February 26, 2012
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申由鐃緒申鐃夙�展鐃淑わ申鐃塾ｏ申鐃緒申
鐃淑常申鐃緒申鐃緒申
3 鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申个里呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申砲發�鐃緒申鐃緒申蕕削申鐃�90年鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春は￥申Public Understanding of Science鐃緒 鐃淑以駕申PUS鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃祝わ申鐃醇心鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申多鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃春となってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
3-1 Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
Ziman鐃緒申Wynne鐃塾種申鐃祝はやい鐃緒申鐃准とわ申鐃銃は￥申Durant鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申擇鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(Durant et al1992)鐃緒申鐃緒申 鐃旬稿で紹介すわ申他鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申醗磴わ申鐃�Durant鐃緒申呂爐件申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申文遒刻申鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃初こ鐃塾醐申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申仍鐃緒申離錙種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣プに緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申側鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃準が鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚靴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申箸鐃夙どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃巡い鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申無鐃緒申任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(a so-called 'deficit' model of the public understanding of science)鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃初こ鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申呂鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃につわ申鐃銃は以駕申鐃塾よう鐃淑緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝わ申鐃出￥申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴随申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃淑り、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申匹里鐃緒申蕕わ申鐃粛�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑か鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(According to the deficit model, science is seen as a well-defined body of knowledge, and the public is judged according to how much of this knowledge it possesses) (p.162).
鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙￥申Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃�Ziman鐃塾￥申単鐃緒申福峽鐃叔￥申廛鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙みとはなわ申覆鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申2-1鐃緒申鐃夙）わ申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申埜鐃祝￥申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃渋�鐃暑た鐃緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃科学わ申鐃塾わ申里鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃叔なわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申摘鐃盾し鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃所が鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申幣鐃塾居申鐃述わ申続鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃舜わ申鐃緒申判鐃薯３わ申鐃緒申鵑靴討鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申譴常申譟�PUS鐃緒申鐃緒申牢鐃緒申鐃祝掲載わ申鐃曙たWynne, Levy-Leblond, Fayerd鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃塾種申兵鐃縦ワ申箸覆辰討鐃緒申襦ｏ申造呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞六箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申悗鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃�Durant鐃初が鐃粛わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃塾使わ申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申蠅�鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆襦�Durant鐃初が鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃挙げわ申里鐃�(1) 鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申侶呂鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚垢襪鰹申箸撚奮悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申misrepresent)(2)鐃淑鰹申的鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃緒申鐃順衆鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑�￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申愀鐃緒申覆里如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃�(3) 鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑ワ申妊鐃祝なってわ申鐃殉ってわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃初が鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃夙なわ申茲�鐃淑「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣は￥申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討痢峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑みに￥申Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申呂鐃緒申戮堂奮悗琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔э申瓩随申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰瞳鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃淑常申竜鐃緒申劼里匹鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は」とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔の居申鐃述わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝みて￥申Durant鐃初が鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃塾は￥申鐃宿のわ申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑か鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃叔器申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申弌鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃暑３鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃縦まわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申侶鐃叔￥申両鐃緒申屬鐃渋�鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃祝述べわ申鐃銃はわ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔はわ申鐃塾わ申鐃夙にどわ申鐃緒申辰董覆鐃緒申鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔の）件申如鐃緒申妊鐃重�鐃淑逸申味鐃叔の醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃所す鐃暑か鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃巡々鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申Durant鐃初が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申任侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申痢岼鐃緒申鐃緒申廚箸澆覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿も、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙もそ鐃緒申鐃縮�鐃旬に件申咾弔鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申認鐃潤た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申癲�Durant鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申覆辰討鐃緒申襦�
3-2 Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の醐申鐃緒申
Wynne 鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃初くWynne鐃緒申鐃夙にわ申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣へわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の醐申鐃准わ申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。1992年鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃夙�表鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃塾逸申帖法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討牢鐃熟�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃でわ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟使わず鐃祝済まわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
Wynne鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申頭鐃潤く鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申箸辰討鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申連鐃舜わ申発展鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃盾し鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃粛鰹申琉鐃縦は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ッワ申鐃緒申鐃淑ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申譴随申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申發随申蕕居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃渋�鐃縮にわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申反鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃叔わ申鐃初あ鐃暑か鐃盾し鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申攀鐃祝わ申鐃暑。(One reason why developing these connections might be productive lies in the evidence that orthodox approaches to public understanding of science, which begin from the 'deficit model' of the public, have had only limited benefit, and may even be counterproductive in important respects. (pp.321-322)
同鐃緒申鐃准￥申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申之鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申砲弔鐃緒申討楼焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃祝わ申劼戮鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所さ鐃曙たPUS鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申判鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鷦┐任鐃緒申襪�鐃夙尋ねわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申笋わ申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(It is a legitimate question to ask critics of the discredited 'deficit model' of PUS whether they can offer something better to replace it)(p.322)
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ワ申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑刻申鐃緒申物鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申deficit model is more an ideological construct than a research model. (p.322)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申p.327,p.329鐃淑どわ申deficit鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申側鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃緒申佞箸鐃緒申道箸鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃夙￥申"reflexive deficit" (p.329)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔科学者わ申側鐃塾種申鐃淑の件申如鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃緒申佞箸鐃緒申討鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃祝件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾はまっわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛随申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦刻申鐃緒申能鐃塾逸申鐃術でも、鐃述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里浪奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃暑ア鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�_鐃緒申鐃緒申_鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申鐃塾緒申発鐃緒申鐃夙なわ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は書かわ申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申廚里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋奪鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜のワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙は￥申鐃春にわ申鐃緒申鐃出￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟常申鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃塾わ申里砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申任呂覆鐃緒申覆弔泙鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B鐃叔はなわ申鐃祝わ申鐃夙になる。鐃準し鐃緒申Wynne鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(deficit model of the public)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はどわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申隼廚鐃緒申襦�A,B,C鐃叔醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申A鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申飽鐃緒申峩瓩わ申鐃緒申鐃�A鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襪随申瓠�藤鐃緒申鐃塾リス鐃夙の（ｏ申鐃祝のよう鐃淑￥申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申有鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉まわ申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃夙わ申鐃緒申A鐃夙駈申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙につわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶傍鵑欧鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申聾鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申Wynne鐃緒申頭鐃緒申鐃緒申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申錬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のわ申里噺鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のわ申痢砲鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術醐申法鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜のワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆蠅緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃渋ワ申覆鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃盾そ鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申董砲砲弔鐃緒申討鐃塾�鐃緒申呂泙辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はわ申鐃所う鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申隋�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申于鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃準す鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙もそ鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼ぶのわ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申 "deficit model' of PUS" 鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃淑わ申鐃塾で￥申鐃淑わ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B鐃祝近い鐃緒申里鐃粛わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申測鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾、鐃緒申鐃塾駈申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ははっわ申鐃所し鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝は科鰹申的鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾はわ申鐃緒申鐃初く鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃醇心鐃祝わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋常申砲匹里茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申于奮惻圓箸隆愀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰櫃離丱鐃緒申弔某鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝常申鐃緒申鬚修鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出科鰹申鐃緒申鐃薯が随申鐃殉る、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃淑随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申辰鐃緒申茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申砲呂呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙で￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申覆里鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃宿鰹申鬚�と￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て居申鐃巡が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申雰鐃縮となる。
3-3 Gross鐃塾常申鐃�
Gross 鐃緒申1994年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃盾、鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Gross 1994) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙任妨鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申里曚箸鐃宿では￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申癸縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申抻鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申任鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝わ申鐃緒申文鐃塾逸申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Gross鐃祝誌申辰討茲�鐃巡く鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申紊駕申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申暴于颪Δ鐃緒申箸砲覆襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申舒討箸鐃緒申謄鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑弧�鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(contextual model)鐃夙呼ぶわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃緒申分鐃熟に緒申鐃緒申鐃舜わ申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬稿わ申鐃緒申的鐃緒申両鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙之鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申濃箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃竣づわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申鐃緒申里如鐃緒申鐃緒申隆愎鐃緒申砲鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申抜鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃夙にわ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬緒申鐃緒申鐃舜は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿�鐃竣な醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討裡鐃緒申弔亮鐃緒申廚淵鐃叔ル、鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃淑弧�鐃緒申妊襦�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申澆暴个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申有鐃緒申(鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷・ペッパ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔の）器申鐃獣メタ鐃春ワ申鐃緒申(root metaphor)鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申探鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗僚鐃淑�鐃緒申(scientific sufficiency)鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申(public deficiency)鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申未箸鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂鐃重�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任鵬奮悗硫鐃緒申佑砲弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅�鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申録鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃循わ申鐃処う鐃夙わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任某鐃緒申蠅件申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所す鐃暑か鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申麓鐃銃暗�鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申洌佞鐃緒申襦ｏ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里發緒申鐃熟科学の誌申鐃渋わ申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申慮造鐃曙た鐃出醐申鐃緒申認鐃緒申能鐃熟に緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申働鐃緒申鐃緒申肇鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申必鐃竣とわ申鐃暑か鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟科学のわ申鐃処い認鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�[鐃緒申肇鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申]鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討聾惻鐃�(epideictic)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になる。鐃緒申
In its analytical role, rhetoric reveals two dominant models of public understanding in need of definition: the deficit and the contextual. The deficit model explores the ramification of its particular root metaphor( in Stephen Pepper's sense): scientific sufficiency and public deficiency. In consequence, the deficit model is asymmetrical: its practitioners do not try to persuade; they assume that the public is already persuaded of the value of science. They do not try to build trust; they assume that public is already trusting. The deficit model implies a passive public: it requires a rhetoric that acts to accommodate the facts and methods of science to the public's limited experience and cognitive capacities. The goal is a better appreciation of science; the genre is epideictic. (pp.5-6)
Gross 鐃塾わ申鐃塾箇緒申任痢峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞了箸鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討泙鐃緒申鐃叔э申任鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申泙鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲呂覆辰討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾メタ鐃春ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申展鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃塾件申未箸鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦э申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃夙￥申鐃熟述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ル自鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃所た鐃淑学者と件申乏鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃夙ワ申奪鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申里呂鐃緒申戮瞳鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申覆里鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾蠅�鐃緒申鐃夙緒申任任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃春緒申慮鐃夙常申蓮峽鐃縮とわ申鐃銃￥申(in consequence)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃叔はわ申鐃殉ってわ申鐃暑か鐃初、鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃縮とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃緒申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申譴緒申鐃緒申任發�鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉で醐申密鐃淑醐申鐃春醐申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑か鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂里覆鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申里呂泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗硫鐃緒申佑鐃叔э申瓠�鐃淑学者わ申鐃所し鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾器申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃出場す鐃緒申里篭鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任妨鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃巡た鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃銃ラシ鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討呂鐃緒申泙鐃宿�鐃竣なわ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃楯わ申鐃緒申直鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃淑ら、鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆蠅緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑海鐃殉で出てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾どわ申箸鐃純う鐃塾で￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃夙呼ぶわ申鐃夙にわ申鐃処う鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E
