Presentació de Lluís M. Anglada, director de l'Àrea de Biblioteques, Informació i Documentació del CSUC, a l'International Coalition of Library Consortia (ICOLC), que va tenir lloc del 20 al 22 d'octubre de 2014 a la Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal.
En aquesta presentació, que formava part del bloc dedicat a noves eines, Anglada presenta el nou sistema integrat de biblioteques i eines de descobriment com a oportunitats per als consorcis.
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Sistema Compartit a l'ICOLC
1. Sharing your library
New ILS and discovery tools
are an opportunity for
consortia
Lluís Anglada, Ramon Ros, Marta Tort
CBUC (CSUC)
ICOLC Europe Meeting 2014
Lisboa, October 21th
2. Sharing your library
New ILS and discovery tools
are an opportunity for
consortia
Lluís Anglada, Ramon Ros, Marta Tort
CBUC (CSUC)
ICOLC Europe Meeting 2014
Lisboa, October 21th
3. Sharing your library
cooperation and new
software tools are an
opportunity to improve
library services
Lluís Anglada, Ramon Ros, Marta Tort
CBUC (CSUC)
ICOLC Europe Meeting 2014
Lisboa, October 21th
4. A short preamble
• “Cooperation between libraries has always been considered a Good Thing,
like belief in God and motherhood. However, belief in God is by no means
universal , and a great deal more effort is nowadays spent on trying to
avoid motherhood than on trying to achieve it. Similarly, library
cooperation is something to which much lip-service is paid but which is
practised relatively rarely, and when it is practised is rarely effective”.
– Maurice B. Line, "Is Cooperation a Good Thing?." 1979 IATUL Proceedings
http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iatul/1979/papers/1
• When cooperation is effective?
– Usefulness: When is able to create useful service (a new one that we could not
create alone)
– Savings: When it allow us to save money (money that we can redirect to improve
services)
5. News ILS and discovery tools are an opportunity for
consortia
• How old tools has been an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– The traditions union catalogues and their evolution
– The traditional ILL and their evolution
• Are the new tools really new and really tools?
• How new tools could be an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– Union catalogues and shared system
– Shared collections and maximize discoverability
6. The consortia predecessors: library networks
• They where born to share costs (= computer)
– OCLC (and ILLINET, MINITEX, NELINET)
– PICA
– Regional library systems in UK (as Scolcap in Scotland)
– Bibsys (Norway)
– …
• They created
– Union catalogues and
– ILL services
7. Union catalogues
• Good in Usefulness
– Bibliographic information improves
– More discovery to your collections
• Good in indirect savings
– Copy cataloging !!!
• To catalogue in Catalan university libraries could cost 3.310.281,00 € more without the union
catalogue CCUC.
• But, also, very complex and costly to create. Traditionally you needed:
• A dedicated machine
• To create the union DDBB additionally to the local ones
• To use the same system
8. CBUC scenario before 2005
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
We used to have this… but
eleven times!
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
Local database: VTLS
Local IT staff
Local server
9. CBUC scenario after 2005
Local databases: Millennium
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
We centralized local catalogs
but also offered new services
(Clúster, SFX, Metalib, PUC,
etc.)
SFX and Millennium
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
Clúster
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
We save 552.112 € anually, on
• IT staff
• Hardware purchasing and
maintenance
• Software licensing
10. Interlibrary loan
(also called ‘resource sharing’)
• Good in Usefulness
– Users can get more books
– Library offer increases
• Good in indirect savings (?)
– You have not to buy all that the users ask for
• But, also, very complex and costly to create. Traditionally you
needed:
– Library agreements
– Mail delivery
– Another software, usually independent from ILS
– Library staff (because is a mediated service)
11. PUC, the consortial borrowing
(using an old tool)
• PUC in Catalan means I can do that
• It began in late 2011
• It is patron initiated
• It is a free service
• PUC allows students, faculty, and staff to easily search and request library
materials owned by member libraries
• Every member library agrees to follow the same procedures and policies
• It allows to make the request directly from the CCUC union catalog interface (no
ILL services intermediation)
12. PUC, the consortial borrowing
From 2010 to 2013:
67% increase!
ILL ILL PUC PUC
PUC PUC
Requests
2010
Requests
2011
Requests
2012
Requests
2013
Requests
2014 (Jan-
Sep)
30,436
32,761
45,726
50,837
37,542
ILL+
PUC
start
ILL extend the access to the
library collection, and
consortial borrowing
extend the access to
the library collection
even more!
13. News ILS and discovery tools are an opportunity for
consortia
• How old tools has been an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– The traditions union catalogues and their evolution
– The traditional ILL and their evolution
• Are the new tools really new and really tools?
