February 23, 2012
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申由鐃緒申鐃夙�展鐃淑わ申鐃塾ｏ申鐃緒申
鐃淑学居申鐃術と社駕申隆悗鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮で「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申茲�鐃旬にわ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申里匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申覆里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申筺�典鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃塾ってわ申鐃暑け鐃緒申匹癲�鐃緒申箸鐃夙どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃塾醐申鐃春とわ申鐃緒申導鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃術な居申鐃巡か鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣わ申調鐃緒申鐃薯してみわ申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申陲靴討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃淑駕申鐃塾居申鐃述は￥申鐃淑学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃熟駕申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃庶か鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃熟誌申鐃獣てわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申暴颪い討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申琉鐃縮ｏ申任蓮鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鬚垢任鵬鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃出象でわ申鐃暑。鐃殉っわ申鐃緒申聞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楼焚鐃緒申傍鵑欧覿居申塀鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃獣と醐申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸覆鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申颪靴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃縮になってわ申鐃緒申鐃塾で削申鐃緒申蓮屬鐃緒申裡鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸悩能鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔載わ申鐃暑。文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申郎埜鐃祝まとわ申瞳悩椶鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲覆襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の科学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬で￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はどのよう鐃祝紹介さわ申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申表的鐃淑わ申里鮓�てみよう鐃緒申
1-1 鐃淑学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃塾居申法
藤鐃緒申裕鐃緒申鐃峻『科学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃塾居申法鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜緒申鐃叔駕申 2005年鐃祝では￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申郎鐃緒申鐃術醐申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚旅鐃緒申担鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申函鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃�
鐃瞬科学の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�PUS)鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸箸鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃峻へと逸申鐃緒申的鐃緒申流鐃曙、鐃緒申圓呂鐃緒申鐃薯たわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾￥申
鐃叔わ申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟駈申鐃獣ぽのバワ申鐃縦のよう鐃淑わ申里如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵬奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃宿わ申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃夙考わ申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申妊鐃叔わ申鐃緒申(p.263)鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉とわ申鐃緒申味鐃叔の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里呂匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
1-2鐃述会技術鰹申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃俊随申鐃曙、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑￥申藤鐃緒申裕鐃述『社会技術鰹申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申惷鐃緒申蘓駈申鐃緒申鐃�2007鐃祝はどわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬にわ申鐃緒申鐃銃件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申六鐃熟わ申鐃緒申八鐃熟で行わ申鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃宿わ申鐃緒申眈�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申担鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂砲鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃熟誌申呂任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞楼焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃緒申文鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃瞬『醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮箸鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃循は￥申鐃淑学と社駕申隆屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑とわ申鐃祝誌申民鐃塾￥申敵鐃春」）の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰僂鐃緒申民鐃緒申側鐃塾科学へわ申無鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃塾種申鐃緒申箸砲弔鐃緒申鐃出駕申辰任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚噺鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃�(p.82)鐃緒申
鐃殉わ申鐃緒申八鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申1980年鐃緒申鐃夙常申聞漾鐃緒申鐃緒申里茲�鐃緒申発鐃循の限鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯され、鐃粛￥申鐃緒申鐃峻安わ申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪わ申魯螢刻申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申討竜鐃緒申櫃慮鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申廚鐃緒申垪澆任鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�(deficit model)鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝なっわ申(Wynne 1995) 鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�(p.116)鐃緒申鐃緒申劼凌鐃緒申鐃緒申里泙箸鐃夙常申鐃俊のまとわ申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申咾里泙箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所、敵鐃春￥申鐃峻安￥申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃夙わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申立鐃縦￥申鐃緒申鐃俊のワ申鐃潤ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝常申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃獣わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