鐃緒申鐃淑学と醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜件申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃醐申鐃楯の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申
Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑証居申呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申媾鐃塾醐申半鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃準し鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃夙考わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃盾う鐃緒申帖鐃�Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃駿わ申鐃熟￥申鐃舜科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申砲鐃緒申仂譴刻申鐃�deficient鐃緒申sufficient鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃出場す鐃暑こ鐃夙でわ申鐃暑。藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃�Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔￥申1994年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉でわ申鐃緒申表的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮓�てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉でのとわ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃塾ではっわ申鐃所し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃駕申瓩刻申鐃淑わ申弌鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申A鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申砲鐃緒申羶器申法鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申D鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾のワ申妊鐃緒申,鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申砲覆匹伐鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ぞ鐃曙見鐃緒申譴随申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は￥申Ziman 鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮任鐃緒申襦�
4 鐃舜科学の醐申鐃薯？￥申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申年鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃叔醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申典鐃緒申琉鐃縦とわ申鐃銃挙げわ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申慍奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃� 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃淑学と居申鐃術の再刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Misunderstanding Science?: Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology) 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申Irwin鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃峻緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃�(Irwin and Wynne 1966)鐃緒申鐃渋際￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃祝種申鐃遵げ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述はわ申鐃曙が鐃叔緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
4-1鐃緒申文
Irwin and Wynne (1996b) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜科学の醐申鐃薯？』の緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃祝述べてわ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵝◆慍奮悗慮鐃緒申髻�』とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申砲蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申泙任鐃緒申鐃淑に逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申命鐃宿わ申払鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃祝わ申鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙なってわ申鐃緒申里浪奮悗砲弔鐃緒申討慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申峺鐃緒申鬚靴討鐃緒申鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申魘�わ申討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申螢刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃処５鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼ぶわ申鐃夙わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申 Of course, Misunderstanding Science? runs the risk of reinforcing the very notion that we have already tried so hard to dispel, i.e. that the problem is one of the public 'misunderstanding' science (what we can call the 'deficit' models discussed, for example, chapters 2 and 5).(p.10)
鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃淳につわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出場し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申覆鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝近い表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃出￥申鐃瞬科学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃峻随申鐃竣などわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃準し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鬚靴討鐃緒申襪鰹申伴鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申立鐃緒申鐃舜わ申鐃銃件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝も見鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申B鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂辰鐃緒申蠅居申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃処５鐃熟を見てみわ申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
4-2 Irwin鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�
鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�Irwin 鐃緒申砲鐃緒申峅奮悗肇悒襯削申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃所す鐃緒申呂任鐃緒申鐃�(Irwin et al 1996)鐃緒申Irwin鐃熟緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻でもあ鐃緒申里如鐃塾常申圓侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申離鐃緒申瓠種申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申飽鐃緒申廚鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ぞ鐃緒申他鐃塾駈申鐃緒申鐃峻もい鐃暑こ鐃夙なので￥申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申頭鐃春駈申埜鐃緒申擇鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申觸常申莊随申離鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申奮悄鐃緒申鐃縮縁申愀鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑「件申如鐃竣（なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ラ・鐃初サ鐃祝ワ申妊鐃�(a crude 'deficit' (or tabula rasa) model of the science-citizen relationship) 鐃緒申鐃所し鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申(p.48)
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申廚呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申虜能鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷さわ申討鐃緒申覽随申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃瞬環駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討慮鐃緒申澆隆愎鐃緒申硫鐃緒申如鐃緒申匹里茲�鐃淑常申鐃藷源わ申存鐃淳わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟どのわ申鐃初い有鐃術に醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申劼箸咾箸呂匹鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙関件申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬逸申味鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申廚里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.47)
鐃遵記鐃塾逸申鐃緒申文鐃塾醐申如鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹里茲�鐃祝科学わ申鐃獣醐申的鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃緒申鐃淑ってわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申羶甘�鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃�(the central issue is the public failure to understand science) 鐃夙述べわ申譟�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔はわ申鐃緒申醗曚覆襦�鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋常申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術￥申鐃獣わ申文脈鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃塾（ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申痢砲箸鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術）わ申纏襪刻申襯�鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝述べてはわ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申里痢鐃緒申峺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚靴鐃緒申鐃緒申覆辰討鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃塾わ申Irwin鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申醗鐃緒申廚鐃緒申襪�鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申文鐃叔醐申鐃緒申problem鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申issue鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃舜わ申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申羶甘�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟っわ申鐃所さ鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃塾でわ申鐃暑。単鐃緒申法鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃竣に関わ申鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃竣わ申鐃緒申亡超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃誌申民鐃緒申鐃宿のよう鐃祝常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申剖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝思わ申鐃暑。