– From ILS to LSP
– From OPAC to DT
• How new tools cold be an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– Union catalogues and shared system
– Shared collections and maximize discoverability
14. Are the new systems really new?
From ILS to LSP
• Marshall Breeding (Library Systems report 2014)
– Form ILS to Library services platforms (LSP)
– OCLC Worldshare Management System, ALMA (Ex-Libris), Sierra (Innovative), Spydus 9
(Civica), Kuali OLE, Open Skies (VTLS), Intota (Serials Solutions)
• Main features of the Next Generation ILS:
– They manage the whole library, specially the electronic content
– They work with different metadata formats at the same time: MARC, DC, DCQ, METS, etc.
– Cloud based
– Designed for a high cooperation and reuse
– Multitenant
– They are not closed systems, they are platforms where to build apps on top of
15. Multitenancy
• Multitenancy (Wikipedia)
– software architecture where a single instance of the software runs on a server,
serving multiple tenants.
– A tenant is a group of users sharing the same view on a software they use.
– … multitenant architecture … provide every tenant a dedicated share of the
instance...
– Multitenancy contrasts with multi-instance architectures where separate software
instances operate on behalf of different tenants.
• Multitenancy in Twitter
– You: @lluisanglada
– Your group: following
– A topic: #libraries
16. Are the new systems really new?
Form OPAC to DT
• OPACs appear in the late '70, and they changed the way how to discover library
books. But, OPACs has never served 100% of the discovery needs of library users
– For current awareness (usually better serve for DDBB)
– For special collections (usually catalogued in separate fields)
• Discovery Tools (DT)
– Federated searches has been the first attempt for a tool that allows to discover between all
articles of all the subscribed journals
– The first to use this name was AquaBrowser (an improved OPAC)
• “Provide a simple, intuitive search interface & Make catalog and local collections more discoverable”
– Now they combine DT = mega index & filtering facilities that allow a single search for all the
library resources (books, articles, and digital objects in digital repositories)
• Summon (2009)
17. Where discovery happens?
• ‘Discovery’ includes several functions or processes (*):
– Known-item search = one seeks to locate a specific information
resource already known through previous use, citation, or otherwise
• known-item searches, = accessibility
– Current awareness = stay up to date in their field
• current awareness, = discoverability
– Exploratory search = one seeks as-yet unknown information on some
topic
(*) Roger C. Schonfeld / Does discovery still happen In the library? : roles and strategies for a shifting
reality // Ithaka S + R, 2014
18. 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Una base de dades especialitzada
(PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science,
etc.)
Un motor de cerca a Internet (Bing,
Google, Yahoo, etc.)
El catàleg de la meva biblioteca Els prestatges de la meva biblioteca
(col·leccions de llibres i revistes
impreses)
Percentatge
CAT 2014
EUA 2012
current
awareness
library
19. 100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Al catàleg o pàgina web de la biblioteca A una base de dades especialitzada
(PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.)
A un motor de cerca a Internet (Bing,
Google, Yahoo, etc.)
Un altre
Percentatge
CAT 2014
EUA 2012
UK 2012
library
known-item
searches
20. New needs (*)
• The evolving scholarly record: Libraries acquire, organize, and provide stewardship of the scholarly
record. Ongoing redefinition of the scholarly record will drive changes in library and publishing
practice.
– You need resources to create new services
• The inside-out collection: The dominant library model has been outside-in, where materials are
purchased or licensed from external sources and made available to a local audience. The inside-out
model, where institutional materials (digitized special collections, research and learning materials,
researcher expertise profiles, etc.) are shared with an external audience requires new ways of thinking.
– You need to push your data out
• Sourcing and scaling: Collections will be managed at several levels, above the institution as well as
within it. Choices about the optimum level (institutional, consortial/group, regional, global) for
management are becoming more common, as are decisions about how to source activities
(collaborative, buy from third party, etc.).
– You need resources from others
(*) Dempsey, Lorcan, Constance Malpas, and Brian Lavoie. 2014. "Collection Directions: The Evolution of Library
Collections and Collecting" portal: Libraries and the Academy 14,3 (July): 393-423.
21. The key question:
Are new tools (LSP & DT) aligned with new needs?
• Allow us to save resources?
– yes
• Allow us to improve the discovery of resources owned by the library?
– yes
• Improve the role of the library as starting point in a current awareness
search?
– Not clear (search has moved to the network level)
• Makes more visible library resources?
– No (not yet)
• Allow us to embed library resources in research workflows?
– No
22. News ILS and discovery tools are an opportunity for
consortia
• How old tools has been an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– The traditions union catalogues and their evolution
– The traditional ILL and their evolution
• Are the new tools really new and really tools?