1-3鐃緒申鐃淑学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃盾う鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃粛居申辧鐃竣�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻『科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜緒申鐃叔駕申2008年鐃祝わ申鐃叔э申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃熟誌申呂任蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申仂譴刻申鐃祝誌申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃出緯などわ申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申鐃殉とわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討麓造呂鐃緒申譴�鐃緒申匆陲靴討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸箸鐃緒申覆鐃重なわ申里納蠍居申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楼焚鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申蠅鰹申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申匹鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申多分鐃潤い鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬では￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾最緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申媾鐃緒申藤鐃緒申裕鐃述わ申鐃緒申筆鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬以常申里茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申箸鐃夙件申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃旬わ申奮惻圓鐃緒申峅奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申測鐃所す鐃暑た鐃緒申房損椶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃夙わ申調鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申岼鐃緒申曚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑た鐃緒申暴个討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙のワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申(1)鐃淑学とは￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申討鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃淑ｏ申鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申deficient鐃淑欠け鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃峻緒申分鐃淑）」のわ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申側鐃熟￥申sufficient鐃淑緒申分鐃淑￥申足鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃祝」でわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾欠け鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃渋�鐃所す鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申妊鐃叔わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(p.112)鐃緒申
鐃縦まり、鐃淑学ワ申謄薀件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申里鐃緒申鐃縦器申鐃緒申箸覆襪随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃緒申腓�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃縁申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝つわ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申劼戮鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Sturgis)鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃�(Allum)鐃熟￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申痢峅奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣�鐃緒申峅奮悗悗鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申櫂鐃緒申謄鐃緒申屬砲覆鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮓‐擇鐃緒申襪随申鐃祝￥申1996年鐃塾英刻申匆鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申調鐃緒申(British Social Attitudes Survey)鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃醐申討鐃緒申圓辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申侶鐃縮￥申鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申里箸鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申諭鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃銃駈申鐃緒申与鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申(p.113)
鐃旬稿の種申櫃鐃緒申蕕件申洞鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃叔随申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覯常申蝓�鐃縦まわ申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出科学へわ申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃楯ワ申鐃銃ワ申鐃瞬になる、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申離據鐃緒申鐃緒申任泙箸瓩随申屬鐃夙わ申函廚侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申砲牢泙泙鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申鐃処う鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃瞬科学へわ申鐃緒申鐃駿」にはまっわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任妨鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃俊わ申鐃夙ってわ申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申任侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申法鐃祝逸申鐃瞬近い鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出ポワ申鐃銃ワ申鐃瞬になわ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申夢愀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅居申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾なわ申分鐃緒申鐃暑。
1-4鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙も３鐃縦の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�
藤鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔種申鐃遵げ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃旬のわ申鐃駿てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻になってわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬は刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃緒申同鐃緒申慮鐃緒申罐逸申襦種申廚粒鐃銃逸申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申辰討茲わ申隼廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春の逸申味鐃祝つわ申鐃銃はわ申鐃淑わ申个鐃縦わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃遵記鐃塾ｏ申鐃縦わ申鐃獣縁申砲泙箸鐃緒申覆鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A
鐃緒申鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襦￥申福慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戞鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申福慍奮惶鐃緒申兌匆鐃緒申鐃緒申竜鐃祝￥申戞鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C
鐃緒申鐃淑学￥申鐃述駕申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃淑『社会技術鰹申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃初こ鐃塾ｏ申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申澆某鐃緒申鐃緒申悗鐃獣てはわ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾そ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申琉茲�鐃純う鐃緒申鐃潤、単鐃祝「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て駕申鐃獣わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅件申討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑どとわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙もあ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶念鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃循わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃緒申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝わ申鐃銃わ申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申丱縫絅�鐃藷スの違う鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃殉わ申立鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
2 鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申鐃�
2-1 1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春の緒申个砲弔鐃緒申討両鐃緒申鐃緒申多鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申童鐃緒申擇鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃� (Wynne 1993) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申322鐃准￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申Wynne鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃塾「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣￥申 ('deficit model of the public) 鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃塾醐申鐃春の緒申个砲弔鐃緒申動焚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は￥申Wynne鐃緒申1988年5鐃緒申鐃�Economic and social research council鐃緒申Science Policy Support Group鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申Public Understanding of Science Research Initiative鐃塾駕申鐃祝わ申鐃暑研鐃醇グ鐃暑ー鐃竣のワー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪廚如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申与鐃緒申鐃緒申譴震常申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(p.335)鐃緒申
