Avicennism is a school of Islamic philosophy which was established by Avicenna. He developed his philosophy throughout the course of his life after being deeply moved and concerned by the Metaphysics of Aristotle and studying it for over a year. According to Henry Corbin and Seyyed Hossein Nasr, there are two kinds of Avicennism: Islamic Avicennism, and Latin Avicennism.[1][2]
According to Nasr, the Latin Avicennism was based on the former philosophical works of Avicenna. This school followed the Peripatetic school of philosophy and tried to describe the structure of reality with a rational system of thinking. In the twelfth century AD, it became influential in Europe, particularly in Oxford and Paris, and affected some notable philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon and Duns Scotus. While the Latin Avicennism was weak in comparison with Latin Averroism, according to Étienne Gilson there was an "Avicennising Augustinism".
On the other hand, Islamic Avicennism is based on his later works which is known as "The Oriental Philosophy" (حکمت المشرقیین). Therefore, philosophy in the Eastern Islamic civilization became close to gnosis and tried to provide a vision of a spiritual universe. This approach paved the road for the Iranian school of Illuminationism (حکمت الاشراق) by Suhrawardi.[3]
Corbin referred to divergences between Iranian Avicennism and Latin Avicennism[4] and showed that one can see three different schools in Avicennism, which he called Avicennising Augustinism, Latin Avicennism and Iranian Avicennism.[5]
Several Mu’tazilites were contemporaries of Avicenna,[6] while the philosophical programme of Avicenna and his students was criticised by the Muʿtazilī Ḥanafī scholar Ibn al-Malāḥimī (d. 1141), who argued that philosophy in the Greek tradition would be used to justify false beliefs and dilute the prophetic character of Islam. He put forward Christianity as an example of a prophetic religion corrupted by Greek abstract thought.[7]
See also
editFootnotes
edit- ^ Nasr 2013, p. 67
- ^ Corbin 1998, p. 93
- ^ Nasr 2013, p. 67
- ^ Corbin 1998, p. 101
- ^ Corbin & Trask 2014, p. 102
- ^ Ruffus, Anthony; McGinnis, John (2015). "Willful Understanding: Avicenna's Philosophy of Action and Theory of the Will". Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie (PDF). 97 (2): 160–195. doi:10.1515/agph-2015-0007. ISSN 0003-9101. OCLC 5866124462.
- ^ Wilferd Madelung (2011), "Ibn al-Malāḥimī", in David Thomas; Alex Mallett; Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala; Johannes Pahlitzsch; Mark Swanson; Herman Teule; John Tolan (eds.), Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, Volume 3 (1050–1200), Leiden: Brill, pp. 440–443.
References
edit- Corbin, Henry (1998). The Voyage and the Messenger: Iran and Philosophy. Berkeley, CA, US: North Atlantic Books. ISBN 9781556432699. OCLC 970420613.
- Corbin, Henry; Trask, Willard R (2014). Avicenna and the Visionary Recital: (Mythos Series). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1400859061. OCLC 889253433.
- Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2013). Islamic Life and Thought. Abingdon, UK ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781134538119. OCLC 861692831.