Satyajit Ray ( ; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian filmmaker who worked prominently in Bengali cinema. Ray received numerous awards and honours, including India's highest award in cinema, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1984) and India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna (1992). He was also awarded the Commander of the National Order of the Legion of Honour, the highest decoration in France (1987) and an Honorary Award at the 64th Academy Awards (1991).[1]
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Often regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of world cinema,[2] Ray made his directorial debut in 1955 with Pather Panchali.[3][4] The film earned critical acclaim and was awarded under the Best Film category at various award ceremonies and film festivals, including the 3rd National Film Awards (1955), 7th Berlin International Film Festival (1957), and 1st San Francisco International Film Festival (1957). Pather Panchali was also awarded the "Prix du document humain" prize at the 9th Cannes Film Festival (1956). Ray won thirty-five National Film Awards during his four-decade career. Six of his films—Pather Panchali, Apur Sansar (1959), Charulata (1964), Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1968), Seemabaddha (1971), and Agantuk (1991)—won the Best Feature Film. Three films—Jalsaghar (1958), Abhijan (1962), and Pratidwandi (1970)—were awarded with Second Best Feature Film and Mahanagar (1963) was adjudged the Third Best Feature Film. Ray's 1961 documentary on Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore received awards at the Locarno and Montevideo film festivals as well as the National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film. His Hindi film Shatranj Ke Khilari (1977) won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi, and the Filmfare Award for Best Director. Ray's Apu Trilogy (1955–59), comprising Pather Panchali, Aparajito (1956) and Apur Sansar (1959), appeared in Time's All-Time 100 Movies in 2005.[5]
Ray won 21 awards for his direction, including seven Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, six Indian National Film Awards, two Silver Bear awards at the Berlin International Film Festival, and two Golden Gate Awards at the San Francisco International Film Festival. In addition to directing, Ray was a music composer and also wrote the screenplay, lyrics, and dialogues for several films.[3] He won twelve awards for his screenplay writing, including one posthumous award in 1994, one award for his original story idea, seven awards for his dialogues, five awards for his music compositions, and two awards for lyric-writing.
Ray also received various awards and honours at international film festivals and universities. These include awards at the 9th Chicago International Film Festival (1973), 28th Berlin International Film Festival (1978), 11th Moscow International Film Festival (1979), 35th Cannes Film Festival (1982), 39th Venice International Film Festival (1982), 4th Tokyo International Film Festival (1991), and 35th San Francisco International Film Festival (1992). He was also awarded an honorary doctorate from the Royal College of Art (1974), a Doctor of Letters from the University of Oxford (1978), the British Film Institute Fellowship (1983), and two Sangeet Natak Akademi awards (1959, 1986).
Honorary awards
editBengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
editThe Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards, commonly referred as BFJA Awards, are awarded annually by The Bengal Film Journalists' Association founded in 1937.[33] Ray won thirty-nine awards for sixteen of his films and three awards for two films by other directors; Nityananda Dutta and Sandip Ray.
Year | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1962 | Teen Kanya | 25th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [34] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
1963 | Abhijan | 26th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [35] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
Kanchenjungha | Best Indian Films | Won | |||
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1964 | Mahanagar | 27th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [36] |
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1965 | Charulata | 28th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [37] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Music Director | Won | ||||
1966 | Baksa Badal[b] | 29th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Dialogue | Won | [39] |
Kapurush-O-Mahapurush • Kapurush • Mahapurush |
Best Indian Films | Won | |||
1967 | Nayak | 30th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [40] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1970 | Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne | 33rd Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [41] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Music Director | Won | ||||
Best Lyricist | Won | ||||
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1971 | Aranyer Din Ratri | 34th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [42] |
Pratidwandi | Best Indian Films | Won | |||
Best Director | Won | ||||
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1972 | Seemabaddha | 35th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [43] |
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Dialogue | Won | ||||
1974 | Ashani Sanket | 37th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [44] |
1975 | Sonar Kella | 38th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [45] |
1986 | Ghare Baire | 49th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Indian Films | Won | [46] |
1993 | Agantuk | 56th Annual BFJA Awards | Best Director | Won | [47] |
Best Indian Films | Won | ||||
Best Screenplay | Won | ||||
Best Original Story | Won | ||||
Goopy Bagha Phire Elo[c] | Best Music Director | Won | |||
Best Lyricist | Won | ||||
Shakha Proshakha | Best Indian Films | Won |
Bodil Awards
editEstablished in 1948, the Bodil Awards are presented annually at a ceremony in Copenhagen by Danish Film Critics Association.[49] Ray received two awards.
Year | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1967 | Aparajito | 21st Bodil Awards | Best Non-European Film | Won | [50] |
1969 | Pather Panchali | 23rd Bodil Awards | Best Non-European Film | Won | [51] |
British Academy Film Awards
editThe British Academy Film Awards is an annual event organised by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).[52] Ray received three nominations.