鐃緒申有名鐃曙が続鐃緒申鐃銃わか鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申Science Policy Support Group鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申John Ziman 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜で鰹申鐃重わ申鐃曙た鐃緒ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪廚鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃峻っわ申発表鐃緒申鐃緒申个箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申続鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申John Durant鐃緒申泙牴随申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申舒討鐃出わ申鐃処う鐃祝と居申瓩随申鐃緒申箸盖�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝つわ申鐃銃わ申Michael鐃緒申"Knowledge, interests and utility" 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃叔誌申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申 (Michael 1996, p.123) 鐃緒申Dickson 鐃盾こ鐃緒申1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃出とわ申鐃緒申名鐃舜わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃�Science, Technology and Human Value 鐃緒申(鐃淑駕申STHV)鐃祝掲載わ申鐃曙たZiman 鐃緒申鐃緒申文(Ziman 1991)鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申文(Wynne 1991)鐃叔わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃�(Dickson 2000)鐃緒申
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙で￥申鐃循わ申1988年鐃緒申未鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃出わ申鐃獣わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃銃間違い鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申Wynne鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申箸辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申妨鐃緒申鐃�91年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿誌申鐃粛にはなわ申鐃塾の￥申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申廚噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
2-2 1991年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た文鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討僚鐃出はどのよう鐃淑わ申里鐃緒申辰鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申綉�鐃緒申Dickson鐃塾居申鐃述にもあ鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申文鐃叔の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣の緒申个鐃�Ziman鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申1991年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。鐃叔はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はどのよう鐃祝使わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申焚鐃緒申任聾鐃緒申佞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣をしぼるが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃竣旨につわ申鐃銃は常申劼痢慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮裡鐃�.111-112鐃叔紹介さわ申討鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮖仮箸鐃緒申譴随申鐃緒申鐃�
2-2-1 Ziman鐃緒申鐃緒申法
Ziman 鐃熟「科学の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸辰討鐃緒申襦ｏ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个討鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申
鐃瞬誌申鐃渋は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃初、単鐃緒申福峽鐃叔￥申廛鐃叔ル、鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申無鐃塾わ申奮鐃重�鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申砲里澆砲鐃獣て駕申瓩件申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃塾件申未鐃渋随申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申峠鐃淑�鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙みとはなわ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃緒申(The fact is, however, that a simple "deficit" model, which tries to interpret the situation solely in terms of public ignorance or scientific illiteracy , does not provide an adequate analytical framework for many of the results of our research.)(p.101)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里鐃淑鰹申的鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申里澆砲鐃獣て駕申瓩件申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申廚鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申嫂泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾なのわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃塾逸申弔鐃藷げわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾縁申文鐃塾刻申造鐃淑関件申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所か鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃瞬わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃緒申(the situation)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟っわ申鐃所さ鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃盾そ鐃盾何鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃処く分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋は「わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申悗鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。直鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申能劼戮討鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃粛￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鵬奮鐃重�鐃塾種申鐃緒申腓わ申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑鰹申的鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申戮討凌佑鐃緒申錣�鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(it is clearly the responsibility of every scientifically literate person to combat the extreme ignorance of the most elementary scientific facts and theories)鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃緒申(p.100)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Ziman鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申判鐃叔とわ申鐃銃述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾し鐃瞬人￥申鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃塾種申鐃緒申腓わ申討鐃緒申鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申蕁�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟科鰹申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申侶鐃叔￥申撚鐃潤す鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃祝なってほとわ申疋函鐃緒申肇鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃暑い鐃熟￥申鐃縮の駕申鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申鐃塾種申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申無鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃銃はなわ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申討呂覆鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里撚鐃潤す鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申砲覆襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申未鐃緒申覆鐃緒申呂覆鐃緒申雰鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃塾よう鐃緒申聞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃�Ziman鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申判鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃縦のまにわ申鐃述器申的鐃淑常申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃所か鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申泙蠅�鐃緒申襪わ申鐃�
鐃盾う鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ぼわ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾鐃熟￥申Ziman鐃緒申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃縮とわ申鐃銃￥申鐃粛￥申鐃塾「科学」とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯がわ申鐃殉わ申鐃殉で￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗亡泙鐃暑か鐃祝つわ申鐃銃わ申娶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申磴�鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申未鐃緒申鐃署さわ申討鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申文脈鐃緒申鐃瞬常申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申函鐃緒申奮悗箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚�まわ申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申諭鐃緒申鐃縮居申里撚鐃潤す鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になる。鐃緒申鐃緒申呂爐件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸澆鐃緒申辰砲覆鐃塾で￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃醐申鐃緒申鐃出件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申發鰹申琉鐃淑醐申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃処う鐃叔わ申鐃緒申福慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�p.111)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申Ziman鐃緒申鐃峻なってわ申鐃緒申里蓮峅奮悄廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申里砲弔鐃緒申討鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰任鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃塾トピッワ申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅居申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申錣縁申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�Ziman鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申匹鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑か鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申呂呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申錣駈申鐃薯えなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
2-2-2 Wynne 1991
Wynne鐃緒申 1991年鐃緒申文鐃熟￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申命名鐃峻種申鐃夙にわ申鐃叔緒申慮鐃緒申擇箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申(Wynne 1991)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃淑わ申鐃初こ鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申蕕件申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞呂曚箸鐃宿なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔逸申媾蠅件申鐃緒申仂譴件申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃瞬逸申旦鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討鐃獣縁申鐃淑￥申認鐃緒申的鐃緒申如鐃竣ワ申妊鐃塾鰹申側鐃祝出わ申鐃淑ら、鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討凌諭鐃緒申慮鐃緒申澆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙科学わ申鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸硫鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申多鐃粛わ申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃熟どわ申匹鶺い鼎鐃緒申茲�鐃祝なわ申鐃�(Once we move outside a simple "cognitive deficit" model of the public understanding of science, we become increasingly aware of the range and variety of possible interactions between people's existing understandings of particular situations and those that emanate from science" (p.113)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申cognitive deficit model鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申襪�鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃殉での居申鐃述わ申鐃緒申判鐃叔わ申鐃暑し鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙りあ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申deficit 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬科学わ申単鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃叔わ申鐃獣て￥申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑随申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申羶器申砲鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申麓鐃緒申鐃緒申妨鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟人￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃駿ワ申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝どのわ申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�(how far people fall short of) 鐃緒申鐃縦まわ申鐃緒申鐃塾￥申無鐃塾￥申(ignorance)鐃緒申鐃緒申測鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申能鐃熟にわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(a deficit of democratic capacity)鐃薯示削申鐃緒申鐃緒申伐鐃緒申蠅刻申襪鰹申箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.112)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃夙わ申立鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申仂櫃箸覆辰討鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初く鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾駕申鐃初か鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申隼廚鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃所し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申直鐃緒申deficit鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃出てわ申鐃緒申里蓮鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申能鐃熟」につわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃緒申多鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純か鐃初見鐃銃もこ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙思ってわ申鐃緒申鐃夙は考わ申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃淑常申里茲�鐃祝￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃塾緒申个蓮鐃緒申劼箸鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃緒申弌峅鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申覆里鐃緒申呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃淑つづわ申鐃緒申
鐃淑駕申鐃塾居申鐃述は￥申鐃淑学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃熟駕申鐃祝つわ申鐃銃どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃庶か鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃熟誌申鐃獣てわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申暴颪い討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申琉鐃縮ｏ申任蓮鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鬚垢任鵬鐃緒申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃出象でわ申鐃暑。鐃殉っわ申鐃緒申聞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楼焚鐃緒申傍鵑欧覿居申塀鐃淑どわ申鐃緒申鐃獣と醐申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃宿わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申箸覆鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申颪靴鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃縮になってわ申鐃緒申鐃塾で削申鐃緒申蓮屬鐃緒申裡鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸悩能鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔載わ申鐃暑。文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申郎埜鐃祝まとわ申瞳悩椶鐃緒申襪鰹申箸砲覆襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬の科学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬で￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はどのよう鐃祝紹介さわ申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申表的鐃淑わ申里鮓�てみよう鐃緒申
