ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ
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ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵏⵉⵜⵏ ● ⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ● ⴰⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ● ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰⵏⵏ ● ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵜⵉⵔⵙⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ● ⵉⵡⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ |
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏ
ⵍⵎⵅⵜⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵍⵎⵅⵜⴰⵕ ⴰⵙⵓⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵍⵎⵅⵜⴰⵔ ⵓ ⵙⵓⵙ (ⵙ ⵜⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ: المختار السوسي) ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴱⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴽⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏⵜ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵥⵓⵕⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵇⵀ, ⴷ ⵜⵚⵡⵡⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵓⵔⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ.
ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵅⵜⴰⵔ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1900 ⴳ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏ "ⵉⵍⵉⵖ" ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⴰⵎⵓⵣⵣⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ. ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴷⵓⵙ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⴰⵢⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵚⵡⵡⴰⴼⵜ, ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ (ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵄⵍⵉ ⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⴷ" ⴷ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵣⵣⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵕⵇⴰⵡⵉⵢⵏ.
ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵕⵇⵢⵢⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ, ⵜⵙⵙⵖⵔⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ, ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵖ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⵙⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴰ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵏⵉⵜ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵕⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1914 ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ ⵡⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰⵣ ⵟⵟⴰⵀⵕ ⵍⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵉⵕⵛⵎⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1918 ⵉⵎⵎⴰⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵢⵓⴷⴼ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⵍ ⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ ⴷ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵜⴰ, ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰ ⵖ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵏ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1924 ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ, ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵡⴰⵜⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵡⵉ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1928.
ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ
ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, (ⴰⵙⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔⴰⵏ: [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ] ⵏⵖ [ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵡⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ]) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵏⵖⵓⴱⴰ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵇⵇⴰ, ⵜⴰⴳⴳⵓⴳ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵙ 13 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⴳⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵙⵓⵍⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⴰⵔⵜ ⵉⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵣⵓⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴱⴽⵔⵉ, ⵍⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵣⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ (ⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵡⴰⵣⵣⴰⵏ) ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 16 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵅⵍⴰ ⵎⵃⵏⵏⴷ ⵓ ⵄⵍⵉ ⴰⵎⵏⵚⴰⴳ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴰⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ.
ⴰⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵜⴰⴱ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⵎⴰ" ⵏ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ, ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1146 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⴰⵔ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵔⵜ ⵎⴰ ⵙ "ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ" ⵜⴳⴰ "ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⴽⵛⵎ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ".
ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵎⵓⵙⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵓⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ, ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ, ⴰⵖⵎⴰⵜ, ⵏⵏⴼⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵚⵎⵓⴹⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵉⵎⵥⵎⵓⴹⵏ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⴷ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵓ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ (ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴷⵔⵉⵙ) ⵉⵙ ⴽⴰ ⵢⵓⵍⵙ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵏ. ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 9, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵕ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵉⵇⴱⵓⵕⵏ.
ⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⴷ ⴱⵓⵡⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰ ⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⴰⴷⴷⵊ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵡⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵚⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜ ⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ, ⵣⵣⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ. ⵜⴰⵍⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵉⵣ (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵖⵓⵣ) ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵙⴳⵉⵙ ⵙⵙⵓⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵓⵣⵏ. ⵜⴻⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵥⵓⵍⵜ. ⵉⵎⵖⵉⵣⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵄⴷⴷⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴳⵉⵍⵉⵣ ⴷ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵡⴷⴰⴷⵏ.
ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ
ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⵔ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵏⵜⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ, ⴰⵙⵓⵍⴼ ⵏ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴼⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵏ: ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ, ⵎⴰⵕⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴰⴳⵍⴰⵡⵡⵓ. ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵢⴰⴼⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵉⵏⴳⵔ ⵉⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ .
ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵎⴰ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵓⵙ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1934 ⵙ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ; ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ "ⵉⵟⵟⵓ", ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵕⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵔⵉ ⵉⴱⵛⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵊⵓⵏ ⴱⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵍⵉⴼⵉ , ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⵡⵡⴰⵕ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴳⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1989 ⵉⴼⴼⴰⵖ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵖ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⴼⵖ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴱⵉⵢⵣⴳⴰⵔⵏ (ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵉⴳⵉⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1993), ⴰⵡⵙⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ. ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵡⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵏⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1992 ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵛⵍⵃⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴱⵓ - ⵜⴼⵓⵏⴰⵙⵜ " ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⴽⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵎⵓⵃⴰⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⴱⴰⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵓⴽⴰ. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵍⵎ ⵏ " ⴳⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵉⵏ ", ⵄⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵛⴽⵉⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴼⵍⴰⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉ.
ⵎⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ?
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵒⵉⴷⵢⴰ (Wikipedia ⵙ ⵜⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ) ⴷ ⵢⵓⵏ ⵓⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵣⵓⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ (291 ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ 2015). ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏⴻⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ. ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⵜⵜ ⵊⵉⵎⵉ ⵡⵉⵍⵣ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵔⵉ ⵙⴰⵏⴳⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 15 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 2001. ⴷ ⵙⴰⵏⵊⵔ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⴱⴹⴰ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ, "ⵡⵉⴽⵉ" ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴱⵣⵔⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏ ⴷⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ, ⴷ "ⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴻⵏⵛⵢⵛⵍⵓⴱⴻⴷⵉⴰ. ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵃⵔⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⴱⵜⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵖⴰⵔ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛ ⴷⵖⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴱⴰⵢⵏⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵉⴹⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵥⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ. ⵖⵉⵍ ⴰⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 5 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ. ⵖ ⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵉⴷ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 40 (ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴳⵔⴰⴷⵏ ⵙ 300 (ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ. ⵖ ⴱⵕⴰⵢⵕ 2014 (ⵙⵉⵏ ⵡⴰⴼⴹⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴽⴽⵓⵥ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 18 (ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵎⵔⴰⵡ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ 500 (ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵜⵎⴰⴹ) ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵔⴳⴰⴱⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⵢⴳⴰⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ.
ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ
- 3 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⵜⵉⵡⵏ ⵜⵔⴰⴱⴱⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵍⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴱⵔⵣⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵏⵉⵜ ⴹⴰⵕⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵖⴰ.
- 8 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ 8 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2024: ⴰⴽⵯⵜⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵃⵓⵣ 2023 (ⵏⵖ ⴰⵏⴷⵓⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵉⵍ) ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵜⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵚ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 8 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 2023, ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 23:11 ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ (22:11 ⵙ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ).
- 31 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵄⵉⵍ ⵀⴰⵏⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵙⵓ ⴰⴼⵉⵍⵉⵚⵟⵉⵏⵉ ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ.
- 14 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵓⴼⵔⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⵓⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⵔⴰⵣⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵉ ⵜⵡⵊⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴹⴰⵕ.
- 13 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ: ⵜⵎⵙⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵉⵖⵜ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⴰⵍⴷ ⵜⵕⴰⵎⴱ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⴰⴽⴷ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴱⵉⵏⵙⵍⴼⵉⵏⵢⴰ.
- 5 ⵢⵓⵍⵢⵓⵣ:
- ⵉⵔⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙⵄⵓⴷ ⴱⴰⵣⵉⵛⴽⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵖⵏⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴰⵄⵉⴷ ⵊⴰⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵕⴰⵏ.
- ⵉⴳⴰ ⴽⵉⵢⵔ ⵙⵜⴰⵔⵎⵔ ⴰⵎⴰⵡⵙⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵏⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵓⵏⴰⴽ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ.
- 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵍⴰⵍⵍⴰ ⵍⴰⵟⵉⴼⴰ ⴰⵎⵃⵣⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵚⴹⵉⵚ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 29 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
- 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ: ⵜⵙⵙⵉⴷⴼ ⵜⵎⵙⵙⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵓⴳⵍ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵙⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵖⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵍ, ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 27 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 2024.
ⴰⵎ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⴷ
ⵉⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜ?
- 19 ⵏⵓⵡⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵉⵏⴰⵖ.
- 16 ⴽⵟⵓⴱⵕ ⴳ ⴽⵓ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵎⵀⴰⵍ
- ...ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2009, ⴳ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ 18 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⴰⵏⵕⵡⵉⵊⵉ ⵎⴰⴳⵏⵓⵙ ⴽⴰⵔⵍⵙⵏ (ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴰⴼⵜ) ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⴰⵎⵥⵥⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵛⵛⵟⵕⵏⵊ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ 2800 ⵏ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⴹⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵍⵓ?
- ...ⵢⵉⴼⵢⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ ⴱⴱⵉⵔⵉⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⵓⴹⴰⵏⵜ?
- ...ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵉⵥⵏⴰⴳⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵀⴷⵉ ⴱⵏ ⵜⵓⵎⵔⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔⵖⵏ?
- ...ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴷⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⴷⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵟⵏ?
- ...ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵍ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⵏⴷⵍⵓⵙ
- ...ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴷⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵍⵇⵉⵏ ⴰⵥⵏⴰⴳ?
ⵏⵏⴰⵏ
ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵜⴰⵙⴰ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵜⵕⵥⵉⵜ ⴰⵖⴰⵏⵉⵎ ⵙⵍⵍⴰⵖ ⵉ ⵡⵓⵍ ⵉⵏⵓ ⵣⵓⵏ ⵢⵓⵜ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴰⵙ |
||
ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ: ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵔⴰ: ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ. ⴰⵛⴽⵓ: ⵜⴰⵣⵍⵖⴰ "ⵜⵉⵙ" ⴷⴰ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⵖⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵙⵉⵏ (2) ⵙ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ. |
ⵙⵏⴼⵍⵓⵍ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ !
ⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵣⵔⴽ ⵙ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵓⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵜⵜⴰⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵉⵙⵎⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⵛ. ⵎⴽ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵏⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵓⵙⵔⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵉ, ⵥⵕ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵙⵇⵙⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵡⵡⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵉ
ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⴳⵉⵙ 10 548 ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ, ⵖⴰⵏⵏ ⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ. ⵉⴳ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⴷ ⵉⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵔⵉⴷ ⴰ ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴷ (ⵉⵖⵉ ⴰ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ) ⵏⵖ ⵓⵀⵓ, ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ. ⵉⴳ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ, ⴰⵔⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵏⵉⵇⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵜⴹⴼⴰⵕⴷ ⵉⵙⵡⴰⵍⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⴼⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ.
ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵢⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ
ⵉⴳⴰ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴱⵉⴷⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵡⵉⴽⵉⵎⵉⴷⵢⴰ, ⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ: