Stone walls add timeless beauty and character to any area. Whether you’re constructing a retaining wall, a decorative garden feature, or a freestanding structure, selecting the right materials is key to a long-lasting, beautiful stone wall. From natural fieldstone to manufactured concrete blocks, you have various options depending on your style and budget. In this guide, we’ll walk you through different stone wall materials and help you pick the best one for your project.
Types of Stone Wall Materials
There are three main types of stone wall materials: concrete blocks, natural stone, and stone veneer. We’ll take a closer look at each of these options below.
Cast-Concrete Blocks
If you want to prioritize affordability and ease of installation for your project, then cast-concrete blocks are a great choice. Consider the following styles:
- Interlocking systems: These ensure structural integrity, making them particularly beneficial for retaining walls.
- Rough-faced blocks: These blocks mimic natural stone’s unique aura, lending authenticity without the associated costs.
- Smooth-faced blocks: These blocks are ideal for small, freestanding walls and offer sleek, modern lines.
Cast-concrete blocks come in uniform shapes and sizes, making them great for DIY projects and larger retaining wall formations.
Natural Stone
Natural stone offers an authentic, rustic appearance that many homeowners love. Here are some natural stone varieties to consider:
- Bluestone: Known for its rich color palette, from deep blues to light grays
- Fieldstone: Rounded stones typically found in fields or riverbeds, offering a natural, rustic appearance
- Pennsylvania stone: Flat, layered stones ideal for stacking, especially noted for durability
- West Mountain stone: Offers a mix of colors and textures for added visual appeal and uniqueness
While natural stone demands skilled masonry work for precision placement, it yields a timeless custom wall.
Stone Veneer
Stone veneer captures natural stone’s essence with reduced weight and simplified installation. The two main stone veneer types are manufactured and natural, which differ as follows:
- Manufactured stone veneer: Concrete molded and carefully colored to replicate natural stone’s charm
- Natural stone veneer: Real stone thinly sliced for application
You would typically attach veneer to a concrete or block wall base to mimic the look of stone without the associated mass or weight.
Factors To Consider When Choosing Stone Wall Materials
When selecting your stone wall materials, you’ll need to consider your aesthetic preferences, budget, and more. Keep the following in mind when planning for your stone wall:
Appearance Preferences
Cast-concrete blocks or manufactured stone veneer typically produce a sleek, contemporary finish. If you’re searching for a more natural or rustic result, you might prefer fieldstone or another natural stone variety. If you have a specific color scheme in mind, select materials that match your current landscape, which may mean opting for custom stone veneer.
Budget
Different materials suit different budgets. Cast-concrete blocks are often the most affordable choice, but stone veneer is also relatively inexpensive. Natural stone is the priciest option. As you formulate your budget, consider both material and labor costs, especially for more intricate installations.
Maintenance Requirements
Maintenance requirements vary from material to material. While most are relatively low-maintenance, cast-concrete blocks are the simplest to keep clean and in good condition. Natural stone may require occasional mortar repointing and stone veneer could benefit from adhesive reapplication over time.
Purpose of the Wall
The wall’s intended function heavily impacts your material choices. Here are a few examples:
- Decorative walls: Focus on achieving your ideal look, as there are several materials to choose from.
- Freestanding walls: These walls require materials capable of solid stacking without additional support.
- Retaining walls: Retaining walls require interlocking systems or sufficient mass to hold soil effectively.
Skill Level Required
Different materials require varying degrees of expertise for proper installation. Cast-concrete blocks are great for DIY projects as several systems are designed with simple interlocking mechanisms. However, you might want to hire a masonry professional to install natural stone or stone veneer.
Stone Wall Installation Techniques
You’ll also need to think about which installation techniques you want to use for your stone wall. These are the most common options:
- Dry stack method: You would most likely use this method for natural stone as it is best suited for low wall projects. However, you should carefully select and precisely place your stones to ensure stability. This method also encourages natural drainage.
- Mortared walls: Mortar will keep your stone walls intact for several years. You can use this method with several stone shapes and sizes, though it requires a bit of time to cure.
- Veneer application: This method creates a solid foundation because you can use it on concrete or block to create an even surface—and enhanced adhesion—for your wall material. Proper barrier installation is key to countering potential water damage.
Tips for Working With Different Stone Wall Materials
Consider the following tips for each stone wall material type before you embark on your DIY installation:
Cast-Concrete Blocks
- Start with larger stones to create a strong, stable base.
- Sort stones by size and shape to speed up the construction process.
- Stagger the joints to give the structure more durability and security.
Natural Stone
- Add capstones to give your project a polished finish.
- Carefully level the base to ensure everything starts on solid footing.
- Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for interlocking systems to achieve a proper fit.
Stone Veneer
- Mix stone sizes and colors to create a more natural appearance.
- Prepare a solid waterproof backing to ensure the foundation is ready for installation.
- Use corner pieces to produce seamless edges.