1-1 鐃淑学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃塾居申法
藤鐃緒申裕鐃緒申鐃峻『科学居申鐃術社駕申鐃緒申鐃塾居申法鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜緒申鐃叔駕申 2005年鐃祝では￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申郎鐃緒申鐃術醐申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚旅鐃緒申担鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申函鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃�
鐃瞬科学の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�PUS)鐃祝関わ申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸箸鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻わ申鐃緒申鐃峻へと逸申鐃緒申的鐃緒申流鐃曙、鐃緒申圓呂鐃緒申鐃薯たわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申捉鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾￥申
鐃叔わ申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟駈申鐃獣ぽのバワ申鐃縦のよう鐃淑わ申里如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鵬奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃宿わ申匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申PUS鐃緒申鐃緒申泙鐃夙考わ申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申妊鐃叔わ申鐃緒申(p.263)鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉とわ申鐃緒申味鐃叔の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科学わ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申里呂匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
1-2鐃述会技術鰹申鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃俊随申鐃曙、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑￥申藤鐃緒申裕鐃述『社会技術鰹申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申惷鐃緒申蘓駈申鐃緒申鐃�2007鐃祝はどわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬にわ申鐃緒申鐃銃件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申六鐃熟わ申鐃緒申八鐃熟で行わ申鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃宿わ申鐃緒申眈�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申担鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申呂砲鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃熟誌申呂任老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞楼焚鐃緒申里茲�鐃緒申文鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃暑。
鐃瞬『醐申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮箸鐃緒申鐃夙�鐃循は￥申鐃淑学と社駕申隆屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑とわ申鐃祝誌申民鐃塾￥申敵鐃春」）の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰僂鐃緒申民鐃緒申側鐃塾科学へわ申無鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申民鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃縮わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃塾種申鐃緒申箸砲弔鐃緒申鐃出駕申辰任鐃緒申襦�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚噺鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃�(p.82)鐃緒申
鐃殉わ申鐃緒申八鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申
鐃瞬わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申1980年鐃緒申鐃夙常申聞漾鐃緒申鐃緒申里茲�鐃緒申発鐃循の限鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯され、鐃粛￥申鐃緒申鐃峻安わ申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申襪わ申魯螢刻申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申討竜鐃緒申櫃慮鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申廚鐃緒申垪澆任鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�(deficit model)鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝なっわ申(Wynne 1995) 鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�(p.116)鐃緒申鐃緒申劼凌鐃緒申鐃緒申里泙箸鐃夙常申鐃俊のまとわ申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申咾里泙箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所、敵鐃春￥申鐃峻安￥申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃夙わ申鐃獣わ申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申立鐃縦￥申鐃緒申鐃俊のワ申鐃潤ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝常申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃獣わ申鐃暑た鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
1-3鐃緒申鐃淑学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃盾う鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃粛居申辧鐃竣�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻『科学ワ申鐃淳ワ申縫鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜緒申鐃叔駕申2008年鐃祝わ申鐃叔э申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃熟誌申呂任蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申仂譴刻申鐃祝誌申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃出緯などわ申鐃旬わ申鐃緒申鐃殉とわ申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討麓造呂鐃緒申譴�鐃緒申匆陲靴討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸箸鐃緒申覆鐃重なわ申里納蠍居申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申楼焚鐃緒申鐃緒申匹鐃緒申蠅鰹申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申匹鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申多分鐃潤い鐃緒申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬では￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾最緒申的鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮗┐鐃緒申媾鐃緒申藤鐃緒申裕鐃述わ申鐃緒申筆鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃所、鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃緒申表鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬以常申里茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申箸鐃夙件申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃旬わ申奮惻圓鐃緒申峅奮悗慮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申測鐃所す鐃暑た鐃緒申房損椶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃楯￥申鐃夙わ申調鐃緒申鐃緒申存鐃淳わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申岼鐃緒申曚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑た鐃緒申暴个討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申蓮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙のワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申(1)鐃淑学とは￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申討鐃緒申蝓�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃淑ｏ申鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申deficient鐃淑欠け鐃銃わ申鐃暑、鐃峻緒申分鐃淑）」のわ申鐃出わ申鐃緒申鐃淑学わ申側鐃熟￥申sufficient鐃淑緒申分鐃淑￥申足鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃祝」でわ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃塾欠け鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申屬鐃渋�鐃所す鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申妊鐃叔わ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(p.112)鐃緒申
