the Sonian Forest. (from Forest)
Image 30Rowan tree in Wicklow, Ireland (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 31Roof trusses made from softwood (from Tree)
Image 32Yellow cassia, an ornamental tree with yellow flowers (from Tree)
Image 33Tall herbaceous monocotyledonous plants such as banana lack secondary growth, but are trees under the broadest definition. (from Tree)
Image 34Share of land that is covered by forest (from Forest)
Image 35Olive trees in Pakistan (from Trees of Pakistan)
Image 36Cracked thorny skin of a Aesculus tree seed (from Tree)
Image 37Latvian Pine Forest in Ķegums Municipality (from Forest)
Image 384000 years old Cypress of Abarqu is the oldest tree in Iran and the second oldest tree in the world. (from List of trees of Iran)
Image 39Informal upright style of bonsai on a juniper tree (from Tree)
Image 40Redwood tree in northern California redwood forest, where many redwood trees are managed for preservation and longevity, rather than being harvested for wood production (from Forest)
Image 41The Amazon rainforest alongside the Solimões River, a tropical rainforest. These forests are the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems in the world. (from Forest)
Image 42Selling firewood at a market (from Tree)
Image 43Dormant buds of ash, Fraxinus excelsior (from Tree)
Image 44Casentinesi Forests, Italy (from Forest)
Image 45World production of selected forest products (from Forest)
Image 46Trees in art: Weeping Willow, Claude Monet, 1918 (from Tree)
Image 47Proportion and distribution of global forest area by climatic domain, 2020 (from Forest)
Image 48Latex collecting from a rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) (from Tree)
Image 49Conifers in the Swabian alps (from Tree)
Image 50The General Sherman Tree, thought to be the world's largest by volume (from Tree)
Image 51Lepidodendron, an extinct lycophyte tree (from Tree)
Image 52A section of yew (Taxus baccata) showing 27 annual growth rings, pale sapwood and dark heartwood (from Tree)
Image 53Malus sylvestris (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 54Buds, leaves and reproductive structures of white fir, Abies alba (from Tree)
Image 55Alnus glutinosa (from List of trees of Great Britain and Ireland)
Image 56Neem tree at Sant Nenuram Ashram (from Trees of Pakistan)