How To Transplant Mature Trees

Transplanting mature trees can dramatically transform your landscape, but it requires careful planning and execution. Relocating trees to improve your property’s appearance or accommodate new construction demands proper techniques to help their survival and health in new locations. In the above video, This Old House landscape contractor Roger Cook shows how to safely move trees using both traditional and innovative methods, offering practical insights into this intricate process. Learn more in our guide below.

Tree Transplanting Basics

Transplanting mature trees is more than simply digging up a tree and replanting it elsewhere. The process requires careful consideration of the tree’s size, species, health, and the conditions of both the original and new planting sites. Understanding the intricacies involved is pivotal to the successful relocation of these majestic specimens.

Why Transplant Mature Trees?

There are several reasons you might choose to transplant mature trees. You may seek to redesign the landscape to match evolving styles, while others must accommodate new construction projects. Improving sunlight exposure, preserving valuable or rare species, and correcting improper initial placement are also common motivations for undertaking this challenging task.

Best Time for Transplanting

The ideal time to transplant trees is during their dormant season, typically in late fall or early spring. This timing minimizes stress, giving trees the best chance of survival in their new location. However, with meticulous care and the right techniques, you can move trees at other times if necessary. The key lies in understanding the species-specific requirements and environmental factors that influence tree health during relocation.

Preparing for Tree Transplantation

Proper preparation leads to a successful tree transplantation. This involves assessing the tree, preparing the new planting site, and gathering the necessary tools and materials to experience a smooth transition from one location to another.

Assessing the Tree

Before beginning the transplantation process, evaluate the tree’s overall health and size. In the video, Cook demonstrates how to measure the tree’s trunk diameter, which determines the size of the root ball needed for successful transplantation. Understanding these specific dimensions is vital for preparing the tree for its new home, providing minimal stress during the relocation.

Preparing the New Site

You should prep the new planting site before removing the tree from its original location. Steps include digging a hole that is two to three times wider than the root ball to accommodate the tree’s roots comfortably. It’s also important to make sure the site has proper soil drainage and check for any underground utilities that might interfere with the planting. Think about sun exposure and wind protection to create a hospitable environment for the tree.

Gathering Tools and Materials

To transplant mature trees effectively, gather the following tools and materials:

• Air-spade for innovative bare-root transplanting
• Crimping tool and burlap to secure the root ball
• Compost, sand, and topsoil for backfilling, improving root establishment
• Forklift or tree spade for larger trees
• Pointed shovel for precise digging
• Spading fork to loosen soil

Traditional Ball and Burlap Method

The ball and burlap method is a time-tested technique for transplanting mature trees. This method involves digging around the tree to create a root ball, which you then wrap in burlap for protection during the move. It requires precise execution to make sure the tree remains healthy throughout the process.

Digging the Root Ball

To begin, tie a yellow ribbon on a branch to indicate the tree’s “face” or best-looking side, assisting in proper orientation when replanting. Next, tie branches close to the trunk with twine to protect them and improve access to the tree’s base. Measure 12 inches up from the ground on the trunk and determine its diameter. For every inch of trunk diameter, dig a trench 1 foot wide around the tree. For instance, a 5-inch-diameter trunk requires a 5-foot-diameter trench.

Wrapping the Root Ball

Once you expose the root ball, wrap it in burlap. Secure the burlap pieces together using a crimping tool and metal clips. Tie the burlap tightly to the root ball using jute string to keep the soil intact during the move. This meticulous process means that the root structure remains undisturbed, promoting better acclimation in the new location.

Moving the Tree

For larger trees, a forklift or tree spade may be necessary to safely lift and transport the tree to its new location. You can often move smaller trees by hand or with the help of a dolly. Carefully plan the route to avoid obstacles and minimize stress on the tree. We recommend employing professional help or equipment for larger transplants to guarantee the tree’s safety and integrity.

Bare-Root Transplanting Method

In the video, Cook introduces an innovative bare-root transplanting method demonstrated by expert Matt Foti. This technique offers several advantages over the traditional ball and burlap method, allowing for a broader preservation of the tree’s root system and potentially better establishment in its new location.

Using Compressed Air

The bare-root method uses a compressed-air excavation tool to remove soil from the root system without damaging the roots. This allows for the preservation of a larger root system compared to the ball and burlap method. By doing so, the tree retains more of its essential nutrients and structure, which aids in its adaptation to the new environment.

Preparing the Roots for Transport

After exposing the roots, they’re carefully wrapped and tied to protect them during the move. This method facilitates easier handling of the tree, increasing the tree’s chances of thriving in its new environment due to the preserved root structure. The ability to maintain a larger portion of the root mass can make the difference in successful transplantation, fostering quicker establishment and growth.

Planting the Transplanted Tree

Whether using the ball and burlap or bare-root method, correct planting helps the tree’s survival and growth in its new location. Attention to detail during this phase can make or break the success of the transplantation.

Positioning the Tree

Carefully place the tree in the prepared hole, checking that it’s at the same depth as in its original location. Orient the tree so its best side (marked with the yellow ribbon) faces the desired direction. Correct positioning allows the tree to maximize its potential for growth and sun exposure, accommodating style and environmental preferences.

Backfilling and Watering

Backfill around the newly transplanted tree with a mixture of compost, sand, and topsoil to support root establishment. Water thoroughly to eliminate air pockets and achieve good soil-to-root contact. Additionally, add a layer of mulch around the base of the tree, keeping it away from the trunk to prevent moisture-related issues. Mulching helps retain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and suppress weed growth, contributing significantly to the tree’s health.

Post-Transplant Care

Providing proper aftercare is vital for the tree to establish itself in its new location. Water the tree deeply twice a week throughout the summer to achieve proper hydration. Apply a slow-release fertilizer to promote root growth and prune any damaged branches. Monitor the tree for signs of stress or disease, acting promptly to address any issues that might arise. Regular inspection and maintenance foster a robust establishment during the post-transplant period.