å°ä¿æ¹è«æã®æ¬å½ã®æ鬱
å°ä¿æ¹æ´åããã iPS ç´°èãè¶
ãã STAP ç´°èã¨ãã大çºè¦ãããã¨ãã¦ã2014å¹´1æã«ãã¹ã¡ãã£ã¢ã®å¯µå
ã¨ãªã£ããããããç¿æã«ã¯ãè«æã«æªããç®æãããã¨é²è¡ããæªãããªããããããè«ææ¤å*1ã決ã¾ãããã ã
ãã®è«æã®çæã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã小保方晴子のSTAP細胞論文の疑惑 ã¨ãããã¼ã¸ã詳ããããã ãå³ãæç« ãã³ãã¼ã¨ãããããªã¨ããã¯èª°ã§ãåããããã«æ¸ããã¦ããããè´å½çãªç®æã¯å°é家ã¨æãã人ã®æ²ç¤ºæ¿ã¸ã®æ¸ãè¾¼ã¿*2ã®å¼ç¨ãããªããã ããã誰ã«ã§ãåããããã«è§£èª¬ãã¦ã¿ããã
ã¾ããçç©ã¯ç´°èããã§ãã¦ãããç´°èã®ææã¯ããªããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®è¨è¨å³ããéºä¼åã人éã®éºä¼åã¯3ä¸ããããããªãã
ä¸ã¤ã®éºä¼åããä½ãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã¯ã ãããä¸ã¤ã«æ±ºã¾ã£ã¦ããã®ã ããã©ãã大ããªä¾å¤ãå
ç«ã·ã¹ãã ãå
ç«ã·ã¹ãã ã§ã¯ãå¤æ¥ããã®ããããä¾µå
¥ç©ãèªèããããã«ãããããªã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«çµåã§ããæ§ã
ãªå½¢ã®"æä½"ãä½ããã ãæä½ããã¡ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã§ã§ãã¦ããã
ãã®å¤æ§ãªæä½ãä½ãåçã説æããã®ããå©æ ¹å·é²ããã¼ãã«è³ã«é¸ã°ããæ¥ç¸¾ãV(D)Jéºä¼ååæ§æ(éºä¼ååç·¨æ)ã¨ãããã¤ã ã
éºä¼ååæ§æã£ã¦ããã®ã¯ãè¦ããã«ãæ¬æ¥å¿
è¦ãªããããã£ã¨é·ãéºä¼åãç¨æãã¦ããã¦ãç¡é§ãªã¨ãããå¾ã§æ¨ã¦ãã¨ãæ¨ã¦æ¹ã«ãã£ã¦ãè²ã
ãªç¨®é¡ãã§ããã¨ãããã¨ã
ä¾ãã°ãè±æ㧠{I You He She We} {ate drank killed} {books chairs tables trees}. ã¨ããã®ãèããã¨ãããã ãã§ã5*3*4=60éãä½ããã
ããããå
ç«ç´°èãã§ãã(ååãã)ã¨ãã«éºä¼åã«èµ·ãã¦ããã¨ããã®ãéºä¼ååæ§æã§ãããã¾ã§ã®å¸¸èãè¦ããã®ã ã£ãã1976å¹´ã®è©±ãã
ã¤ã¾ããå
ç«ç´°èã«ãªãæã«ãããéºä¼åã¯ããã®å¤§é¨åãæ¨ã¦å»ããã¨ã§æä½ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãçã¿åºããããã«ãªãããã®æ¨ã¦æ¹ã«ãã£ã¦è²ã
ãªæä½ãæã£ãå
ç«ç´°èãã§ããã¨ãã話ã ã
ããã«ãéºä¼ååæ§æ以å¤ã«ãå ç«ç´°èã®ç¨®é¡ãå¢ããæ¹æ³ããã£ã¦ã諸ã åããã¦ãæçµçã«ä½ãããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã¯10^18éã以ä¸ã¨ããããããã1ãã=10^3ã1ã®ã¬=10^6ã1ã¡ã¬=10^9ã1ãã©=10^12ã1ãã¿=10^15ã1ã¨ã¯ãµ=10^18ã ãã
å°ä¿æ¹ããã® Nature ã®è«æã¯ãããã«è¡æçã§ãéºä¼ååæ§æããããã®ããå
ã«æ»ãä¸è½ç´°èã«ãªã*3ã£ã¦è¨ã£ã¦ãããã ãé
¸ã«ã¤ããã ãã§ã
ãããé£ãããã®ãã§åµããé
¢ã«ã¤ããããçåµã¾ãã¾ãä¸åã«æ»ã£ãã¿ãããªãã®ã ããã ã£ã¦ãéºä¼åã®å¤§åã¯æ¨ã¦å»ããã¦ããã ããããéå»ä½ç¾å¹´ã®ç´°èçç©å¦ã®æ´å²ãæå¼ãããã®ã ãã?
