Lieutenant General Oscar Woolverton Griswold (22 October 1886 – 28 September 1959) was a United States Army officer who served in the first half of the 20th century. He is best known for his command of the XIV Corps in the South Pacific Area and South West Pacific Area during World War II.
Oscar W. Griswold | |
|---|---|
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| Born | October 22, 1886 Ruby Valley, Nevada, United States |
| Died | September 28, 1959 (aged 72) Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1910–1947 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Service number | 0-2883 |
| Unit | Infantry Branch |
| Commands | Third Army Seventh Army II Corps XIV Corps IV Corps 4th Infantry Division |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Army Distinguished Service Medal (2) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star (2) Legion of Merit Bronze Star Medal Purple Heart |
| Signature |  |
Early life
editOscar Woolverton Griswold was born on 22 October 1886 in Ruby Valley, Nevada. Raised in Arthur, Nevada, he attended the University of Nevada, Reno from 1905 to 1906, when he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York. On graduation with the West Point Class of 1910, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Infantry.[1][2]
Military career
editGriswold's early company grade assignments included three years service in China from 1914 to 1917. During World War I, he served as a major and lieutenant colonel in the 84th Division, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF), from 1918 to 1919, and participated in the Meuse–Argonne offensive.[1]
Griswold was assigned to the USMA from 1921 to 1924. He graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College in 1925, graduating 189th in the class of 258,[3] and the United States Army War College in 1929.[1] From 1929 to 1931 Griswold served with the War Department General Staff. This duty was followed by service with the United States Army Air Corps. He served as a member of the Infantry Board from 1932 to 1936, and from 1936 to 1939 was assigned to the Office, Chief of Infantry.[1]
World War II
editGriswold commanded the 29th Infantry Regiment from September 1939 to October 1940. The 29th was the primary training regiment permanently billeted at the Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia; under Griswold's command, the first Parachute Test Platoon was organized out of the 29th, as well as its ersatz successor, the original 501st Parachute Battalion. Griswold was promoted to brigadier general in October 1940 and became Commanding General of the Infantry Replacement Training Center at Camp Croft. Promoted to major general in August 1941, he commanded 4th Infantry Division.[1]
From April 1943, Griswold was Commanding General of the XIV Corps, which fought in New Georgia, Bougainville and in the Philippines. It was for his service during this period that he was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the citation for which reads:
The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Distinguished Service Medal to Major General Oscar Woolverton Griswold (ASN: 0-2883), United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished service in a position of great responsibility to the Government of the United States while serving as Commanding General, XIV Corps with additional duty as Commander, Bougainville Landing Forces from 15 December 1943 to 5 June 1944. During this period, Major General Griswold displayed exceptional qualities of forceful leadership in the execution of the many offensive operations carried out by his command under extremely difficult terrain and weather conditions. His efficient coordination of the activities of the Army with the Navy and Allied units, enabled our forces to exert their greatest strength against the Japanese and administer a series of crushing defeats. Major General Griswold, through his initiative and broad understanding of combined operations, contributed materially to the neutralization of the last and most formidable Japanese stronghold in the Solomon Islands and to the continued success of the Allied campaign in the South Pacific. His conduct throughout was in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Military Service.
He was promoted to lieutenant general in early 1945,[1] and continued to serve in the Pacific theater under Douglas MacArthur during the Battle of Manila in February 1945. Griswold was the top ground commander only under MacArthur and Krueger during that battle, which was the largest urban warfare American troops ever participated in up to that point; Griswold's XIV Corps, in their bitter and bloody fight for Manila, consisted of the 1st Cavalry Division, the 37th Infantry Division, and the 11th Airborne Division. In June 1945, General of the Army MacArthur nominated Griswold to command the Tenth United States Army following the death of Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. in the Battle of Okinawa. However, he was passed over in favor of General Joseph Stilwell.[4]
Later life
editAfter World War II, Griswold served as Commanding General of the Seventh United States Army from 11 June 1946 to 15 March 1947,[5] and then the Third United States Army from 15 March to 14 April 1947.[6]
In October 1947, Griswold retired to The Broadmoor resort in Colorado Springs, Colorado, and resided in the Broadmoor Stadium Apartments. In 1948, he was employed by The Broadmoor Hotel Corporation as the Director of Athletic Events. These included ice hockey and figure skating in the Broadmoor Ice Palace.[1][7] In 1954, Griswold helped to bring the new United States Air Force Academy to Colorado Springs.[8] He also appeared in a television segment of This Is Your Life in December 1956 where he lauded the exploits of an army captain who refused to surrender in the Philippines and successfully led a guerilla campaign against the Japanese until he turned himself in to General Griswold. He remained employed by the Broadmoor until health problems caused him to retire.[1][7]
Griswold died on 28 September 1959 at his home in Colorado Springs.[1][2][7][9] He was buried along with his wife Elizabeth Katherine (Matile) Griswold at the West Point Cemetery.[10]
Awards
editGriswold's awards and decorations include the following:
In 1946 he received a Doctor of Laws from the University of Nevada, Reno.[1]
Dates of rank
edit| Insignia | Rank | Component | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| No insignia | Cadet | USMA | June 15, 1906 |
| No insignia in 1910 | Second Lieutenant | Regular Army | June 15, 1910 |
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First Lieutenant | Regular Army | July 1, 1916 |
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Captain | Regular Army | May 15, 1917 |
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Major | National Army | June 7, 1918 |
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Lieutenant Colonel | National Army | October 1, 1918 |
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Major | Regular Army | July 1, 1920 |
| |
Lieutenant Colonel | Regular Army | March 1, 1935 |
 |
Colonel | Regular Army | July 1, 1939 |
 |
Brigadier General | Army of the United States | October 1, 1940 |
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Major General | Army of the United States | August 5, 1941 |
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Brigadier General | Regular Army | March 1, 1944 |
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Lieutenant General | Army of the United States | April 14, 1945 |
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Major General | Regular Army | December 1, 1946 |
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Lieutenant General | Retired List | October 31, 1947 |
Bibliography
edit- Taaffe, Stephen R. (2013). Marshall and His Generals: U.S. Army Commanders in World War II. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1942-9. OCLC 840162019.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine (1996), The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The US Armed Forces, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, pp. 123–124, ISBN 0-313-29546-8
- ^ a b "Oscar Griswold, Retired General". The New York Times. 7 October 1959. p. 43. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ Dr. Robert H. Berlin, U.S. Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography Archived 2006-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ James, D. Clayton (1975), The Years of MacArthur, vol. II: 1941–1945, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 735–736, ISBN 0-395-20446-1
- ^ Seventh Army / USAEUR commander bios
- ^ a b Third Army / ARCENT commander bios
- ^ a b c Robert "Rusty" Lomax, subordinate to General Griswold from 1948 to 1956.
- ^ Cannon, M. Hamlin; Fellerman, Henry S. (1974). Quest for an Air Force Academy. United States Air Force Academy. pp. 232–233. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ Tucker, Spencer C. (6 September 2016). "Griswold, Oscar Woolverton". World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. p. 740. ISBN 978-1851099696. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ "Griswold, Elizabeth K". Army Cemeteries Explorer. U.S. Army. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ Official Register of Commissioned Officers of the United States Army, 1948. pg. 2219.