Joseph Brotherton (22 May 1783 – 7 January 1857) was an English reforming politician, Bible Christian minister, and a pioneering vegetarian activist. He has been described as the first vegetarian member of parliament.[1]
Joseph Brotherton | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Portrait of Joseph Brotherton, c. 1850 | |
| Born | 22 May 1783 Whittington, England |
| Died | 7 January 1857 (aged 73) Greater Manchester, England |
| Resting place | Weaste Cemetery, Salford, England |
| Occupation(s) | Politician, minister, activist |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 4 |
| Relatives | William Harvey (cousin and brother-in-law) |
Biography
editEarly life and education
editBrotherton was born in Whittington, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, and was the son of John Brotherton, an excise collector, and his wife Mary.[2] In 1789 the family moved to Salford, Lancashire, where his father established a cotton and silk mill.[2]
Brotherton received no formal education, instead joining the family firm, of which he became a partner in 1802.[2] On the death of his father in 1809, he went into partnership with his cousin William Harvey. In 1806 he married his business partner's sister, Martha Harvey (1783–1861).[2] Their children were Helen (born in 1812 and died on 19th May 1898, aged 86), John (born and died in 1813 at 6 weeks old), James (born in 1814, married Mary Hannah Roberts in 1852, and died in 1871, aged 56), and Mary.[3]
Bible Christian Church
editIn 1805 he joined the Salford Swedenborgian Church. The church, led by William Cowherd, was renamed the Bible Christian Church in 1809. In 1816 Cowherd died, and Brotherton became a minister. The church required abstention from the eating of meat or drinking of alcohol. In 1812, his wife Martha authored Vegetable Cookery, the first vegetarian cookbook.[4]
In 1819, aged 36, Brotherton retired from the family business in order to devote his energy to his ministry.[2] He used his position to actively improve the conditions of workers and campaign for reforms. Among his achievements were the building of schools, the opening of a lending library and the establishment of a fund to support the victims of the Peterloo Massacre.[2] He was a member of the Portico Library, an overseer of the poor and a justice of the peace.
Membership of the Little Circle
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From 1815 Brotherton was a member of a group of Nonconformist Liberals, meeting in the Manchester home of John Potter, termed the Little Circle. Other members of the group included: John Edward Taylor (founder of The Manchester Guardian), Archibald Prentice (later editor of the Manchester Times), John Shuttleworth (industrialist and municipal reformer), Absalom Watkin (parliamentary reformer and anti corn law campaigner), William Cowdray Jnr (editor of the Manchester Gazette), Thomas Potter (later first mayor of Manchester) and Richard Potter (later MP for Wigan). In 1820 Brotherton, Shuttleworth and Thomas Potter founded the Manchester Chamber of Commerce.[2]
In 1821, after the Peterloo Massacre and the government-led closure of the Manchester Observer, the group without Cowdroy backed John Edward Taylor in founding the Manchester Guardian newspaper.
After the death of John Potter, the Potter brothers formed a second Little Circle group, to begin a campaign for parliamentary reform. This called for the better proportional representation in the Houses of Parliament from the rotten boroughs towards the fast-growing industrialised towns of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester and Salford. After the petition raised on behalf of the group by Absalom Watkin, Parliament passed the Reform Act 1832.
Salford's first member of parliament
editThe group's aims were achieved with the passing of the Reform Act 1832. Brotherton was elected as Salford's first Member of Parliament at the ensuing general election.[2] He was re-elected five times, unopposed on two occasions.[2] In parliament he campaigned against the death penalty, for the abolition of slavery and for free non-denominational education.[2] He actively supported the Municipal Corporations Bill, which led to Manchester and Salford having democratically elected councils. He took an interest in the facilities provided by the new municipalities, and was largely responsible for the opening of Peel Park, Salford and Weaste Cemetery.
Death and legacy
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Brotherton died suddenly from a heart attack aged 73 in January 1857, while travelling to a meeting in Manchester.[2] He was buried on 14 January in the new Weaste Cemetery, Salford, the first interment at the cemetery he campaigned for, following a two and a half mile long funeral procession.[2]
A Joseph Brotherton Memorial Fund was established, and a statue of Brotherton was erected in Peel Park in 1858.[2] The statue was dismantled in 1954 and sold into private ownership in 1969. At the time Salford City Council were looking for any additional revenue and it sold the statue to a scrap metal merchant. He was aware of the rivalry between the two cities so he approached Manchester with the suggestion they might buy it. It was purchased by Manchester City Council in 1986, and was resited at Riverside Walk, overlooking the River Irwell and facing towards Salford. The effect was that he was looking balefully at the city that thought so little of him as to sell his statue. It was relocated onto the Salford bank of the Irwell to make way for a new footbridge linking Salford to the Spinningfield development.[5][6] In May 2018 it was returned to Peel Park and placed on a plinth which was a replica of the original one it occupied. The statue was listed in December 2023.[7]
References
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Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
- ^ Schofield, Jonathan (17 September 2020). "Politics, social change, sport, arts, transport and...er...sewage: celebrating Manchester's achievements". Confidentials. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Shapely, Peter (23 September 2004). "Brotherton, Joseph (1783–1857), Cowherdite Bible Christian minister and politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/3575. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Biography: Martha Brotherton". Weaste Cemetery Heritage Trail. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ Antrobus, Derek. (1997). A Guiltless Feast: The Salford Bible Christian Church and the Rise of the Modern Vegetarian Movement. City of Salford Education and Leisure. p. 72. ISBN 978-0901952578
- ^ Wyke, Terry (2005). Public Sculpture of Greater Manchester. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 51–52. ISBN 0-85323-567-8.
- ^ Public Monument and Sculpture Association: National Recording Project: JOSEPH BROTHERTON Archived 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-09-09
- ^ "Statue of Joseph Brotherton, Non Civil Parish - 1488343 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 11 December 2023.