Abu Faris al-Mustansir Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali (Arabic: أبو فارس المستنصر عبد العزيز بن علي) was the Marinid Sultan of Morocco from 1366 until his death in 1372. He assumed the throne at a time when Marinid authority was in decline, but during his rule managed to reverse this trend. After his death the kingdom returned to anarchy.
| Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz I | |
|---|---|
| Sultan of Morocco | |
| Reign | 1366 – 1372 |
| Predecessor | Muhammad II ibn Faris |
| Successor | Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz |
| Born | 1349 |
| Died | 1372 |
| Issue | Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz |
| Dynasty | Marinid |
| Religion | Islam |
Background
editAbu Faris Abd al-Aziz came to power at a time when the Moorish states of Granada, Morocco and Tlemcen were all weak, and were all prone to meddling in each other's affairs.[1] Abu Faris was one of the sons of Abu al-Hasan ibn Uthman, and before coming to the throne was held captive in the palace of Fez.
Rule
editIn 1366 Sultan Muhammad II ibn Faris of Morocco tried to remove the vizier Umar bin Abdulla al-Yabani from office, and was killed in response. Abu Faris Abdul-Aziz came to the throne. Once he was firmly in control he had the vizier killed.[2] Abu Faris was one of the more decisive of the Marinid rulers. He defeated the neighboring Zayyanid kingdom of Tlemcen, to the east.[1] Abu Faris also reestablished control over Marrakesh, where a Marinid prince supported by the Hintata chief of the Atlas Mountains had seceded from the sultanate of Fez.[2]
When Abu Faris captured Tlemcen he took the diplomat Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) prisoner, and enlisted him in his own service. Later Ibn Khaldun was to establish lasting fame for his great world history, which he started to write around 1372.[3] Ibn Ridwan al-Malaqi (1318–1381), author of a major treatise on political ethics, was another of Abu Faris's senior administrators.[4] He gave asylum to Lisan ad-Din ibn al-Khatib, former vizier of Muhammed V of Granada.[2] Abu Faris arranged for the Marinid forces in Gibraltar to help al-Khatib to escape to Morocco.[5] He built the Muristan al-Azizi (Azizi Hospital) in Fez and an adjacent fountain that have both survived until modern times.[6]
Abu Faris died in 1372 and was succeeded by his infant son Muhammad abu Zayyan as-Saîd II.[5] The kingdom again descended into anarchy. In 1374 Muhammad V of Granada took control of Gibraltar.[7]
References
editCitations
- ^ a b Fage & Oliver 1975, p. 365.
- ^ a b c Abun-Nasr 1987, p. 113.
- ^ Park & Boum 2006, p. 166.
- ^ Park & Boum 2006, p. 169.
- ^ a b Abun-Nasr 1987, p. 114.
- ^ Parker 1981, p. 93.
- ^ Hasan 1998, p. 149.
Sources
- Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (1987-08-20). A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period. Cambridge University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-521-33767-0. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- Fage, John Donnelly; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 365. ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- Hasan, Masudul (1998). History of Islam: Classical period, 1206–1900 C.E. Islamic Publications. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- Park, Thomas K.; Boum, Aomar (2006-01-16). Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6511-2. Retrieved 2013-05-13.
- Parker, Richard Bordeaux (1981). A Practical Guide to Islamic Monuments in Morocco. Baraka Press. p. 93. Retrieved 2013-05-13.