鐃渋はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑弧�鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆辰討鐃緒申鐃塾わ申1985年鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃緒申立鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�PUS (public understanding of science)鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃�(The Royal Society 1985)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮悗鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃祝縁申(national prosperity)鐃緒申必鐃竣でわ申鐃所、鐃循急に種申鐃緒申箸泙佑个覆鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申櫃里鐃塾でわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申鐃塾逸申亡悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃出￥申両鐃峻のワ申鐃潤ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申楼鐃緒申廚鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲覆襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊襪�鐃旬稿で醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾どわ申鐃準型鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃塾はわ申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申痢鐃緒申諭鐃緒申硫奮悗鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃駿ワ申亡悗鐃緒申鐃出醐申的鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申泙辰撞鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲泙濃鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃のわ申里任鐃緒申鐃�(鐃舜科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申粒鐃緒申廚鐃緒申匆陲気鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里脳椶鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯参照わ申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申 "the science-citizen relationship"鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初す鐃緒申函鐃�Irwin鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟科学と誌申民鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝の関件申鐃熟どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲弔鐃緒申討琉鐃縦の醐申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙駕申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝述べてわ申鐃緒申錣縁申任呂覆鐃緒申里如鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾器申鐃旬わ申發�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃粛わ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申箸箸襪鰹申箸癲�鐃淑学駈申鐃緒申里鐃緒申蠅�鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃夙とるこ鐃夙わ申任鐃緒申襪件申鐃緒申發�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃祝栄のわ申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸箸襪鰹申箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申淵鐃緒申鐃緒申螢刻申鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鳳匹慮鐃緒申箸覆鐃塾は科鰹申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ル？鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�Irwin鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊襪�鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚離侫譟種申潺鵐阿剖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑常申里鐃緒申箸呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂硫鐃緒申砲發�鐃銃はまるし鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂任鐃緒申離侫譟種申潺鵐阿鐃銃縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申歉擇呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃殉わ申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申謬瓩件申討發件申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃淑常申鐃淑�鐃熟わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申蠅緒申鐃緒申焚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申胴佑鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗隼鐃縮縁申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲里鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃舜件申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙埜鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里匹鐃夙わ申鐃緒申妙鐃祝わ申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申屬箸鐃緒申討老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申B鐃夙件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃夙わ申鐃銃駈申鐃縮わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F
鐃緒申鐃淑学と誌申民/鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申愀鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃э申泙鐃緒申峠鐃緒申呂鐃縦常申鐃緒申覆蕁�鐃緒申鐃熟わ申泙鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃緒申鐃獣をしてわ申鐃緒申伐鐃潤し鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃峻種申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申弔硫鐃叔緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申董鐃�Irwin鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F鐃緒申念頭鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申筆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ではなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
4-3 Michael鐃緒申鐃緒申文
鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申涵呂鐃�Michael 鐃塾「科学わ申無鐃暑す鐃暑こ鐃夙」（件申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝を見てみよう (Michael 1996)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃祝まとわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂鐃重�鐃祝￥申鐃述駕申調鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃塾客器申的鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述わ申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申咾鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申凌諭鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑件申鐃緒申(intellectual deficiencies i people's understandings as measured against some objective or authoritative body of scientific knowledge)鐃祝常申鐃緒申鐃薯あてる傾鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃渋際￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申Brian Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申名鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里妨納鐃�(adhere)鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃淑駕申鐃峻）わ申鐃塾よう鐃淑￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯機鰹申的鐃叔科学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申瞳鐃緒申遒件申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃銃とらえ鐃暑見鐃緒申(this view of the public as mechanistic and deficient with regard to the understanding of science)鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申鐃叔ミッワ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申妨造鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.109)
鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃春緒申鐃緒申鐃夙常申任鐃縦器申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃曙、鐃緒申半鐃叔は醐申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙意図わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃塾は醐申半鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙は緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂離鐃緒申瓠種申鐃緒申箸呂鐃緒申鐃緒申岼磴�鐃処う鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃述とわ申鐃夙で醐申鐃獣て￥申Michael鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃旬種申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙とらえ鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申泙埜鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申犒随申鐃緒申鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃緒申McKechnie鐃緒申Macdonald鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃銃わ申(MS p.136, p, 154) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Michael鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申董峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃淑常申鐃淑�鐃熟わ申泙箸鐃緒申函鐃緒申慍奮悗慮鐃緒申髻�』にわ申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は駕申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉で醐申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃熟進わ申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申同鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申圓砲鐃獣て駕申鐃駿削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所、鐃緒申半鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申笋鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申D鐃初し鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃叔緒申房鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃獣わ申鐃塾に￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻となってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申爐件申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃緒申側鐃祝なってわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙でわ申鐃暑。
鐃淑わ申鐃緒申砲弔鼎鐃緒申鐃�
3 鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃塾緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申个里呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申砲發�鐃緒申鐃緒申蕕削申鐃�90年鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春は￥申Public Understanding of Science鐃緒 鐃淑以駕申PUS鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃祝わ申鐃醇心鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申多鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃春となってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
3-1 Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
Ziman鐃緒申Wynne鐃塾種申鐃祝はやい鐃緒申鐃准とわ申鐃銃は￥申Durant鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申擇鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(Durant et al1992)鐃緒申鐃緒申 鐃旬稿で紹介すわ申他鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申醗磴わ申鐃�Durant鐃緒申呂爐件申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申文遒刻申鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃初こ鐃塾醐申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申仍鐃緒申離錙種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣プに緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申側鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃準が鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚靴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申箸鐃夙どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃巡い鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申無鐃緒申任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(a so-called 'deficit' model of the public understanding of science)鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃初こ鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申呂鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃につわ申鐃銃は以駕申鐃塾よう鐃淑緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝わ申鐃出￥申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申譴随申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃淑り、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申匹里鐃緒申蕕わ申鐃粛�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑か鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(According to the deficit model, science is seen as a well-defined body of knowledge, and the public is judged according to how much of this knowledge it possesses) (p.162).
鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙￥申Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃�Ziman鐃塾￥申単鐃緒申福峽鐃叔￥申廛鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙みとはなわ申覆鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申2-1鐃緒申鐃夙）わ申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申埜鐃祝￥申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃渋�鐃暑た鐃緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃科学わ申鐃塾わ申里鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃叔なわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申摘鐃盾し鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃所が鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申幣鐃塾居申鐃述わ申続鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃舜わ申鐃緒申判鐃薯３わ申鐃緒申鵑靴討鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申譴常申譟�PUS鐃緒申鐃緒申牢鐃緒申鐃祝掲載わ申鐃曙たWynne, Levy-Leblond, Fayerd鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃塾種申兵鐃縦ワ申箸覆辰討鐃緒申襦ｏ申造呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞六箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申悗鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃�Durant鐃初が鐃粛わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃塾使わ申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申蠅�鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆襦�Durant鐃初が鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃挙げわ申里鐃�(1) 鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申侶呂鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚垢襪鰹申箸撚奮悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申misrepresent)(2)鐃淑鰹申的鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃緒申鐃順衆鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑�￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申愀鐃緒申覆里如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申評鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃�(3) 鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑ワ申妊鐃祝なってわ申鐃殉ってわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申函鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃初が鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃緒申鐃夙なわ申茲�鐃淑「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣は￥申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討痢峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑みに￥申Durant鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申呂鐃緒申戮堂奮悗琉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔э申瓩随申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰瞳鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃淑常申竜鐃緒申劼里匹鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は」とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔の居申鐃述わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝みて￥申Durant鐃初が鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃塾は￥申鐃宿のわ申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑か鐃緒申鐃緒申判鐃叔器申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申弌鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃暑３鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃縦まわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申侶鐃叔￥申両鐃緒申屬鐃渋�鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃祝述べわ申鐃銃はわ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔はわ申鐃塾わ申鐃夙にどわ申鐃緒申辰董覆鐃緒申鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔の）件申如鐃緒申妊鐃重�鐃淑逸申味鐃叔の醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃所す鐃暑か鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃巡々鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申Durant鐃初が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申任侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申痢岼鐃緒申鐃緒申廚箸澆覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿も、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙もそ鐃緒申鐃縮�鐃旬に件申咾弔鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申認鐃潤た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申癲�Durant鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申覆辰討鐃緒申襦�
3-2 Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の醐申鐃緒申
Wynne 鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃初くWynne鐃緒申鐃夙にわ申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣へわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の醐申鐃准わ申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。1992年鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃夙�表鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃塾逸申帖法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討牢鐃熟�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃でわ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟使わず鐃祝済まわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
Wynne鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申頭鐃潤く鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申箸辰討鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申連鐃舜わ申発展鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃盾し鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃粛鰹申琉鐃縦は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿ッワ申鐃緒申鐃淑ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋わ申譴随申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申發随申蕕居申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃渋�鐃縮にわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申反鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃叔わ申鐃初あ鐃暑か鐃盾し鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申攀鐃祝わ申鐃暑。(One reason why developing these connections might be productive lies in the evidence that orthodox approaches to public understanding of science, which begin from the 'deficit model' of the public, have had only limited benefit, and may even be counterproductive in important respects. (pp.321-322)
同鐃緒申鐃准￥申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申之鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申砲弔鐃緒申討楼焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃祝わ申劼戮鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所さ鐃曙たPUS鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申判鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鷦┐任鐃緒申襪�鐃夙尋ねわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申笋わ申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(It is a legitimate question to ask critics of the discredited 'deficit model' of PUS whether they can offer something better to replace it)(p.322)
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟ワ申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑刻申鐃緒申物鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申deficit model is more an ideological construct than a research model. (p.322)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申p.327,p.329鐃淑どわ申deficit鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申側鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃緒申佞箸鐃緒申道箸鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃夙￥申"reflexive deficit" (p.329)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔科学者わ申側鐃塾種申鐃淑の件申如鐃緒申悗鐃緒申鐃緒申佞箸鐃緒申討鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃祝件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾はまっわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛随申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦刻申鐃緒申能鐃塾逸申鐃術でも、鐃述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里浪奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃暑ア鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�_鐃緒申鐃緒申_鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申鐃塾緒申発鐃緒申鐃夙なわ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は書かわ申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申廚里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申疋奪鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜のワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙は￥申鐃春にわ申鐃緒申鐃出￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟常申鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃塾わ申里砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申任呂覆鐃緒申覆弔泙鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B鐃叔はなわ申鐃祝わ申鐃夙になる。