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A rolling library ladder is a great way to add both elegance and functionality to tall bookcases or cabinets. Whether you’re reaching for a favorite book or a storage container, this classic feature combines form and function. While you can purchase pre-made ladders, building your own lets you customize it to your taste and needs. This Old House senior technical editor Mark Powers demonstrates the step-by-step process of constructing and installing a rolling library ladder.
Materials and Tools Needed To Build a Rolling Library Ladder
To get started on your rolling library ladder project, gather the following materials and tools:
- 1×4 red oak boards for handrails
- 1×5 red oak boards for treads
- 3/4-inch red oak spindle
- Clamps
- Combination square
- Drill/driver with various bits
- Level
- Miter saw
- Paint and primer
- Rolling ladder hardware kit
- Router with straight and roundover bits
- Sandpaper (120-grit)
- Tape measure
- Track and mounting brackets
- Wood glue
Preparing the Rolling Ladder Components
The first step in creating your rolling library ladder is preparing the individual components. This process involves cutting, shaping, and finishing the wooden pieces that will form the structure of your ladder.
Cutting the Handrails
To determine the length of your handrails, measure from the floor to the shelf where the track will be installed, then add 5 inches to create a comfortable climbing angle. Cut two 1×4 red oak boards to this length, making parallel 12-degree miter cuts at each end to ensure the right pitch for your ladder.
Shaping the Tops
After cutting the handrails to length, you’ll need to shape the tops to accommodate the rolling hardware. Measure 8 inches down from the acute angle of each handrail and make a mark. Use a combination square to draw a cut line from this mark to the mitered end. Cut along this line with a jigsaw to create the correct angle for the rolling hardware. Shaping the tops allows the rollers to move smoothly.
Creating the Spindle Hole and Tread Grooves
On the inner face of each handrail, measure and mark a point 4 inches down from the top along the centerline. Use a 7/8-inch Forstner bit to drill a hole for the spindle, stopping when the top of the bit is flush with the board. Repeat on the mirroring face of the other handrail.
To form the tread grooves, create a routing guide from scrap wood with parallel 12-degree ends. Clamp this guide to the handrail and use a router with a 13/16-inch straight bit to create 1/8-inch deep grooves across the handrail. Repeat this process for both handrails, working your way up and stopping shy of the spindle hole. Proper grooves ensure the treads fit securely.
Tip: Router bits spin clockwise, so move the tool in the direction that keeps the bit biting into the wood for the greatest control.
Routing the Bullnose
A bullnose extension provides foot space between the railing and the ladder to minimize tripping hazards. Fit the router with the 3/8-inch roundover bit. Clamp down the handrails and the 15-tread stock with one edge of each board extending off your worktable. Rout the edge of each board, flip the boards over, and rout the edge on the opposite side to complete the bullnose profile. Do the same on the opposite edges of each board and on the top edges of each handrail.
Drilling Pilot Holes
Fit the drill/driver with the 1/8-inch bit and drill two pilot holes into each tread groove, each one inset 3/4-inch from a handrail’s edge. Switch to the 23/64-inch bit and drill a hole 1/2-inch below the bottom of each groove, centered side to side, to accept the rung supports.
Finishing the Pieces
On the miter saw, cut the bullnosed 15-tread stock into individual treads. Measure and mark spots 1/2-inch from each corner along the edges, and connect each pair of marks to form a diagonal cutline. Set the miter saw to 45 degrees and cut the treads’ corners. Use 120-grit paper to sand down the handrails, spindle, and treads. Prime and paint the pieces using the 2-and-1/2-inch angled sash brush, leaving grooves and tread edges bare to grip the glue during assembly.
Assembling the Rolling Library Ladder
With all the parts ready, it’s time to assemble your rolling library ladder. This process involves attaching the treads to the handrails and installing the hardware.
Attaching the Treads
Begin by applying wood glue to the grooves in one handrail. Press each tread into place, standing upright, then insert the spindle. Apply glue to the grooves of the other rail and carefully place it on top of the treads and spindle. Use a mallet to tap it into place gently.
Secure the treads by driving two 1-and-3/4-inch washer-head screws through the outer face of each rail and into the ends of each tread. Ensure the ladder is square by measuring diagonally from the top of each handrail to the bottom of the other—these measurements should match. A square ladder provides stability and safety.
Attaching the Rollers
Position the rolling hardware at the angled top of a handrail. Fit the drill/driver with the 1/8-inch bit, hold the hardware in place, and drill pilot holes through the bracket holes into the edge of the handrail. Fasten the hardware with the included wood screws.
Drill a second set of 1/4-inch pilot holes through the bracket holes on the side of the rollers through the handrail, as shown, and secure the rollers with the included through bolts and nuts, tightening them with a hex-key wrench. Install the hardware for the second handrail.
Attaching the Wheels
Center a wheel along the mitered bottom edge of each handrail, and drill pilot holes through the bracket into the handrail. Use the hex-key wrench to tighten the through bolts while securing the nut with the adjustable wrench. Drive the supplied wood screw into the hole at the base of each bracket.
Mounting the Track
This process requires precision to ensure smooth operation and safety. If necessary, you can cut the track to the desired length using a miter box and hacksaw. For longer bookcases, you may need to join two pieces of track. This can be done by tapping a threaded rod into the hole at one end of the track and using a splicing block to join the sections.
Thread the mounting brackets into the track’s groove, spacing them to align with the stiles on your bookcase. Hold the track against the bookcase, making sure it’s level, and mark the locations for the mounting screws. Drill pilot holes at these marks, then secure the track using wood screws.
Finishing Touches for Your Rolling Library Ladder
Once your ladder is fully assembled and the track is mounted, you can add some finishing touches to make it look and feel more professional.
Sanding and Painting
Before final assembly, sand all wooden components with 120-grit sandpaper to smooth the surfaces. Follow with a coat of primer and paint in your desired color. Allow each coat to dry thoroughly before applying the next. This process protects the wood and makes your ladder more attractive. Choose a stain or paint color that complements your room’s decor.
Testing and Adjustments
After all components are in place, test the ladder by rolling it along the track to ensure smooth operation. Make any necessary adjustments to the hardware or track alignment. Make sure everything works properly before you start using the ladder regularly.
Installing Decorative Elements and Additional Features
Consider adding decorative finials to the top of the handrails for a touch of elegance. These can be easily attached with wood screws or glue. You can add additional features such as hooks for hanging accessories or a built-in book holder on one of the treads. These practical additions can enhance the functionality of your ladder. You might want to add non-slip pads to the bottom of the wheels to prevent the ladder from sliding when in use.
Safety Considerations
While building and using a rolling library ladder can be a fun and rewarding project, safety should always be a top priority. Ensure that the track is securely mounted to the bookcase or wall. Use the right screws and anchors for your specific type of wall or bookcase material. Proper mounting prevents the track from coming loose, which could cause the ladder to fall.
Consider the weight capacity of your ladder and the hardware. Most rolling ladder hardware kits specify a maximum weight limit. Avoid exceeding this limit to maintain safety.
Perform regular maintenance checks on your ladder and track. Tighten any loose screws or bolts, and inspect the wheels and rollers for wear and tear. Regular maintenance helps prolong the life of your ladder and ensures safe usage.
