Wikipedia

Mexican Canadians

Mexican Canadians (Spanish: canadienses mexicanos, French: Canadiens mexicains) are Canadian citizens of Mexican origin, either through birth or ethnicity, who reside in Canada. According to the 2021 Census, 155,380 Canadians indicated they were of full or partial Mexican ancestry (0.42% of the country's population).[1] They are part of the broader Latin American Canadian community.

Mexican Canadians
Canadiens mexicains
Canadienses mexicanos
Population distribution of Mexican Canadians by census division, 2021 census
Total population
155,380 (less than 0.5% of Canadian residents by ancestry, 2021 Census)[1]
90,585 (by birth, 2021 Census)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Greater Toronto Area • Brampton • Leamington and Windsor area, Ontario • Greater Montreal • Metro Vancouver • Calgary-Edmonton Corridor
Languages
English, French, Spanish, and a minority of indigenous Mexican languages.
Religion
Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Indigenous beliefs.
Related ethnic groups
Mexican people, Mestizo, Spanish people, Latinos, American Canadians, Guatemalan Canadians, Native Americans.

While the Mexico-origin population in Canada is relatively small, Canada has the third largest Mexican population after the United States and Mexico. Nevertheless, Canada's Mexican population is far behind that of the United States, where, as of 2021, there were 38.2 million people of Mexican ancestry, comprising 12.2% of the population (see Mexican Americans).[2][3]

As the Canadian Hispanic population is estimated as per 2023 at being over 3% of the population, twice from what it was in 2016, the Mexican population most likely had risen as well along with people of other Latin American groups.

Demographics

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Mexican heritage days in Edmonton.

The metropolitan areas with the largest populations of people with Mexico-related origins (2023) are: Montreal (40,795; 3.9%), Greater Toronto Area (60,969; 4.3%), Vancouver (30,995; 2.5%), Calgary (10,965; 1.4%), Edmonton (9,830; 1.3%), Ottawa (5,865; 0.9%). Brampton a suburb of Toronto contains a growing Mexican community migrating outside of the Toronto city limits. [4]

Geographical extent

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While approximately 5,000 people of Mexico origin enter Canada each year as temporary students or contract workers for agriculture. However, these are not counted as immigrants because of their explicitly temporary legal status. Unlike the United States’ Bracero program, the temporary-worker program in Canada has various mechanisms to discourage workers from overstaying their permits.[5]

Migrant workers from Mexico are prevalent in Leamington, Ontario's cucumber and tomato harvesting industry. Leamington has one of the largest Mexico-born communities in Canada.[6][7] There are 2,700 Mexican immigrants living in Leamington, as of 2011.[8]

In the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Mexico-born labourers are employed in the wine and orchard industries. Kelowna has a sizeable community of Mexico-born.[9][10][11] In the summer of 2016, about 2,000 of Mexico-origin labourers were working on Okanagan Valley farms.[12] Langley, British Columbia has a Mexican population working and/or living in town, having a Hispanic grocery store, mainly Mexican, and Central and South American products.[13]

Statistics

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Tatiana Flores
Population by ancestry by Canadian province or territory
Province Population (2016) Population (2021)
  Ontario 43,120[14] 54,725[15]
  Quebec 26,935[16] 34,310[17]
  British Columbia 23,055[18] 28,445[19]
  Alberta 22,470[20] 25,450[21]
  Manitoba 8,790[22] 7,430[23]
  Saskatchewan 2,125[24] 2,620[25]
  Nova Scotia 810[26] 930[27]
  New Brunswick 695[28] 985[29]
  Newfoundland and Labrador 240[30] 135[31]
  Prince Edward Island 95[32] 255[33]
  Yukon 90[34] 145[35]
  Northwest Territories 55[36] 45[37]
  Nunavut 10[38] 20[39]
  Canada 128,380[40] 155,495[41]
Number of Mexican nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year[42]
Year Number of Mexican nationals admitted Total number of permanent residents admitted Proportion of permanent residents admitted
2002 1,918 229,048 0.8%
2003 1,738 221,349 0.8%
2004 2,245 235,823 1%
2005 2,854 262,242 1.1%
2006 2,830 251,640 1.1%
2007 3,224 236,753 1.4%
2008 2,831 247,246 1.1%
2009 3,104 252,174 1.2%
2010 3,866 280,691 1.4%
2011 3,642 248,748 1.5%

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - 28% sample data". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
  2. ^ "B03001 HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN - United States - 2021 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau. July 1, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
  3. ^ "Do you know how many Mexicans live abroad?".
  4. ^ "National Household Survey (NHS) Profile". 2011.
  5. ^ Goldring, Luin. "Mexicans:Origins". Multiculturalcanada.ca. Archived from the original on October 7, 2007.
  6. ^ "Migrant workers: Who they are, where they're coming from". CBC.ca. February 7, 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  7. ^ Garrity, Shaun (December 10, 2014). "Leamington worker tells stories of cartels in Mexico". The MediaPlex. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  8. ^ "NHS Profile, Leamington, MU, Ontario, 2011". NHS Statistics. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  9. ^ Stueck, Wendy. Mexican labourers keep B.C. wine flowing, The Globe and Mail, October 14, 2011
  10. ^ NHS Profile, Kelowna, CY, British Columbia, 2011, National Household Survey
  11. ^ Oliver gets a taste of Mexico, Penticton Western News, April 28, 2011
  12. ^ Seymour, Ron (March 27, 2016). "Mexican labour in Okanagan will increase 10-15 per cent this summer". Penticton Herald. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  13. ^ "Los Guerreros Latin Foods Inc". Google Maps.
  14. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  15. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  16. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  17. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  19. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  20. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  21. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  22. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  23. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  25. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  26. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  27. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  28. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  29. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  30. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  31. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  33. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  34. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  35. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  36. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  37. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  38. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  39. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  40. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 2019-02-20. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  41. ^ "Religion by ethnic or cultural origins: Canada, provinces and territories and census metropolitan areas with parts". Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. 2023-05-10. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  42. ^ "Facts and figures 2011 — Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary residents — Permanent residents". Archived from the original on December 30, 2012.
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