Charles-François Daubigny (/ˈdoʊbɪnji/ DOH-bin-yee,[1] US: /ˌdoʊbiːnˈjiː, doʊˈbiːnji/ DOH-been-YEE, doh-BEEN-yee,[2][3] French: [ʃaʁl fʁɑ̃swa dobiɲi]; 15 February 1817 – 19 February 1878) was a French painter, one of the members of the Barbizon school, and is considered an important precursor of impressionism.
Charles-François Daubigny | |
|---|---|
 Photograph by Nadar | |
| Born | 15 February 1817 Paris, France |
| Died | 19 February 1878 (aged 61) Paris, France |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | Barbizon school |
He was also a prolific printmaker, mostly in etching, and one of the main artists who used the cliché verre technique.
Biography
editDaubigny was born in Paris, into a family of painters; taught art by his father, Edmé-François Daubigny, and his uncle, miniaturist Pierre Daubigny (1793-1858). He was also a pupil of Jean-Victor Bertin, Jacques Raymond Brascassat and Paul Delaroche, from whom he would quickly emancipate himself. Though best known for his painted landscapes, Daubigny survived for many years as a graphic artist, illustrating books, magazines and travel guides for publication.[4]
In 1838, he set up, at the Rue des Amandiers-Popincourt, a community of artists, a phalanstery, with Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume, Hippolyte Lavoignat, Ernest Meissonnier, Auguste Steinheil, Louis Joseph Trimolet, with whom he already had expressed his interest in subjects drawn directly from daily life and nature. These artists will work, among others, for the publisher Léon Curmer, who was specialized in books illustrated with vignettes. From this period date the first confirmed engravings by Daubigny.
Initially Daubigny painted in a more traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in Barbizon to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with Camille Corot in 1852 in Optevoz (Isère). On his famous boat Botin, which he had turned into a studio, he painted along the Seine and Oise, often in the region around Auvers. From 1852 onward, he was influenced by Gustave Courbet. The two artists were from the same generation and were driven by the realist movement: during a joint stay, each composed a series of views of Optevoz.
In 1848, Daubigny worked on behalf of the Chalcographie du Louvre, performing facsimiles, which testifies to his great expertise in this art, and revisiting the technique of aquatint in a less cumbersome process. His famous series of Rolling Carts dates from this period. In 1862, with Corot, he experimented with the cliché-verre technique, halfway between photography and printmaking.
In 1866, he joined the jury of the Paris Salon for the first time, alongside his friend Corot. The same year, Daubigny visited England, eventually returning because of the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870. In London he met Claude Monet, and they left for the Netherlands together. Back in Auvers, he met Paul Cézanne, another important Impressionist. It is assumed that these younger impressionist painters were influenced by Daubigny.
Daubigny died in Paris in 1878. His remains are interred at cimetière du Père-Lachaise (division 24).
His followers and pupils included his son Karl (whose works are occasionally mistaken for those of his father), Achille Oudinot, Hippolyte Camille Delpy, Albert Charpin and Pierre Emmanuel Damoye. The two painters who introduced the Barbizon School in Portugal, in 1879, António da Silva Porto and João Marques de Oliveira, were also his disciples.[5]
Paintings
edit
The most striking paintings by Daubigny were those produced between 1864 and 1874, which depict mostly forest landscapes and lakes. Disappointed because he felt that he did not meet with the same level of success and admiration as his contemporaries, by the end of his career he was nonetheless an extremely sought-after and appreciated artist. The motifs of his paintings, sometimes tending towards repetitiveness and often playing on the horizontality of the landscape underlined by a backlight effect, would be taken up and accentuated by Hippolyte Camille Delpy, his most influenced student.
His most ambitious canvases include Springtime (1857), in the Louvre; Borde de la Cure, Morvan (1864); Villerville sur Mer (1864); Moonlight (1865); Auvers-sur-Oise (1868); and Return of the Flock (1878). He was named by the French government as an Officer of the Legion of Honor.[6]
In popular culture
editThe life of Daubigny was adapted into a graphic novel by Belgian comics writer Bruno de Roover and artist Luc Cromheecke. It appeared under the title De Tuin van Daubigny (The Garden of Daubigny, 2016).[7][8][9]
Public collections
editAmong the public collections holding works by Charles-François Daubigny are:
- The Art Institute of Chicago[10]
- Cincinnati Art Museum[11]
- The Frick Collection, New York[12]
- The Hermitage, Saint Petersburg[13]
- Mesdag Collectie, The Hague[14]
- The Israel Museum, Jerusalem[15]
- Kunstmuseum Den Haag, The Hague[16]
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York[17]
- Montreal Museum of Fine Arts[18]
- Musée du Louvre, Paris[19]
- Musée d'Orsay, Paris[20]
- Museum de Fundatie, Zwolle
- Museum of Fine Arts, Boston[21]
- National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa[22]
- National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh[23]
- National Gallery, London[24]
- National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.[25]
- Neue Pinakothek, Munich[26]
- Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam[27]
- Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.[28]
Gallery
edit-
-
-
The Ponds of Gylieu (1853)
Cincinnati Art Museum -
The River Seine at Mantes (1856)
Brooklyn Museum -
Banks of the Oise (1863)
Saint Louis Art Museum -
-
-
-
Les Sables-d'Olonne, seaside town
in western France -
-
Les Laveuses (1873)
Aberdeen Art Gallery -
Lever de lune à Auvers, or Le Retour du troupeau (1878)
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts -
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
See also
edit- Daubigny's Garden, painted three times by Vincent van Gogh.
Notes
editThis article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2014) |
- ^ "Daubigny, Charles François". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link]
- ^ "Daubigny". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ "Daubigny". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ Newhouse, Jill (January 2015). "Charles F. Daubigny: Drawings for Le Voyage en Bateau". Jill Newhouse Gallery.
- ^ José-Augusto França, A Arte em Portugal no Século XIX, Lisbon, Bertrand Editora, 3rd edition, 1990, volume 2 (Portuguese)
- ^ The Iconographic Encyclopaedia of the Arts and Scien: Sculpture and painting, 1887, page 138
- ^ "Bruno de Roover".
- ^ "Luc Cromheecke".
- ^ "Cromheecke voelt sympathie voelt voor pretentieloosheid van Daubigny". 10 December 2016.
- ^ The Art Institute of Chicago
- ^ Cincinnati Art Museum
- ^ The Frick Collection
- ^ The Hermitage
- ^ Mesdag Collection
- ^ The Israel Museum
- ^ Kunstmuseum Den Haag
- ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art
- ^ Nathalie Bondil, The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. 150th anniversary guide, Montréal, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, 2013, p. 168
- ^ Musée du Louvre
- ^ Musée d'Orsay
- ^ Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
- ^ National Gallery of Canada
- ^ National Galleries of Scotland
- ^ National Gallery, London
- ^ National Gallery of Art
- ^ Neue Pinakothek
- ^ Rijksmuseum
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum
References
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Daubigny, Charles François". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 847.
Further reading
edit- O'Neill, J, ed. (2000). Romanticism & the school of nature : nineteenth-century drawings and paintings from the Karen B. Cohen collection. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (see index)
External links
edit
- 56 artworks by or after Charles-François Daubigny at the Art UK site
- Charles-François Daubigny – Museum – Musée Daubigny Auvers-sur-Oise
- Charles-François Daubigny's Home-Studio – Maison-Atelier de Daubigny Auvers-sur-Oise. Historical monument.
- Charles-François Daubigny – Rehs Galleries' biography on the artist.
- Charles-François Daubigny at Artcyclopedia