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自由黨 (巴西)

维基百科,自由的百科全书
自由黨
Partido Liberal
成立2006年10月26日
合并自
总部巴西聯邦區巴西利亚
党员
(2023年)
761,870
意識形態
政治立場右翼[9]極右翼[10]
歷史上:
中間偏右[15]右翼[16]
參議院
12 / 81
眾議院
98 / 513
州長
2 / 27
州議會
128 / 1,024
市長
348 / 5,568
市議會
3,467 / 56,810
党旗
官方网站
pl22.com.br
巴西政治
政党 · 选举

自由党(葡萄牙語:Partido Liberal,缩写为PL)是巴西的一个右翼极右翼政党。該黨成立於2006年,最初取名為共和国党。2019年,改名為自由黨[17]雅伊爾·博索納羅罗马里奥都是該黨黨員。

参考文献

[编辑]
  1. ^ Gustavo A. Flores-Macias, Gustavo Flores-Macias (编). After Neoliberalism?: The Left and Economic Reforms in Latin America. Oxford University Press, USA. 2012: 134 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9780199891672. (原始内容存档于2022-10-02). ... Lula's PT government enjoyed the congressional support of the conservative Liberal Party (PL),81 the vice ... system is fragmented but in disarray—the comparatively institutionalized party system in Brazil makes fragmentation more ... 
  2. ^ Kristin N. Wylie (编). Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil. Cambridge University Press. 2018: 168 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781108429795. (原始内容存档于2022-10-07). ... While at the helm of the small conservative Liberal Party (PL), Pedrosa's brother suggested she help the party fill the 30 percent ... 
  3. ^ Lee J. Alston, Marcus André Melo, Bernardo Mueller (编). Brazil in Transition: Beliefs, Leadership, and Institutional Change. Princeton University Press. 2016: 126 [2022-03-14]. ISBN 9781400880942. (原始内容存档于2022-10-02). To placate the suspicions of the business elites, Lula invited as his running mate a prominent politician from the conservative Liberal Party. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 PL e Prona promovem fusão. [2021-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-21).  已忽略未知参数|publicado= (帮助)
  5. ^ {{cite web|url=http://pl22.com.br/partido/historia_do_pr.html%7Ctitle=:: Partido da República - 22 ::
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Partidos em números: PP e PL. Pindograma. 2020-12-08 [2021-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-09). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Congresso em Foco. Radar do Congresso: Governismo. 2021-03-03 [2021-03-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-22). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Bolsonaro to join right-wing Liberal Party for re-election campaign. The Brazilian Report. 2021-11-08 [2021-12-01]. (原始内容存档于2023-07-09) (美国英语). 
  9. ^ [6][7][8]
  10. ^ <https://brazilian.report/liveblog/2021/11/08/liberal-party-re-election-campaign页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  11. ^ O que significa esquerda, direita e centro na política?. [2022-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2018-09-08). 
  12. ^ Reuters. Bolsonaro to join center-right PL party to take on leftist Lula. Reuters. 2021-11-08 [2022-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-12-06) (英语). 
  13. ^ Gomez Bruera, Hernan. Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil. Routledge. 2013: 77. 
  14. ^ Brazil's Bolsonaro officially joins centre-right Liberal Party. www.aljazeera.com. [2022-01-24]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-25) (英语). 
  15. ^ [11][12][13] [14]
  16. ^ [6][7][8]
  17. ^ Aprovada alteração do nome do Partido da República (PR) para Partido Liberal (PL). Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. 2019-05-07 [2019-06-02]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-11) (葡萄牙语).