ã誰ãä¿¡ãã¦ãããªãã£ããã¨ãä½ããã大å¤ã ã£ããã¨ããããä¿¡ããªãããããããæ¬å½ã ã£ãã¨ããã¨ãå
ã®éºä¼åãã©ããã«é ãã¦ãã£ã¦ãå
ã«æ»ããããã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã ãè¤éãªå¤åããããã®ããç°¡åã«æ»ãããã«ä½ããã¦ãã*4ã¨ãããã¨ã ããã
ã¨ããããã§ãå®ã¯ãNature è«æãåºãç´å¾ãã話é¡ã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã©ããå»è ã¿ãããªçå½ç§å¦ã®ã¦ã¼ã¶ã¼ã¯å¤§çµ¶è³ãã¦å¤¢ãåºãããããã¦ããããã©ããè¿ãåéã®ç 究è ã¯è¿½è©¦ããªãããã¾ã§ã¯ä¿¡ããªãã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãã人ã®ã»ããå¤ããã ã£ãããããããã¹ã³ãã«ãã¤ã¯åãããããããããªãã¨ãããªããã©ãããèª ã«é©ãã¹ãå 容ã§ãç¶å ±ã«æå¾ ãããã¨ãããã§ããããæããããªãããã
Nature ã¯ä»ã§ãã権å¨ããããã©ããåæ¥èªã§ãã¨ãã¨ã¯ã´ã·ããèªã«è¿ããã¨ããå©æã¯ãNature ã«åºãã¨ãããã¨ã¯åã ã¨åè«ãããã¦è¨ã£ã¦ãããå¥ã«ãããã§ãããè«æã£ã¦ããã®ã¯ãç 究è å士ã®ã³ããã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³æ段ã ãããå¥ã«è«æãã§ãã¨ããã§ã©ãã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãªãããã¨ãæ»èªã ãã©ãä¸æµç 究室ã ã¨ãè«æãåºãã¦ããã¨ããææã®è¨±å¯ã®ã»ãã大å¤ã§ããããéãã°æ»èªã«ã¯ã¾ãè½ã¡ãªããã¾ããã ãããNature ã«åºãç¨åº¦ã§ä¿¡ããªããã£ã¦ãã¨ãã
ããã¾ã§ãåæã§ããã®æé ãçããã¦ããç®æã¨ããã®ããSTAP ãã§ãã¦ããç´æ¥ã®STAP ç´°èãå
ç«ç´°èç±æ¥ã§ãã証æ ã¨ããã¦ãããã ããã©ããããèããã¨ãã¨ãã§ããªãä¸æè°ã
ç°¡åã«ããã¨ããç´°èã®ä¸ã®ç¹å®ã®éºä¼åã ãé¸ãã§ããã®é·ãã®åå¸ã測ãããã¨ãã§ããæè¡ãããã®ãããã使ãã¨ã
{I You He She We} {ate drank killed} {books chairs tables trees}. <- é·ã
She killed tables. <- çã
ã¨ãç´°èå
ã«ã©ãããé·ãã®éºä¼åãããããåããã