鐃準し鐃緒申Wynne鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(deficit model of the public)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はどわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申隼廚鐃緒申襦�A,B,C鐃叔醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申A鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申飽鐃緒申峩瓩わ申鐃緒申鐃�A鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襪随申瓠�藤鐃緒申鐃塾リス鐃夙の（ｏ申鐃祝のよう鐃淑￥申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申有鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉まわ申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃夙わ申鐃緒申A鐃夙駈申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙につわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶傍鵑欧鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申聾鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申Wynne鐃緒申頭鐃緒申鐃緒申任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申錬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のわ申里噺鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のわ申痢砲鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術醐申法鐃夙わ申鐃銃は￥申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜のワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆蠅緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃渋ワ申覆鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃盾そ鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申董砲砲弔鐃緒申討鐃塾�鐃緒申呂泙辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙はわ申鐃所う鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申隋�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申于鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃準す鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙もそ鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼ぶのわ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申 "deficit model' of PUS" 鐃祝つわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃淑わ申鐃塾で￥申鐃淑わ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B鐃祝近い鐃緒申里鐃粛わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申測鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾、鐃緒申鐃塾駈申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ははっわ申鐃所し鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝は科鰹申的鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾はわ申鐃緒申鐃初く鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃醇心鐃祝わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋常申砲匹里茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申于奮惻圓箸隆愀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰櫃離丱鐃緒申弔某鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝常申鐃緒申鬚修鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出科鰹申鐃緒申鐃薯が随申鐃殉る、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃淑随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申辰鐃緒申茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申砲呂呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙で￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申覆里鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃宿鰹申鬚�と￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て居申鐃巡が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申雰鐃縮となる。
3-3 Gross鐃塾常申鐃�
Gross 鐃緒申1994年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃盾、鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討茲�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Gross 1994) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙任妨鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申里曚箸鐃宿では￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申癸縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申抻鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申任鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝わ申鐃緒申文鐃塾逸申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Gross鐃祝誌申辰討茲�鐃巡く鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申紊駕申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申暴于颪Δ鐃緒申箸砲覆襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申舒討箸鐃緒申謄鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑弧�鐃緒申妊鐃緒申(contextual model)鐃夙呼ぶわ申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃緒申分鐃熟に緒申鐃緒申鐃舜わ申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬稿わ申鐃緒申的鐃緒申両鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙之鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申濃箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃竣づわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙にわ申鐃緒申里如鐃緒申鐃緒申隆愎鐃緒申砲鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申抜鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃夙にわ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬緒申鐃緒申鐃舜は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿�鐃竣な醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討裡鐃緒申弔亮鐃緒申廚淵鐃叔ル、鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃淑弧�鐃緒申妊襦�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申澆暴个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申有鐃緒申(鐃緒申鐃銃ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷・ペッパ￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔の）器申鐃獣メタ鐃春ワ申鐃緒申(root metaphor)鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申探鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗僚鐃淑�鐃緒申(scientific sufficiency)鐃夙醐申鐃緒申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申(public deficiency)鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申未箸鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂鐃重�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申圓鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任鵬奮悗硫鐃緒申佑砲弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅�鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申録鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃循わ申鐃処う鐃夙わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申任某鐃緒申蠅件申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所す鐃暑か鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申麓鐃銃暗�鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申洌佞鐃緒申襦ｏ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里發緒申鐃熟科学の誌申鐃渋わ申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申慮造鐃曙た鐃出醐申鐃緒申認鐃緒申能鐃熟に緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申働鐃緒申鐃緒申肇鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申必鐃竣とわ申鐃暑か鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟科学のわ申鐃処い認鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�[鐃緒申肇鐃獣ワ申鐃緒申]鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討聾惻鐃�(epideictic)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になる。鐃緒申
In its analytical role, rhetoric reveals two dominant models of public understanding in need of definition: the deficit and the contextual. The deficit model explores the ramification of its particular root metaphor( in Stephen Pepper's sense): scientific sufficiency and public deficiency. In consequence, the deficit model is asymmetrical: its practitioners do not try to persuade; they assume that the public is already persuaded of the value of science. They do not try to build trust; they assume that public is already trusting. The deficit model implies a passive public: it requires a rhetoric that acts to accommodate the facts and methods of science to the public's limited experience and cognitive capacities. The goal is a better appreciation of science; the genre is epideictic. (pp.5-6)
Gross 鐃塾わ申鐃塾箇緒申任痢峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞了箸鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討泙鐃緒申鐃叔э申任鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申泙鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲呂覆辰討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾メタ鐃春ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申展鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃塾件申未箸鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦э申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃夙￥申鐃熟述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ル自鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋�鐃所た鐃淑学者と件申乏鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃夙ワ申奪鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申里呂鐃緒申戮瞳鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申覆里鐃緒申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾蠅�鐃緒申鐃夙緒申任任鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃春緒申慮鐃夙常申蓮峽鐃縮とわ申鐃銃￥申(in consequence)鐃夙わ申鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃叔はわ申鐃殉ってわ申鐃暑か鐃初、鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃縮とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃緒申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申譴緒申鐃緒申任發�鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉で醐申密鐃淑醐申鐃春醐申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃暑か鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂里覆鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申里呂泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗硫鐃緒申佑鐃叔э申瓠�鐃淑学者わ申鐃所し鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾器申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃出場す鐃緒申里篭鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任妨鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃巡た鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃銃ラシ鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討呂鐃緒申泙鐃宿�鐃竣なわ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃楯わ申鐃緒申直鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃淑ら、鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆蠅緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵑海鐃殉で出てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾どわ申箸鐃純う鐃塾で￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃夙呼ぶわ申鐃夙にわ申鐃処う鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E
