Your roof is your home’s main shield against rain, snow, wind, and sun, but even the soundest, most durable roof can develop issues over time. Catching problems such as leaks, flashing failures, or shingle damage early can help you avoid bigger, more expensive problems. Read our guide below for tips on how to spot common roof issues and how to fix them.
Identifying Signs of Roof Damage
Regular inspections help you catch potential issues before they become major headaches, but you must know what to look for before you start your checks.
Visual Indicators of Roof Issues
Check for these warning signs from the ground:
- Damaged or missing flashing around chimneys and vents
- Missing, cracked, or curling shingles
- Sagging areas on the roof
- Visible dark streaks or algae growth
Use binoculars from the ground to get a close look at the roof without having to climb onto it.
Internal Signs of Roof Problems
Look out for the issues below from inside your home:
- Damp spots in the attic
- Peeling paint near roof overhangs
- Visible light that comes through the roof boards
- Water stains on ceilings or walls
If you notice any of these signs, investigate further, or call a professional for an inspection.
Most Common Roof Problems
Understanding the roots of the most common roof issues can help you address problems promptly and effectively.
Leaks and Water Damage
Roof leaks are one of the most common and potentially damaging problems homeowners face. A leak doesn’t always present itself as a steady drip. Sometimes, it manifests as a damp spot on your ceiling or an expanding water stain. To locate a leak, check your attic for wet insulation or stained areas on sheathing or rafters. Ask a friend or family member to spray water on targeted roof areas while you inspect from inside. Once you’ve identified the leak’s location, you can address the corresponding issue on the roof’s surface.
Shingle Damage and Deterioration
Severe weather can tear shingles, loosen them, or cause them to go missing. Damaged shingles leave your roof vulnerable to water infiltration and further deterioration. Regular inspections can help you catch shingle problems early.
Flashing Failures
Flashing is the material that seals joints and prevents water from entering at roof penetrations such as chimneys, vents, and skylights. Flashing can crack, corrode, or come loose over time, which leads to leaks. Pay special attention to these areas during your roof inspections.
Issues With Roof Vents and Skylights
Roof vents and skylights are useful and stylish, but they can be prone to leaks if you don’t correctly maintain them. Check for cracks or gaps, especially around seals. Secure, properly sealed components will prevent water from getting in.
Roof Valleys and Seam Problems
Roof valleys, the areas at which two planes meet, can collect debris and water, which can cause wear and leaks. Make sure to properly align the shingles in the valley to prevent this.
Essential Tools for DIY Roof Repairs
Gather the tools and safety gear below before you start any roof repair:
- Caulk gun
- Flat bar
- Garden trowel
- Hammer
- Ladder
- Non-slip shoes
- Roofing nails
- Roofing sealant
- Safety glasses
- Safety harness
- Work gloves
Step-by-Step Guide To Fixing Common Roof Issues
Learn how to address some of the most frequent roof problems you might encounter below.
Repairing or Replacing Damaged Shingles
If you need to repair or replace roofing shingles, choose a mild day to work. Extreme temperatures can make shingles brittle or too soft. Then, follow these steps:
- Use a flat bar to break the seal between shingles, and remove nails.
- Remove damaged shingles.
- Install new shingles, and start with the lowest course.
- Nail the new shingles into place.
- Apply a bead of roof sealant beneath the leading edge of each shingle you replaced and the shingles directly above them.
Addressing Leaky Vent Boots
Vent boots can develop cracks or tears over time. To replace a vent boot, do the following:
- Choose a boot that fits your vent pipe’s diameter.
- Remove the old flashing unit.
- Apply roof sealant to the underside of the new flashing.
- Slide the new unit over the pipe and under the shingle course that’s above it.
- Secure with nails, and seal any exposed nail heads.
Fixing Faulty Flashing
If you encounter minor flashing issues, simply clean the area around the flashing. Apply roof sealant to repair cracks or reattach loose pieces. Keep the sealant surface smooth so that water can drain properly.
If you’re dealing with major flashing problems, you may need to replace the entire flashing unit. Reach out to a professional for assistance.
Repairing Skylight Leaks
To fix a skylight leak, inspect the skylight for cracks or gaps, and apply a bead of silicone sealant around the skylight’s edges. Make sure that the flashing around the skylight is intact, then seal any gaps or cracks.
Cleaning and Maintaining Roof Valleys
To clear roof valleys of debris, use a garden trowel to remove leaves, branches, and dirt. Inspect the shingles in the valley for damage, and replace them if necessary. Make sure you’ve aligned and sealed the shingles to prevent water from entering.
Preventing Future Roof Problems
Perform the tasks below to extend your roof’s lifespan and prevent common issues:
- Inspect your roof at least twice a year, ideally in spring and fall.
- Keep your roof clear of debris such as leaves and branches.
- Maintain proper attic ventilation to prevent moisture buildup.
- Trim overhanging tree branches to prevent limbs from damaging your roof.
Dealing With Ice Dams
Ice dams can cause significant damage in cold climates. To prevent them, keep your attic properly insulated and ventilated. Consider installing heat cables along the roof’s edge in problem areas, too.
Proper Gutter Care
Clean your gutters at least twice a year, and even more frequently if you have many trees nearby. Make sure the gutter slope is correct, and secure attachment to the fascia. Repair any leaky seams with roof sealant, and consider installing gutter guards to reduce debris buildup.
Selecting the Right Roofing Material
Your choice of roofing material can determine your roof’s durability and performance, whether you select asphalt shingles, metal roofing, or tile. Research what works best in your climate, and determine what you can afford. This will help you to avoid many future issues.
Scheduling Professional Inspections
Do-it-yourself inspections are helpful, but scheduling a professional inspection every few years is a productive extra step. A pro can catch hidden issues and recommend solutions.
When To Call a Professional Roofer
Consider calling a professional for the following scenarios:
- Extensive water damage
- Large areas of missing or damaged shingles
- Structural issues such as sagging
- You need complete roof replacement
Professional roofers have the equipment and experience to safely work on steep roofs, slippery materials such as tile or metal, and high structures. Your safety should always be your top priority. If you’re unsure about any aspect of roof repair, consult a professional.