è«æã«ããã¨ããéºä¼ååæ§æã®å(ES ç´°è)ã®éºä¼åã®é·ããã¯ããã¨ãé·ããéºä¼ååæ§æå¾(å
ç«ç´°è)ã®éºä¼åã®é·ããã¯ããã¨ãçããããã¦ããããé
¸ã§å¦çãã STAP ç´°èã¯ä¸é¨ã ãé·ãçããã®ã¨é·ããã®ããããã ãããããã¯ãSTAP ç´°èãä¸é¨ä¸è½ç´°èã«æ»ã£ãå
ç«ç´°èç±æ¥ã§ãã証æ ã ãã£ã¦ãããã ãã¨ããããå®ã¯ãã®æç¹ã§ä½ããããããã
ã¨ããã®ãããéºä¼åã®ã»ããã¯ä¸¡è¦ªããä¸çµãã¤åãåããã ãããåãéºä¼åãäºã¤ãã¤ãããã ãããã対ç«éºä¼åã¨ãããã対ç«éºä¼åã®çµã®æåã¯ããã¾ãã¾ã ããã¨ãã°ãåªæ§ã»å£æ§ã¨ããã®ã¯ãä¸å¦ã§ããããã¤ã¾ããåªæ§ãªæ¹ã®å½¢è³ªãã§ãå ´åããããè¡æ¶²åã®Båã¨Oåã®éºä¼åãæã£ã¦ããã¨ãBåãåªæ§ãªã®ã§Båã«ãªããããããAåã¨Båã ã¨ã両æ¹ã®å½¢è³ªãåºã¦ABåã«ãªãã
ã§ããæä½ã®å ´åã¯ããã¯ãªããªããã ã対ç«ããçæ¹ã®éºä¼åãçºçã®éä¸ã§ä½¿ããªããªã(ä¸æ´»åãã)ãã ãåãç¾è±¡ã¯ããã¨ãã°ãä¸æ¯ç«ã®æ¯ã®è²ã§ãã¿ãããããè¶è²ã§ä¸æ¸ããããéºä¼åã¨ãä½ãããªããéºä¼åã¨ããã®ã対ç«éºä¼åãªãã ãä»ã®éºä¼åãããé»å°ã«ç½ã¶ã¡ããªãã³ã«ãããã¨ãã¦ããã¨ãã«ããè¶è²ã§ä¸æ¸ããã¨ãä½ãããªãããä¸ã¤ãã¤ããã¨ãä¸æ¹ãç´°èãã¨ã«ã©ã³ãã ã«ä½¿ããªããªããã ããããé»å°ã«ç½æãã¨ãè¶ãã®é¨åãä½ä¸ã«ã§ããããããä¸æ¯ç«ãéºä¼åã使ããªããªãã¨ãã£ã¦ããæ¨ã¦ãããã¨ããããã¯ãéµããããæãã ããªããã¢ã¤ãåãåçã ã
ã¤ã¾ãã話ãæ»ãã¨ããå ç«ç´°èã®éºä¼åã®é·ããã¯ããã¨ãçããã£ã¦ãããã¨èªä½ããããããã ã対ç«éºä¼åã®ä¸æ¹ã¯ä¸æ´»åãã¦ããããåæ§æããããå ã®é·ãã®ã¾ã¾ãããä¸æ¹ã¯æä½ãä½ãããã«éºä¼ååæ§æãããã¦çããªããã ããéºä¼ååæ§æå¾ã®å ç«ç´°èã®éºä¼åã®é·ãã¯ãååã¯çããååã¯é·ããã¨ããçµæãåºãã¯ããªãã ããã®ãã¨ã¯ãå ç«ç´°èã®éºä¼ååæ§æãç¥ã£ã¦ãã人ãªããå½ç¶ã®ãã¨ãªãã ãã¨ãããè«æã§ã¯é·ãæ¹ã®åå¨ããªããã ã
ããã§ããããã®ã¨ãããã¿ããªæ©ãã§ãã®ãããæé ã ã¨ãã¦ããææ°ãããããªãã§æ¶ãã¡ãã£ãã®??
ããããåãè«æã®å¥ã® figure ã§ã¯ãå
ç«ç´°èã®çµæã¯ããååã¯çããååã¯é·ããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¦ãæ¶ããã¦ããªãã®ã
ä¸çªç´ ç´ã«è§£éããã¨ãå
ç«ç´°èãå
¨é¨çãéºä¼åã§ãSTAP ç´°èã«é·ãéºä¼åãå«ã¾ãã¦ããã¨ãSTAP ç´°èã®éºä¼åã®é·ããå
ã«æ»ã£ãã¨ãã解éã«ãªãããããã®ããã«è§£éã§ããä½å°ãæ®ãããã«æ¶ããã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªãã®ã ããã©ãããããã«å¤§å¤ãæ¨ã¦ãããéºä¼åãå
ã«æ»ãã¨ããã®ã¯èåç¡ç¨½ã ã確ãã«ããååã¯çããååã¯é·ããå
ç«ç´°èããååã¯çããååã¯é·ããSTAP ç´°èã«ãªã£ã¦ããSTAP ç´°èãä¸è½ç´°èã«ãªã£ã証æ ã§ã¯ãªããã§ãããããªå¸¸èçãªã¨ãããæé ãã¦ããã¬ãã«æ±ºã¾ã£ã¦ããã
ã§ãããããããå°ãªãã¨ãä¸ã¤ã®ãã¨ãåãããã ã
å°ä¿æ¹ããã ããããªãã¦ããã®è«æã®å
±èè
8人ã¯å
¨å¡ãå
ç«ç´°èã®éºä¼ååæ§æãã§å¯¾ç«éºä¼åæé¤ãåãã¦ãããã¨ãç¥ããªãã£ã¦ãã¨ã ãæãããåé¡ããã£ãã®ã¯å°ä¿æ¹ããã ããããªãã
*1:æ¤åãããããªè«æ: Nature 505, 641–647 (30 January 2014) doi:10.1038/nature12968 Stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency | Nature
*2:åé¡ã®ç®æã¯ããã§ããããå ç«ã§éºä¼åãã£ã¦ããã¤ãªãããããTCRã®DNA解æã§ã¬ã¼ã³ï¼ã®ï¼§ï¼¬ã«ãã³ãããªã件ã¯å ¨ç¶ãããããâ¦â¦èè ã¯æå³çã«GLããã³ãããªãããã«è¦ãããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ãååå¾ã®ï¼´ç´°èãç¨ãããã¨ã示ããã¨ç´°å·¥ããããã ãããããTCRbetaã§ã¯å¯¾ç«éºä¼åæé¤ãåãã®ã§çæ¹ã®ç¸åæè²ä½ã§ã¯ï¼§ï¼¬åã®é åããã¤ã¯ãï¼ãã£ã¦ï¼ªï¼¥ï¼è«æã®ããã«ï¼§ï¼¬ã«ãã³ããåºãã¯ãï¼ããããç¥ããã«é¦¬èãç¾ãããã
*3:å ã«æ»ãã¨ããã®ã¯ãæ¨æ¸¬ãæ··ãã£ã¦ãã¾ããããã®æ¨æ¸¬ã¯ãç»åã®æé ã®ããæ¹ãå¾åºãã®ãããã³ã«ã¨æ´åçã«è§£éãããã®ã§ãããããã¾ã§ã¯æ¸ããã¦ãã¾ããã§ãããè°è«ããã¦ããæä¸ã«æ··åããããã§ãã
*4:åä¸