Mold is a huge concern that can affect any home, potentially causing health issues and structural damage if left unchecked. In this article, we’ll explore how to remove mold properly and prevent future problems.This Old House plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey and host Kevin O’Connor discuss mold cleanup techniques with environmental contractor Brian Fitzsimons in the video above.
What Causes Mold?
Mold is a type of fungi that thrives in moist environments and can spread quickly if not addressed promptly. While mold plays a vital role in nature, its presence in homes can lead to various health concerns, especially for individuals with allergies or respiratory issues.
Mold requires two primary factors to grow:
- Moisture
- A food source (such as organic materials)
Common causes of mold growth in homes include:
- Flooding or water damage
- High humidity levels
- Leaky pipes or roofs
- Poor ventilation
Health Risks Associated with Mold
Exposure to mold can cause a range of health problems, particularly for those with preexisting conditions. Some potential health risks include:
- Allergic reactions
- Asthma attacks
- Respiratory issues
- Skin irritation
Address mold problems promptly to minimize these health risks and prevent further spread.
Identifying Mold in Your Home
Before you can effectively clean up mold, you need to identify its presence and extent. Here are some signs that may indicate a mold problem in your home:
- Musty odors
- Peeling paint or wallpaper
- Visible mold growth (often appearing as black, green, or white spots)
- Water stains or discoloration on walls, ceilings, or floors
If you suspect mold but can’t see it, hire a professional mold inspector to conduct a thorough assessment of your home.
Steps for Cleaning Up Mold
When tackling mold cleanup, follow these steps for thorough and safe removal:
- Identify and fix the moisture source to prevent future mold growth.
- Isolate the affected area to prevent spore spread.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and an N95 respirator.
- Remove and dispose of moldy materials that can’t be cleaned.
- Clean hard surfaces with appropriate cleaning solutions.
- Dry the area thoroughly to prevent mold regrowth.
- Apply a mold inhibitor to treated surfaces.
Cleaning Hard Surfaces
For nonporous surfaces like tile or glass, you can use various cleaning solutions:
- A mixture of water and detergent
- Commercial mold cleaners
- A solution of 1 cup of bleach per gallon of water
Scrub the surface thoroughly and rinse with clean water. Dry the area completely after cleaning.
Dealing with Porous Materials
Porous materials often need to be removed and replaced if they’ve been affected by mold. As Fitzsimons explains, sheetrock with mold typically needs to be completely removed from the home.
Cleaning Mold on Structural Elements
When mold affects structural elements, like wooden framing, special care is needed for thorough cleaning and prevention of future growth.
Cleaning Mold from Wood Framing
To clean mold from wood framing, follow these steps:
- Use a HEPA vacuum to remove loose mold spores.
- Sand the wood surface to remove any remaining mold.
- Apply a biocide to kill any remaining mold spores.
- Use an encapsulant with a built-in mold inhibitor to prevent future growth.
This process allows for effective mold removal without the need to replace structural elements.
Preventing Future Mold Growth
After cleaning up mold, take steps to prevent its return. Here are some effective strategies:
- Fix leaks promptly, whether from pipes, roofs, or windows.
- Improve ventilation in high-moisture areas.
- Regularly clean and maintain gutters and downspouts.
- Use dehumidifiers in damp basements or crawl spaces.
- Use mold-resistant products when renovating or building.
Improving Home Ventilation
Proper ventilation is key to preventing mold growth. Follow these tips:
- Open windows when weather permits to allow fresh air circulation.
- Install and use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens.
- Make sure clothes dryers vent directly outside.
- Use air conditioning units with HEPA filters to remove mold spores from the air.
When to Seek Professional Help
While homeowners can address many mold problems, some situations require professional intervention. It’s advisable to contact an industrial hygienist if you suspect a significant mold problem in your home.
An industrial hygienist can:
- Determine the concentration of mold spores
- Identify the types of mold present
- Recommend appropriate remediation strategies
Professional mold remediation may be necessary for:
- Large-scale infestations
- Mold in hard-to-reach areas
- Situations where the extent of the problem is unclear