鐃縦まり、鐃淑学ワ申謄薀件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申里鐃緒申鐃縦器申鐃緒申箸覆襪随申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃緒申腓�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒け鐃叔わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃縁申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝つわ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申劼戮鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(Sturgis)鐃夙ワ申鐃緒申鐃�(Allum)鐃熟￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申痢峅奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃竣�鐃緒申峅奮悗悗鐃緒申鐃緒申戮鐃緒申櫂鐃緒申謄鐃緒申屬砲覆鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮓‐擇鐃緒申襪随申鐃祝￥申1996年鐃塾英刻申匆鐃重�鐃緒申鐃緒申調鐃緒申(British Social Attitudes Survey)鐃緒申鐃術わ申鐃銃醐申討鐃緒申圓辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申侶鐃縮￥申鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃緒申里箸鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申諭鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃銃駈申鐃緒申与鐃緒申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申(p.113)
鐃旬稿の種申櫃鐃緒申蕕件申洞鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申里蓮鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃叔随申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覯常申蝓�鐃縦まわ申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出科学へわ申鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃楯ワ申鐃銃ワ申鐃瞬になる、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蓮鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申離據鐃緒申鐃緒申任泙箸瓩随申屬鐃夙わ申函廚侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申砲牢泙泙鐃銃わ申鐃淑わ申鐃処う鐃祝醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃瞬科学へわ申鐃緒申鐃駿」にはまっわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任妨鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃俊わ申鐃夙ってわ申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申任侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ルが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣わ申鐃緒申法鐃祝逸申鐃瞬近い鐃緒申鐃縦まり、鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討離鐃叔ワ申琉鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申亮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出ポワ申鐃銃ワ申鐃瞬になわ申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申夢愀鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅居申鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾なわ申分鐃緒申鐃暑。
1-4鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙も３鐃縦の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�
藤鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔種申鐃遵げ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縦わ申鐃旬のわ申鐃駿てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃峻になってわ申鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃淑�鐃緒申鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃旬は刻申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃緒申同鐃緒申慮鐃緒申罐逸申襦種申廚粒鐃銃逸申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申辰討茲わ申隼廚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春の逸申味鐃祝つわ申鐃銃はわ申鐃淑わ申个鐃縦わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃暑。鐃遵記鐃塾ｏ申鐃縦わ申鐃獣縁申砲泙箸鐃緒申覆鐃淑駕申鐃塾よう鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A
鐃緒申鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊襦￥申福慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戞鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�B
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申離鐃叔ワ申箸鐃緒申討侶鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申福慍奮惶鐃緒申兌匆鐃緒申鐃緒申竜鐃祝￥申戞鐃�
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C
鐃緒申鐃淑学￥申鐃述駕申屬鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申法鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申妊鐃夙わ申鐃銃の件申如鐃緒申妊鐃淑『社会技術鰹申鐃緒申鐃駿￥申
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃初こ鐃塾ｏ申鐃縦わ申鐃緒申澆某鐃緒申鐃緒申悗鐃獣てはわ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾そ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申琉茲�鐃純う鐃緒申鐃潤、単鐃祝「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣て駕申鐃獣わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申泙辰鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅件申討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃獣てわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑どとわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙もあ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶念鐃緒申鐃塾�鐃循わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申峽鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申廚老鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃緒申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�C鐃祝わ申鐃銃わ申戮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申丱縫絅�鐃藷スの違う鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鐃殉わ申立鐃曙が鐃緒申鐃緒申塙佑鐃緒申鐃緒申襦�
2 鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃塾緒申鐃�
2-1 1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文
鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春の緒申个砲弔鐃緒申討両鐃緒申鐃緒申多鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申1993年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申童鐃緒申擇鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃� (Wynne 1993) 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申322鐃准￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申Wynne鐃熟「醐申鐃緒申鐃塾「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣￥申 ('deficit model of the public) 鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃曙た鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃塾醐申鐃春の緒申个砲弔鐃緒申動焚鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙は￥申Wynne鐃緒申1988年5鐃緒申鐃�Economic and social research council鐃緒申Science Policy Support Group鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申Public Understanding of Science Research Initiative鐃塾駕申鐃祝わ申鐃暑研鐃醇グ鐃暑ー鐃竣のワー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪廚如鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ワ申鐃竣ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃緒申与鐃緒申鐃緒申譴震常申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃�(p.335)鐃緒申
鐃緒申有名鐃曙が続鐃緒申鐃銃わか鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申鐃緒申Science Policy Support Group鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申John Ziman 鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申鐃曙ク鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯してわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃舜で鰹申鐃重わ申鐃曙た鐃緒ー鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申奪廚鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃峻っわ申発表鐃緒申鐃緒申个箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃緒申続鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申John Durant鐃緒申泙牴随申佑鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申舒討鐃出わ申鐃処う鐃祝と居申瓩随申鐃緒申箸盖�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。