• How new tools cold be an opportunity to increase library
cooperation
– Union catalogues
– Shared system
– Shared collections
– Maximize discoverability
23. DT are a very cheap way to create union
cataloguess
BUCLE union catalogue
(OCLC World Cat)
Montana Academic
Libraries (Ex-Librs Primo)
24. CBUC scenario after 2005
Local databases: Millennium
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
We centralized local catalogs
but also offered new services
(Clúster, SFX, Metalib, PUC,
etc.)
SFX and Millennium
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
Clúster
Central CBUC IT staff
Centralized server
We saved on:
• IT staff
• Hardware purchasing and
maintenance
• Software licensing
25. CBUC future shared system
Shared database on a Next Generation ILS
Central CBUC IT staff
SaaS based
We do not expect to save much on:
• IT staff
• Hardware purchasing and maintenance
• Software licensing
Our goal: Increase productivity (= savings) a
lot based on:
• Simplifying duplicate tasks
• New & improved workflows
26. Shared collection
• Shared collections in digital world
• Big deals for e- journals
• Big deals for data bases
• Big deals also for e- books ?
• Shared collections in print world
• Union catalogue
• Consortial borrowing deals
• Mail service
• (storage facility)
29. Shared (print) collection
• Jacob Nadal, ReCAP (Columbia U, NYPL; Princeton U):
– “Our next major initiative is to turn ReCAP from a shared operation into a
shared collection, giving each partner full access to more than 3 million
additional items and providing a foundation for collaboration on major
collecting efforts in the years ahead.”
• Catherine Murray-Rust, Georgia Tech’s vice provost for learning
excellence and dean of libraries
– The collaboration between Georgia Tech and Emory University in Atlanta
“aims to develop a shared collection between our two institutions, both
retrospectively and prospectively,” Shared or collective collections
30. In many
collections
Outside, in
Commodity
A
In few collections
Licensed
Purchased
OCLC Collections Grid
L Dempsey
Distinctive
Library as broker
Maximise efficiency
Then
Low Stewardship High Stewardship
Library as provider
Maximise discoverability
Inside, out
Now
31. Inside, out = maximize discoverability =
• In the transition from print world to digital world, the digital divide affects
not only people, also documents
– some documents are rare and fragile
– a lot have not commercially interest
– quite a lot are the memory of very few
– …
• Actions
– first, localize and conserve
– second, digitalize
– third, expose (= maximize discoverability)
• And to do this, cooperation is useful and save resources
38. • Maurice B. Line tells us that cooperation is sometimes like
second marriages, which represent "the triumph of hope over
experience”, and that “cooperation should not be undertaken
unless it is likely to produce better results than would be
achieved by other means” (3).
• (3) Maurice B. Line “Co-operation: the triumph of hope over
experience?”,
• Interlending & document supply, 25 (1997) issue 2: 64-72.
39. A short afterword
• Maurice B. Line tells us that cooperation is sometimes like second
marriages, which represent "the triumph of hope over experience”,
• and that “cooperation should not be undertaken unless it is likely to
produce better results than would be achieved by other means”
– Maurice B. Line “Co-operation: the triumph of hope over experience?”,
Interlending & document supply, 25 (1997) issue 2: 64-72
• There are two measures for the effectiveness of the cooperation:
– if it is able to create useful service, and
– if it is able to save money
Maurice B. Line “Co-operation: the triumph of hope over experience?”,.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC
Bearing the Cost[edit]
The cost of implementing OCLC in the late 1960s was extraordinarily high by today's standards. Computers cost millions of dollars and software was measured in KLOCS (thousands of lines of code). No history is complete without an explanation of from where this money came.
At the time, university libraries around the country were constructing central libraries and shutting down their branch libraries—mathematics, biology, etc. The Ohio State University had an unusually large collection, spread out over a very large campus (there are currently 27 branch libraries), and an outside consulting company was hired to compare the cost of building a central library to creating an online catalog, which would alleviate the need for a central library (and make some of the faculty happier.) The consulting company's report said that the costs would be more or less the same, but that an online catalog offered the possibility of selling that service to other libraries for profit, and so the decision to create OCLC was made. The consulting company had in mind a commercial venture, and this may even have briefly happened for out-of-State libraries. The OCLC idea was already being tossed around, but this gave the State of Ohio the necessary funding justification.
3.1 CCUC
El CCUC proporciona uns beneficis de 3.310.281,00 €. Aquests provenen de considerar quin seria el cost de catalogar els documents que actualment cataloguen les biblioteques del CBUC si no poguessin copiar registres tal com els permet fer-ho el CCUC. De les dades de catalogació per còpia es considera que un 30% serien igualment catalogacions per còpia sense el CCUC. Es considera que la diferència entre les catalogacions que es fan i aquest 30% són les catalogacions per còpia que facilita el CCUC.
