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The first comfort stations under direct Japanese military control were in Shanghai in 1932, following vicious clashes between Japanese troops and the Chinese. One of the commanders involved in the Shanghai campaign, Lieutenant-General Okamura Yasuji, confessed, 'though with embarrassment', in memoirs published in 1970 (Suzuki Yuko 1992), that he was the original proponent of comfort stations for the Army. After 223 reported rape cases by Japanese troops, he sought a solution by 'following local naval practice', and requested the governor of Nagasaki Prefecture to send a contingent of comfort women to Shanghai. Rape report then fell off markedly, providing a rationale for the subsequent expansion of military prostitution.
These comfort women were made up of Koreans, not from the Korean Peninsula but from the North Kyushu mining area of Japan, where there was a Korean community.
(George Hicks "The Comfort Women", 1995 W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, p. 45)
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11. The first military sexual slaves were Koreans from the North Kyushu area of Japan, and were sent, at the request of one of the commanding officers of the army, by the Governor of Nagasaki Prefecture.
24. The first comfort stations under direct Japanese control were those in Shanghai in 1932, and there is first-hand evidence of official involvement in their establishment. One of the commanders of the Shanghai campaign, Lieutenant-General Okamura Yasuji, confessed in his memoirs to have been the original proponent of comfort stations for the military. Ibid., p. 19. There had been a very high incidence of rape by Japanese troops and, in response, a number of Korean women from a Korean community in Japan were sent to the province by the Governor of Nagasaki Prefecture.
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