鐃緒申鐃緒申1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃祝つわ申鐃銃わ申Michael鐃緒申"Knowledge, interests and utility" 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃叔誌申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申 (Michael 1996, p.123) 鐃緒申Dickson 鐃盾こ鐃緒申1988年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃出とわ申鐃緒申名鐃舜わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃祝醐申鐃准わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃�Science, Technology and Human Value 鐃緒申(鐃淑駕申STHV)鐃祝掲載わ申鐃曙たZiman 鐃緒申鐃緒申文(Ziman 1991)鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申文(Wynne 1991)鐃叔わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃�(Dickson 2000)鐃緒申
鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙で￥申鐃循わ申1988年鐃緒申未鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申僚鐃出わ申鐃獣わ申鐃夙考わ申鐃銃間違い鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申Wynne鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔どわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申箸辰討鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申妨鐃緒申鐃�91年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃駿誌申鐃粛にはなわ申鐃塾の￥申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃緒申鐃熟￥申分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申廚噺鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�
2-2 1991年鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た文鐃緒申箸鐃緒申討僚鐃出はどのよう鐃淑わ申里鐃緒申辰鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申綉�鐃緒申Dickson鐃塾居申鐃述にもあ鐃緒申茲�鐃祝￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙た鐃緒申文鐃叔の「件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣の緒申个鐃�Ziman鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申1991年鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃夙思わ申鐃暑。鐃叔はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔は件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はどのよう鐃祝使わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申焚鐃緒申任聾鐃緒申佞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃獣をしぼるが鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃竣旨につわ申鐃銃は常申劼痢慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申戮裡鐃�.111-112鐃叔紹介さわ申討鐃緒申鐃塾でわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鮖仮箸鐃緒申譴随申鐃緒申鐃�
2-2-1 Ziman鐃緒申鐃緒申法
Ziman 鐃熟「科学の醐申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申廚鐃緒申蠅刻申鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸辰討鐃緒申襦ｏ申泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申个討鐃緒申鐃淑醐申鐃緒申認鐃緒申鐃処う鐃緒申
鐃瞬誌申鐃渋は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃初、単鐃緒申福峽鐃叔￥申廛鐃叔ル、鐃緒申鐃緒申呂鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申無鐃塾わ申奮鐃重�鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申砲里澆砲鐃獣て駕申瓩件申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申呂鐃緒申鐃緒申慮鐃緒申鐃塾件申未鐃渋随申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申峠鐃淑�鐃緒申分鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙みとはなわ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃緒申(The fact is, however, that a simple "deficit" model, which tries to interpret the situation solely in terms of public ignorance or scientific illiteracy , does not provide an adequate analytical framework for many of the results of our research.)(p.101)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊襪�鐃緒申鐃瞬わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里鐃淑鰹申的鐃緒申謄薀件申鐃緒申里覆鐃緒申里澆砲鐃獣て駕申瓩件申茲�鐃夙わ申鐃緒申廚鐃宿緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑が鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃曙が鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春種申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申嫂泙鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾なのわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃塾逸申弔鐃藷げわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾縁申文鐃塾刻申造鐃淑関件申鐃緒申名鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝￥申砲鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃所か鐃叔はなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�鐃瞬わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃緒申(the situation)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟っわ申鐃所さ鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃盾そ鐃盾何鐃祝つわ申鐃銃のワ申妊鐃淑のわ申鐃緒申鐃処く分鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃渋は「わ申鐃塾常申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申悗鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮�鐃叔わ申鐃暑。直鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申能劼戮討鐃緒申鐃塾は￥申鐃粛￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃殉わ申鵬奮鐃重�鐃塾種申鐃緒申腓わ申討鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申鐃淑鰹申的鐃塾種申鐃緒申鐃緒申弔鐃緒申戮討凌佑鐃緒申錣�鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(it is clearly the responsibility of every scientifically literate person to combat the extreme ignorance of the most elementary scientific facts and theories)鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙でわ申鐃緒申(p.100)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Ziman鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申判鐃叔とわ申鐃銃述べわ申鐃銃わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃盾し鐃瞬人￥申鐃緒申鐃淑鰹申鐃塾種申鐃緒申腓わ申討鐃緒申鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申埜鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申蕁�鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟科鰹申鐃塾種申鐃塾件申如鐃緒申奮鐃緒申亮鐃緒申侶鐃叔￥申撚鐃潤す鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申味鐃祝なってほとわ申疋函鐃緒申肇鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲覆辰討鐃緒申泙鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃暑い鐃熟￥申鐃縮の駕申鐃夙わ申鐃銃￥申鐃塾種申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申無鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃銃はなわ申覆鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃夙￥申鐃緒申鐃塾とわ申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申討呂覆鐃淑わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里撚鐃潤す鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申砲覆襦ｏ申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申未鐃緒申覆鐃緒申呂覆鐃緒申雰鐃叔￥申鐃叔ワ申C鐃塾よう鐃緒申聞鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申砲鐃緒申鐃�Ziman鐃緒申鐃夙の駕申鐃緒申判鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃縦のまにわ申鐃述器申的鐃淑常申鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃所か鐃緒申辰討鐃緒申討鐃緒申鐃緒申泙蠅�鐃緒申襪わ申鐃�
鐃盾う鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾ぼわ申函鐃緒申鐃緒申硫媾鐃熟￥申Ziman鐃緒申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃縮とわ申鐃銃￥申鐃粛￥申鐃塾「科学」とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯がわ申鐃殉わ申鐃殉で￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申奮悗亡泙鐃暑か鐃祝つわ申鐃銃わ申娶鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申磴�鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申未鐃緒申鐃署さわ申討鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃暑。鐃緒申鐃緒申文脈鐃緒申鐃瞬常申鐃緒申鐃竣わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申函鐃緒申奮悗箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鬚�まわ申鐃殉わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申諭鐃緒申鐃縮居申里撚鐃潤す鐃暑、鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申徴鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になる。鐃緒申鐃緒申呂爐件申鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸澆鐃緒申辰砲覆鐃塾で￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃醐申鐃緒申鐃出件申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃祝近い鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙になわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃ｏ申鐃緒申發鰹申琉鐃淑醐申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃�A鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃薯しわ申鐃処う鐃叔わ申鐃緒申福慍奮悒鐃緒申潺鐃祝ワ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�p.111)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申Ziman鐃緒申鐃峻なってわ申鐃緒申里蓮峅奮悄廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔逸申鐃緒申里砲弔鐃緒申討鐃縦器申鐃緒申鐃緒申辰任鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃出わ申鐃銃￥申藤鐃緒申鐃塾まとわ申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申調鐃緒申鐃塾トピッワ申鐃夙わ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申蠅居申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申錣縁申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲鐃緒申茵�Ziman鐃緒申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申匹鐃渋�鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃暑か鐃祝つわ申鐃銃は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃緒申鐃緒申呂呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申鐃緒申噺鐃緒申錣駈申鐃薯えなわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
2-2-2 Wynne 1991
Wynne鐃緒申 1991年鐃緒申文鐃熟￥申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申命名鐃峻種申鐃夙にわ申鐃叔緒申慮鐃緒申擇箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申椶鐃緒申鐃緒申(Wynne 1991)鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃淑わ申鐃初こ鐃緒申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申蕕件申鐃緒申鐃緒申佞呂曚箸鐃宿なわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春は￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔逸申媾蠅件申鐃緒申仂譴件申覆鐃緒申鐃�
鐃瞬逸申旦鐃緒申鐃緒申譴�鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾科鰹申鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討鐃獣縁申鐃淑￥申認鐃緒申的鐃緒申如鐃竣ワ申妊鐃塾鰹申側鐃祝出わ申鐃淑ら、鐃緒申鐃緒申両鐃緒申鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討凌諭鐃緒申慮鐃緒申澆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙科学わ申鐃緒申発鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸硫鐃叔緒申鐃緒申鐃淳削申鐃術わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申多鐃粛わ申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃熟どわ申匹鶺い鼎鐃緒申茲�鐃祝なわ申鐃�(Once we move outside a simple "cognitive deficit" model of the public understanding of science, we become increasingly aware of the range and variety of possible interactions between people's existing understandings of particular situations and those that emanate from science" (p.113)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申cognitive deficit model鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮ｏ申鐃緒申襪�鐃熟￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃殉での居申鐃述わ申鐃緒申判鐃叔わ申鐃暑し鐃緒申鐃淑わ申鐃緒申鐃夙りあ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申deficit 鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春はわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝逸申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申討鐃緒申襦�
鐃瞬科学わ申単鐃緒申任鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃叔わ申鐃獣て￥申鐃淑学わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申的鐃淑随申念鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申羶器申砲鐃緒申鐃駿わ申鐃緒申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申麓鐃緒申鐃緒申妨鐃緒申鐃緒申襦ｏ申鐃緒申硫鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟人￥申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申離鐃駿ワ申硫奮鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃祝どのわ申鐃初い鐃緒申鐃緒申覆鐃緒申鐃�(how far people fall short of) 鐃緒申鐃縦まわ申鐃緒申鐃塾￥申無鐃塾￥申(ignorance)鐃緒申鐃緒申測鐃暑こ鐃夙わ申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申任覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃縮居申里鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申能鐃熟にわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申(a deficit of democratic capacity)鐃薯示削申鐃緒申鐃緒申伐鐃緒申蠅刻申襪鰹申箸鐃叔わ申鐃緒申里鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�(p.112)
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃熟わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃�Wynne鐃緒申鐃夙わ申立鐃緒申任呂覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃夙緒申鐃緒申仂櫃箸覆辰討鐃緒申鐃粛わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申箸鐃緒申鐃緒申任鐃緒申襦�
鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃初く鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾逸申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾駕申鐃初か鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔わ申鐃緒申Wynne鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申文鐃叔件申如鐃緒申妊鐃夙呼わ申任鐃緒申鐃緒申里鐃緒申隼廚鐃緒申襪�鐃緒申鐃宿わ申鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃所し鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申直鐃緒申deficit鐃夙わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃春わ申鐃出てわ申鐃緒申里蓮鐃縮縁申鐃緒申鐃重�鐃緒申能鐃熟」につわ申鐃銃わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申他鐃緒申多鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃純か鐃初見鐃銃もこ鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申如鐃緒申妊鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃塾わ申鐃夙思ってわ申鐃緒申鐃夙は考わ申鐃祝わ申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃淑常申里茲�鐃祝￥申鐃瞬件申如鐃緒申妊鐃竣とわ申鐃緒申鐃緒申念鐃塾緒申个蓮鐃緒申劼箸鐃緒申箸任鐃緒申鐃緒申弌峅鐃緒申砲弔鐃緒申討里匹鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃叔ワ申覆里鐃緒申呂辰鐃緒申蠅件申覆鐃緒申廚箸鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申箸砲覆鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申鐃緒申
鐃淑つづわ申鐃緒申
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