鐃緒申鐃淑学と醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜件申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃醐申鐃楯の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申
Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑証居申呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僂鐃緒申鐃緒申媾鐃塾醐申半鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃準し鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃夙考わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃盾う鐃緒申帖鐃�Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃駿わ申鐃熟￥申鐃舜科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申砲鐃緒申仂譴刻申鐃�deficient鐃緒申sufficient鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃出場す鐃暑こ鐃夙でわ申鐃暑。藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申鐃�Durant鐃緒申鐃�Gross鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔￥申1994年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉でわ申鐃緒申表的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮓�てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉でのとわ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃塾ではっわ申鐃所し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃駕申瓩刻申鐃淑わ申弌鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申A鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申砲鐃緒申羶器申法鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申D鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾のワ申妊鐃緒申,鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�E鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申砲覆匹伐鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ぞ鐃曙見鐃緒申譴随申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は￥申Ziman 鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮任鐃緒申襦�
4 鐃舜科学の醐申鐃薯？￥申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申年鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃叔醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申典鐃緒申琉鐃縦とわ申鐃銃挙げわ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申慍奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃� 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃淑学と居申鐃術の再刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Misunderstanding Science?: Public Reconstruction of Science and Technology) 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申Irwin鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃峻緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃�(Irwin and Wynne 1966)鐃緒申鐃渋際￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃祝種申鐃遵げ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述はわ申鐃曙が鐃叔緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
4-1鐃緒申文
Irwin and Wynne (1996b) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜科学の醐申鐃薯？』の緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃祝述べてわ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵝◆慍奮悗慮鐃緒申髻�』とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙ワ申砲蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申泙任鐃緒申鐃淑に逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申命鐃宿わ申払鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃祝わ申鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙なってわ申鐃緒申里浪奮悗砲弔鐃緒申討慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申峺鐃緒申鬚靴討鐃緒申鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申魘�わ申討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申螢刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃塾考わ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃処５鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼ぶわ申鐃夙わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申 Of course, Misunderstanding Science? runs the risk of reinforcing the very notion that we have already tried so hard to dispel, i.e. that the problem is one of the public 'misunderstanding' science (what we can call the 'deficit' models discussed, for example, chapters 2 and 5).(p.10)
鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃淳につわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申董鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出場し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申覆鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝近い表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃出￥申鐃瞬科学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃峻随申鐃竣などわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃準し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鬚靴討鐃緒申襪鰹申伴鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申立鐃緒申鐃舜わ申鐃銃件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝も見鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申B鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂辰鐃緒申蠅居申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃処５鐃熟を見てみわ申必鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃暑。
4-2 Irwin鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑�
鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃�Irwin 鐃緒申砲鐃緒申峅奮悗肇悒襯削申鐃緒申奪鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃所す鐃緒申呂任鐃緒申鐃�(Irwin et al 1996)鐃緒申Irwin鐃熟緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻でもあ鐃緒申里如鐃塾常申圓侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申離鐃緒申瓠種申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申飽鐃緒申廚鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙器申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙ぞ鐃緒申他鐃塾駈申鐃緒申鐃峻もい鐃暑こ鐃夙なので￥申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃緒申必鐃竣はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申頭鐃春駈申埜鐃緒申擇鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申鐃緒申个鐃緒申觸常申莊随申離鐃緒申廛鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申奮悄鐃緒申鐃縮縁申愀鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑「件申如鐃竣（なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬ラ・鐃初サ鐃祝ワ申妊鐃�(a crude 'deficit' (or tabula rasa) model of the science-citizen relationship) 鐃緒申鐃所し鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申(p.48)
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃塾居申鐃緒申廚呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申虜能鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃藷さわ申討鐃緒申覽随申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃瞬環駈申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討慮鐃緒申澆隆愎鐃緒申硫鐃緒申如鐃緒申匹里茲�鐃淑常申鐃藷源わ申存鐃淳わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟どのわ申鐃初い有鐃術に醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申劼箸咾箸呂匹鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙関件申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬逸申味鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯すわ申廚里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.47)
鐃遵記鐃塾逸申鐃緒申文鐃塾醐申如鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆匹里茲�鐃祝科学わ申鐃獣醐申的鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃緒申鐃淑ってわ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申羶甘�鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃�(the central issue is the public failure to understand science) 鐃夙述べわ申譟�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔はわ申鐃緒申醗曚覆襦�鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋常申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術￥申鐃獣わ申文脈鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃塾（ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申痢砲箸鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術）わ申纏襪刻申襯�鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝述べてはわ申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申里痢鐃緒申峺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚靴鐃緒申鐃緒申覆辰討鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃塾わ申Irwin鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申醗鐃緒申廚鐃緒申襪�鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申文鐃叔醐申鐃緒申problem鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申issue鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃舜わ申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申羶甘�鐃緒申鐃緒申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟っわ申鐃所さ鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃塾でわ申鐃暑。単鐃緒申法鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申竜鐃緒申鐃竣に関わ申鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃淑ら、鐃竣わ申鐃緒申亡超鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃銃誌申民鐃緒申鐃宿のよう鐃祝常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申剖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃処う鐃祝思わ申鐃暑。
鐃渋はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑弧�鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸覆辰討鐃緒申鐃塾わ申1985年鐃塾ワ申鐃緒申鐃所ス鐃緒申立鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�PUS (public understanding of science)鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃�(The Royal Society 1985)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫奮悗鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申促鐃淑わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃祝縁申(national prosperity)鐃緒申必鐃竣でわ申鐃所、鐃循急に種申鐃緒申箸泙佑个覆鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申櫃里鐃塾でわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申鐃塾逸申亡悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃醇心的鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃出￥申両鐃峻のワ申鐃潤ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申楼鐃緒申廚鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲覆襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊襪�鐃旬稿で醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾どわ申鐃準型鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃塾はわ申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申痢鐃緒申諭鐃緒申硫奮悗鐃緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃駿ワ申亡悗鐃緒申鐃出醐申的鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申泙辰撞鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲泙濃鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃のわ申里任鐃緒申鐃�(鐃舜科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃熟でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申粒鐃緒申廚鐃緒申匆陲気鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里脳椶鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯参照わ申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃処２鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申 "the science-citizen relationship"鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初す鐃緒申函鐃�Irwin鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟科学と誌申民鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝の関件申鐃熟どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲弔鐃緒申討琉鐃縦の醐申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃銃￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙駕申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃祝述べてわ申鐃緒申錣縁申任呂覆鐃緒申里如鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾器申鐃旬わ申發�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃粛わ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申箸箸襪鰹申箸癲�鐃淑学駈申鐃緒申里鐃緒申蠅�鐃緒申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃夙とるこ鐃夙わ申任鐃緒申襪件申鐃緒申發�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃祝栄のわ申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸箸襪鰹申箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申淵鐃緒申鐃緒申螢刻申鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鳳匹慮鐃緒申箸覆鐃塾は科鰹申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申襪鰹申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ル？鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�Irwin鐃緒申旅佑鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊襪�鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚離侫譟種申潺鵐阿剖鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋醐申鐃緒申鐃夙醐申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑常申里鐃緒申箸呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂硫鐃緒申砲發�鐃銃はまるし鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂任鐃緒申離侫譟種申潺鵐阿鐃銃縁申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申歉擇呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃殉わ申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申謬瓩件申討發件申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃淑常申鐃淑�鐃熟わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申蠅緒申鐃緒申焚鐃緒申箸鐃緒申胴佑鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗隼鐃縮縁申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲里鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃舜件申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙埜鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里匹鐃夙わ申鐃緒申妙鐃祝わ申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申屬箸鐃緒申討老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申B鐃夙件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃夙わ申鐃銃駈申鐃縮わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F
鐃緒申鐃淑学と誌申民/鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申愀鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃э申泙鐃緒申峠鐃緒申呂鐃縦常申鐃緒申覆蕁�鐃緒申鐃熟わ申泙鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃緒申鐃獣をしてわ申鐃緒申伐鐃潤し鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃峻種申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て￥申鐃緒申弔硫鐃叔緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申董鐃�Irwin鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F鐃緒申念頭鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申筆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ではなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
4-3 Michael鐃緒申鐃緒申文
鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申涵呂鐃�Michael 鐃塾「科学わ申無鐃暑す鐃暑こ鐃夙」（件申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申个鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔誌申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝を見てみよう (Michael 1996)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃祝まとわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申仂鐃重�鐃祝￥申鐃述駕申調鐃緒申鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃初か鐃塾客器申的鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃述わ申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申咾鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申凌諭鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑件申鐃緒申(intellectual deficiencies i people's understandings as measured against some objective or authoritative body of scientific knowledge)鐃祝常申鐃緒申鐃薯あてる傾鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃渋際￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃緒申Brian Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申名鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里妨納鐃�(adhere)鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃淑駕申鐃峻）わ申鐃塾よう鐃淑￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯機鰹申的鐃叔科学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申瞳鐃緒申遒件申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃銃とらえ鐃暑見鐃緒申(this view of the public as mechanistic and deficient with regard to the understanding of science)鐃熟ワ申鐃緒申鐃叔ミッワ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申妨造鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.109)
鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃春緒申鐃緒申鐃夙常申任鐃縦器申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃曙、鐃緒申半鐃叔は醐申鐃緒申鐃塾醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪緒申里鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙意図わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃塾は醐申半鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙は緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂離鐃緒申瓠種申鐃緒申箸呂鐃緒申鐃緒申岼磴�鐃処う鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃述とわ申鐃夙で醐申鐃獣て￥申Michael鐃熟件申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃旬種申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃緒申鐃夙とらえ鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申泙埜鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申犒随申鐃緒申鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃緒申McKechnie鐃緒申Macdonald鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃銃わ申(MS p.136, p, 154) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Michael鐃緒申同鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申董峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃淑常申鐃淑�鐃熟わ申泙箸鐃緒申函鐃緒申慍奮悗慮鐃緒申髻�』にわ申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は駕申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉で醐申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃熟進わ申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃は￥申同鐃緒申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申圓砲鐃獣て駕申鐃駿削申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所、鐃緒申半鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�F鐃緒申鐃緒申半鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�D鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃緒申笋鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申D鐃初し鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃叔緒申房鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃獣わ申鐃塾に￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻となってわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申爐件申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申F鐃緒申側鐃祝なってわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙でわ申鐃暑。
鐃淑わ申鐃緒申砲弔鼎鐃緒申鐃�
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