Choosing water-saving plumbing fixtures is one of the easiest ways to cut down on water usage—and reduce your utility bills—without sacrificing performance. In the video above, Ask This Old House plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey discusses water-saving options with host Kevin O’Connor. Here’s what to consider when selecting efficient fixtures for your home, from toilets to faucets and showerheads.
What Are Water-Saving Plumbing Fixtures?
Water-saving fixtures are designed to use less water while still working effectively. By switching to these fixtures, you can reduce your water bill and lighten your environmental impact. Let’s explore the types of fixtures available and how they benefit your home.
Types of Water-Saving Plumbing Fixtures
There are various fixtures available that can make a noticeable difference in your home water usage. They include:
- Dual-flush toilets
- Low-flow showerheads
- Low-flow toilets
- Touchless faucets
- Water-efficient faucets
- Water-saving urinals
Benefits of Water-Saving Fixtures
Installing water-saving plumbing fixtures can lead to:
- Lower water bills
- Reduced water consumption
- Compliance with local water-use guidelines
- Potentially better water pressure
- Decreased energy use for water heating
Choosing Water-Efficient Toilets
Toilets use a lot of water in American homes, so they’re a good place to start saving. If your toilet is older than 1994, it’s likely using more water than newer models. As Trethewey explains, you can check the inside of the tank to see the manufacture date. If it’s an older model, think about replacing it with a water-saving version.
Gallons Per Flush (GPF)
Modern toilets are rated by the water they use per flush. Most new toilets use 1.6 gallons per flush (GPF) or less. For even more savings, look for models with a GPF of 1.28 or lower.
WaterSense Certification
When you’re shopping for a new toilet, look for the WaterSense label. WaterSense is a plumbing certification program similar to Energy Star for appliances. Toilets with the WaterSense label use at least 20% less water than standard 1.6 GPF models while still performing well.
Dual-Flush Toilets
Dual-flush toilets offer two flush options: a lower volume for liquid waste and a higher volume for solid waste. This small volume difference can lead to significant water savings over time. These toilets provide an efficient way to dispose of waste while minimizing your water usage.
Selecting Water-Saving Faucets and Showerheads
Faucets and showerheads can also make a big difference in your water usage. Here’s what to look for when choosing these fixtures.
Faucet Aerators
Faucet aerators are simple devices you can attach to existing faucets to reduce water flow. They mix air with the water stream to maintain pressure while using less water. Look for aerators with a flow rate of 1.5 gallons per minute (GPM) or less.
Low-Flow Showerheads
Modern low-flow showerheads can provide a satisfying shower experience while using significantly less water than older models. Look for showerheads with a flow rate of 2.0 GPM or less; some high-efficiency models use as little as 1.5 GPM.
WaterSense-Labeled Fixtures
As with toilets, look for the WaterSense label on faucets and showerheads. These fixtures meet EPA water efficiency standards, helping you save water without compromising performance.
Touchless Faucets
Touchless faucets use sensors to detect your hand movements and turn the water on and off automatically. This prevents water waste from leaving the faucet running. These faucets are great in kitchens and bathrooms where you wash your hands most often.
Detecting and Preventing Leaks
Even with water-efficient fixtures, leaks can waste a surprising amount of water. A single dripping faucet can waste up to 3,000 gallons of water per year.
Common Sources of Leaks
Regularly check for leaks in these common problem areas:
- Faucets
- Outdoor spigots
- Pipe joints
- Showerheads
- Toilet flappers
- Water heaters
Using Smart Water Meters
Smart water meters help monitor water usage in real-time, allowing you to spot unusual patterns that might point to a leak.
DIY Leak Detection
Here are some simple ways to check for leaks:
- Check the water meter: Note your water meter reading, then avoid using any water for two hours. If the reading changes, there may be a leak.
- Food coloring test: Place a few drops of food coloring in your toilet tank. If color appears in the bowl without flushing, there’s a leak.
- Inspect fittings: Look at your faucet gaskets and pipe fittings for any visible water.
Installing Water-Saving Fixtures
Many water-saving fixtures are easy to install on your own, but some may call for professional help.
DIY-Friendly Installations
Installing these water-saving upgrades is typically manageable on your own:
- Faucet aerators
- Low-flow showerheads
- Some faucet replacements
- Toilet tank displacement devices
Professional Installations
For these more complex installations, it’s best to hire a licensed plumber:
- Complex faucet installations
- Smart water meter installations
- Toilet replacements
- Whole-house water filtration systems
Maintaining Water-Saving Fixtures
Regular maintenance can help you catch small issues before they become bigger problems. Inspect your plumbing regularly and fix any issues as soon as they happen. This includes tightening fittings, replacing worn washers, and unclogging drains.
Regular Cleaning
Clean your fixtures regularly to prevent mineral buildup that can affect performance:
- Toilets: Clean both the bowls and tanks regularly.
- Showerheads and aerators: Soak in vinegar or a descaling product to clear mineral deposits.
- Faucets: Wipe down after use to prevent buildup and water spots.
Periodic Inspections
Check your fixtures regularly to make sure they’re working properly:
- Check for leaks around the base of toilets and faucets.
- Make sure your toilet flappers are sealing properly.
- Verify that aerators and low-flow devices are functioning correctly.
Replacing Parts as Needed
Swap out worn parts to keep fixtures efficient. Watch on for wear on your:
- Faucet washers and o-rings
- Showerhead gaskets
- Toilet flappers and fill valves
Professional Check-ups
We recommend scheduling an annual check-up with a licensed plumber to help identify potential issues early and keep your fixtures in top shape.