Year | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1958 | Pather Panchali | 11th British Academy Film Awards | Best Film from Any Source | Nominated | [53] |
1959 | Aparajito | 12th British Academy Film Awards | Best Film from Any Source | Nominated | [54] |
1962 | Apur Sansar | 15th British Academy Film Awards | Best Film from Any Source | Nominated | [55] |
Filmfare Awards
editThe Filmfare Awards are presented annually by The Times Group for the Bollywood films.[56] Ray received two awards.
Year | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1977 | Shatranj Ke Khilari | 26th Filmfare Awards | Critics Award for Best Movie | Won | [57] |
Best Director | Won | [58] |
National Board of Review
editEstablished in 1909, the National Board of Review awards are awarded annually by The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures.[59] Ray received four awards.
Year | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1958 | Pather Panchali | 30th National Board of Review Awards | Best Foreign Language Film | Won | [60] |
Top Foreign Language Films | Won | ||||
1960 | Apur Sansar | 32nd National Board of Review Awards | Best Foreign Language Film | Won | [61] |
Top Foreign Language Films | Won |
National Film Awards
editThe Indian National Film Awards are presented by Directorate of Film Festivals during its annual ceremony to honour the best films of the Indian cinema in the given year.[62] Ray won thirty-five awards for twenty-five of his films and one posthumous award for the film directed by his son Sandip Ray. He won maximum number of awards (six) for the Best Director.[63]
† | Indicates certificate of merit | ‡ | Indicates a posthumous win |
Other annual film awards
editYear | Film | Ceremony | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1967 | Pather Panchali | 40th Kinema Junpo Awards | Best Foreign Film | Won | [89] |
1968 | Chiriyakhana | West Bengal Government Film Awards | Best Direction | Won | [90] |
1973 | Ashani Sanket | West Bengal Government Film Awards | Best Film | Won | [91] |
1974 | Sonar Kella | West Bengal Government Film Awards | Best Film | Won | |
Best Direction | |||||
Best Screenplay | |||||
1975 | Jana Aranya | West Bengal Government Film Awards | Best Film | Won | |
Best Direction | |||||
Best Screenplay |
Major film festival awards
editBerlin International Film Festival
editFounded in 1951, the Berlin International Film Festival, also called the Berlinale, is an annual film festival held in Berlin, Germany.[92] Ray won nine awards and three nominations for seven of his films. He is one of the four directors to win the Silver Bear for Best Director more than once and received maximum number of nominations (seven) for the Golden Bear for Best Film.
Year | Film | Film festival | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1957 | Pather Panchali | 7th Berlin International Film Festival | Selznick Golden Laurel for Best Film | Won | [89] |
1960 | Aparajito | 10th Berlin International Film Festival | Selznick Golden Laurel for Best Film | Won | [93] |
1963 | Teen Kanya | 13th Berlin International Film Festival | Selznick Golden Laurel for Best Film | Won | [94] |
1964 | Mahanagar | 14th Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear for Best Film | Nominated | [95] |
Silver Bear for Best Director | Won | [96] | |||
1965 | Charulata | 15th Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear for Best Film | Nominated | [97] |
Silver Bear for Best Director | Won | [98] | |||
OCIC Catholic Award | Won | [99] | |||
1966 | Nayak | 16th Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear for Best Film | Nominated | [100] |
Special Recognition | Won | [101] | |||
Critics' Prize (UNICRIT Award) | Won | [72] | |||
1973 | Ashani Sanket | 23rd Berlin International Film Festival | Golden Bear for Best Film | Won | [102] |
Cannes Film Festival
editOriginally set to be held in 1939 but subsequently held in 1946, the Cannes Film Festival is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France. Ray won two awards and four nominations for four of his films.[103]
Year | Film | Film festival | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956 | Pather Panchali | 1956 Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or for Best Film | Nominated | [104] |
Prix du document humain | Won | ||||
OCIC Catholic Award | Won | [105] | |||
1958 | Parash Pathar | 1958 Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or for Best Film | Nominated | [104] |
1962 | Devi | 1962 Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or for Best Film | Nominated | [104] |
1984 | Ghare Baire | 1984 Cannes Film Festival | Palme d'Or for Best Film | Nominated | [104] |
San Francisco International Film Festival
editOrganized by the San Francisco Film Society and founded in 1957, the San Francisco International Film Festival is billed as "the longest-running film festival in the Americas".[106] Ray won four awards for two of his films.
Year | Film | Film festival | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1957 | Pather Panchali | 1st San Francisco International Film Festival | Golden Gate Award for Best Film | Won | [107] |
Golden Gate Award for Best Director | Won | ||||
1958 | Aparajito | 2nd San Francisco International Film Festival | Golden Gate Award for Best Film | Won | [108] |
Golden Gate Award for Best Director | Won |
Venice Film Festival
editInitially named as "Esposizione d'Arte Cinematografica", the Venice Film Festival was founded in 1932 as part of the 18th Venice Biennale.[109] Ray won five awards and one nomination for four of his films.
Year | Film | Film festival | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1957 | Aparajito | 18th Venice International Film Festival | Golden Lion for Best Film | Won | [110] |
Cinema Nuovo Award | Won | [93] | |||
FIPRESCI Critics' Award | Won | [111] | |||
1965 | Kapurush | 28th Venice International Film Festival | Golden Lion for Best Film | Nominated | [112] |
1972 | Seemabaddha | 33rd Venice International Film Festival | FIPRESCI Critics' Award | Won | [76] |
Other international film festival awards
editYear | Film | Film festival | Category | Result | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1956 | Pather Panchali | 9th Edinburgh International Film Festival | Diploma Of Merit | Won | [89] |
Manila Film Festival | Golden Carbao | Won | |||
Rome Film Festival | Vatican Award | Won | |||
1958 | Pather Panchali | Stratford Film Festival | Critics' Award for Best Film of the Year | Won | [113] |
Vancouver International Film Festival | Best Film | Won | [89] | ||
1958–59 | Aparajito | USA Film Festival | Golden Laurel for Best Foreign Film | Won | [93] |
1959 | Jalsaghar | 1st Moscow International Film Festival | Grand prix for Best Film | Nominated | [114] |
Pather Panchali | New York Film Festival | Cultural Award: Best Foreign Film | Won | [89] | |
1960 | Apur Sansar | 7th BFI London Film Festival | Sutherland Trophy for Best Original And Imaginative Film | Won | [115] |
1961 | Apur Sansar | 14th Edinburgh International Film Festival | Diploma Of Merit | Won | [115] |
Rabindranath Tagore | 14th Locarno International Film Festival | Golden Sail for Short Films | Won | [116] | |
1962 | Two Daughters[f] | 10th Melbourne International Film Festival | Golden Boomerang for Best Film | Won | [94] |
1962 | Rabindranath Tagore | Montevideo Film Festival | Special Mention | Won | [118] |
1965 | Charulata | Acapulco Film Festival | Best Film | Won | [99] |
1969 | Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne | Auckland International Film Festival | Silver Cross Award for Best Direction and Originality | Won | [119][120] |
1970 | Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne | 18th Melbourne International Film Festival | Best Film | Won | [120] |
Tokyo Film Festival | Merit Award | Won | [118] | ||
1973 | Ashani Sanket | 9th Chicago International Film Festival | Gold Hugo for Best Feature Film | Won | [121][90][122] |
1975 | Sonar Kella | 10th Teheran International Festival of Films for Children and Young Adults | Golden Statue for Best Live Feature Film | Won | [123] |
1976 | Jana Aranya | 30th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival | Karlovy Vary Prize | Won | [124] |
1979 | Joi Baba Felunath | 3rd Hong Kong International Film Festival | Best Feature Film | Won | [125] |
1980 | Pather Panchali | 27th BFI London Film Festival | Wington Award | Won | [115] |
Aparajito | Won | ||||
Apur Sansar | Won |
See also
editExplanatory notes
edit- ^ Certain awarding bodies like the National Film Awards do not announce the nominees and only award winners are announced by the jury. For simplification and to avoid errors, each award in this list has been presumed to have had a prior nomination.
- ^ The film was directed by Nityananda Dutta. Ray composed the music for the film and wrote the screenplay along with the dialogue.[38]
- ^ The film was directed by Sandip Ray. Satyajit Ray composed the music for the film and wrote the screenplay along with the lyrics.[48]
- ^ The award was given to one of three parts of the film, Samapti.
- ^ The film was directed by Sandip Ray. Satyajit Ray wrote the screenplay for the film.[48]
- ^ The original title of the film Teen Kanya means three daughters (or girls), however the international version of the film is titled Two Daughters. Though the feature film has three different stories, only two of them were included for the international release—The Postmaster and Samapti.[117]
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- ^ "Aparajito@San Francisco International Film Festival". San Francisco International Film Festival. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
- ^ "The 30s@Venice Film Festival". la Biennale di Venezia. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
- ^ "The awards of the Venice Film Festival". la Biennale di Venezia. Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ "FIPRESCI Award 1957". International Federation of Film Critics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
- ^ Robinson 1989, p. 170.
- ^ "Indian Film Honored; 'Pather Panchali' Wins Prize at Stratford, Ont., Fete". The New York Times. 14 July 1958. p. 16. Archived from the original on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
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Bibliography
edit- Ray, Bijoya (2012). Manik and I: My Life with Satyajit Ray. Penguin Books. p. 624. ISBN 978-81-8475-750-7.
- Ray, Satyajit (2013). Ray, Sandip (ed.). Satyajit Ray on Cinema. Columbia University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-231-16495-5.
- Robinson, Andrew (1989). Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-965-3.
External links
edit- Satyajit Ray at IMDb
- SatyajitRay.org
- Satyajit Ray Film and Study Center: University of California – Santa Cruz Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- Satyajit Ray society