Whether you’re starting a new lawn from scratch or overseeding an existing one, choosing the appropriate grass seed can make all the difference in your lawn’s success. In this article, we’ll explore how to choose grass seed and provide expert advice on the best types of grass for different regions and conditions. This Old House landscape contractor Roger Cook and turf expert Mary Owen offer their suggestions in the above video.
Understanding Grass Seed Types
There are two main categories of grass seeds: cool-season and warm-season grasses. Each type of grass thrives in specific climate conditions and regions of the country.
Cool-Season Grasses
Cool-season grasses thrive in areas with cold winters and mild summers. They grow best when temperatures are between 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. You can find them in the northern United States, from New England to the Pacific Northwest. This group of grasses has a lush appearance and establishes quickly in the fall.
Here are a few popular cool-season grass types:
- Fine fescue
- Kentucky bluegrass
- Perennial ryegrass
- Tall fescue
Warm-Season Grasses
Warm-season grasses flourish in regions with hot summers and mild winters. They grow best when temperatures are between 80 degrees Fahrenheit and 95 degrees Fahrenheit. These grasses tend to grow in the southern United States, from Florida to California, where they can withstand high temperatures and extended periods of drought. These grasses use the warm months to build resilience and establish deep root systems.
Here are some common warm-season grass types:
- Bermuda grass
- Centipede grass
- St. Augustine grass
- Zoysia grass
Grass Transition Zone
In the transition zone, where both cool-season and warm-season grasses can grow, you can use a mix of these types of grasses in your yard:
- Kentucky bluegrass
- Perennial ryegrass
- Tall fescue
Factors for Choosing Grass Seed
Consider several factors, such as climate, sun exposure, and soil type, when selecting grass seed for your lawn.
Climate and Region
The most critical factor in choosing grass seed is your climate and region. Here are three main grass-growing regions in the United States:
- Northern (cool-season)
- Southern (warm-season)
- Transition zone (where both cool-season and warm-season grasses can grow)
Sun Exposure
Grass types have varying sunlight requirements. Assess the amount of sun your lawn receives throughout the day:
- Full sun (6+ hours of direct sunlight)
- Partial shade (4–6 hours of direct sunlight)
- Full shade (less than 4 hours of direct sunlight)
For shady areas, consider grass types, such as fine fescues or Zoysia grass, which are more shade-tolerant.
Soil Type and Condition
The type and condition of your soil can impact grass growth. Conduct a soil test to determine your yard’s pH level, nutrient content, and soil texture (sandy, loamy, or clay). Some grass types, such as tall fescue, are more adaptable to various soil conditions, while other grasses may require specific soil amendments.
Intended Use and Traffic
Consider how you plan to use your lawn and the amount of traffic it will experience:
- High-traffic areas (this includes children’s play areas and pet zones)
- Low-traffic areas (ornamental lawns)
- Sports fields
Grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass are more resistant to wear and tear, making them suitable for high-traffic areas.
Grass Seeds To Avoid
While many grass types create beautiful lawns, you’ll want to avoid certain grasses for residential use due to their demanding maintenance needs or limited advantages. For example, creeping bentgrass requires daily mowing and intensive care, making it unsuitable for home lawns. Another grass to avoid is annual ryegrass. This type of grass dies back each year and requires reseeding, making it impractical for permanent lawns.
Proper Lawn Maintenance
Choosing the right grass seed is just the first step in creating a beautiful lawn. Proper maintenance, from watering to mowing and fertilizing, is necessary for long-term success and the overall health of your lawn.
Watering
Effective watering can help you maintain a healthy lawn. Deep and infrequent watering encourages roots to grow downwards, supporting grass in times of drought. Here are some watering tips:
- Aim for 1 inch of water per week, including rainfall.
- Use a rain gauge to measure water application.
- Water early in the morning to reduce evaporation.
Mowing
Consistent mowing practices foster a thriving lawn by preventing disease and ensuring uniform growth. Keep these mowing tips in mind throughout the year:
- Keep mower blades sharp for clean cuts.
- Mow at the proper height for your grass type.
- Never remove more than one-third of the grass blade length in a single mowing.
Fertilizing
Proper fertilization provides essential nutrients for grass growth and vitality and prevents pests and diseases. Conduct a soil test to determine nutrient needs, and apply fertilizer according to your grass type and growing season. Follow local regulations regarding fertilizer use.