The genre of web-scale discovery services has seen vigorous development and competition since about 2009. These products rely on a massive centralized index populated by the universe of content products to which libraries subscribe, open access materials, and local resources such as those managed through its ILS. Major products include ProQuest Summon, Primo and Primo Central from Ex Libris, EBSCO Discovery Service, and OCLC’s WorldCat Local.
Library Systems Report 2014
Posted Tuesday, April 15, 2014 - 20:13
Competition and strategic cooperation
By Marshall Breeding
http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/library-systems-report-2014
But search has moved to the network level, and whether it is through Google’s Search, Scholar, or Books services, Wikipedia, or a variety of other tools, a higher share of academic discovery than ever before is routed around, rather than through, the library.
Does discovery still happen In the library? : roles and strategies for a shifting reality / Roger C. Schonfeld // Ithaka S + R, 2014
A recent survey of teachers and researchers from the universities of Catalonia showed that half of the respondents went first to a specialized database to start a literature search; the second option was Internet search engines (30%), followed by the library catalogue (17%) and the option of physically visiting the library, a residual 3% (Borrego, 2014).
Taula 11. Fonts emprades per consultar un document per al qual ja es disposa d’una referència
Respostes %
Al catàleg o pàgina web de la biblioteca 915 40,0
A una base de dades especialitzada (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, etc.) 757 34,1
A un motor de cerca a Internet (Bing, Google, Yahoo, etc.) 578 21,2
Altres 64 2,8
Aquests resultats són coincidents amb els registrats als Estats Units, amb percentatges idèntics d’utilització del catàleg i, a l’inrevés del que ocorria a la pregunta anterior, una menor preferència per les bases de dades bibliogràfiques en benefici d’una utilització lleugerament superior dels motors de cerca. Al Regne Unit s’observa que el recurs més utilitzat són les bases de dades especialitzades, per sobre del catàleg de la biblioteca, mentre que els motors de cerca tenen un percentatge d’adeptes idèntic a l’observat a Catalunya.
Dempsey, Lorcan, Constance Malpas, and Brian Lavoie. 2014. "Collection Directions: The Evolution of Library Collections and Collecting" portal: Libraries and the Academy 14,3 (July): 393-423.
The evolving scholarly record: Libraries acquire, organize, and provide stewardship of the scholarly record. Ongoing redefinition of the scholarly record will drive changes in library and publishing practice.
You need resources to create new services
The inside-out collection: The dominant library model has been outside-in, where materials are purchased or licensed from external sources and made available to a local audience. The inside-out model, where institutional materials (digitized special collections, research and learning materials, researcher expertise profiles, etc.) are shared with an external audience requires new ways of thinking.
You need to push your data out
Sourcing and scaling: Collections will be managed at several levels, above the institution as well as within it. Choices about the optimum level (institutional, consortial/group, regional, global) for management are becoming more common, as are decisions about how to source activities (collaborative, buy from third party, etc.).
You need resources from others
Noves possibilitats
Lsp
Dt
Noves necessitats
Menys cost
Alliberar recursos
Dedicar-se a dades i no a gestionar dades
Reptes futur
Col·leccions especials
Cua llarga per a paper
Informar de dades pròpies
Suport recerca
online and through improved instructional offerings. But search has moved to the network level, and whether it is through Google’s Search, Scholar, or Books services, Wikipedia, or a variety of other tools, a higher share of academic discovery than ever before is routed around, rather than through, the library.
New system provides access to collections of 14 academic libraries in Montana through one search
September 24, 2014 -- MSU News Service
http://www.montana.edu/news/15107/new-system-provides-access-to-collections-of-14-academic-libraries-in-montana-through-one-search
Lizanne Payne / Winning the Space Race: Expanding collections and services with shared depositories // American libràries, Posted Tuesday, September 23, 2014 - 16:00 http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org/article/winning-space-race
Understanding the Collective Collection: Towards a System-wide Perspective on Library Print Collections / An OCLC Research Report by: Lorcan Dempsey, Brian Lavoie, Constance Malpas, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Roger C. Schonfeld, JD Shipengrover, and Günter Waibel
With an introduction by Lorcan Dempsey, The Emergence of the Collective Collection: Analyzing Aggregate Print Library Holdings
Key highlights:
Interest in shared print strategies has had several drivers: Google Books; the digital turn: changing patterns of research and learning; the opportunity costs of current use of space; efficient access to materials; and a general move to collaboration.
The network turn is leading to changes in the focus, boundaries and value of library collections. Libraries and the organizations that provide services to them are devoting more attention to system-wide organization of collections—whether the "system" is a consortium, a region or a country. Libraries are beginning to evolve arrangements that facilitate long-term shared management of the print literature as individual libraries begin to manage down their local capacity.
A system-wide perspective signals a real shift in emphasis. A range of first-ever calculations providing quantitative estimates and analyses of the system-wide collection. For example,
". . . given any two Google 5 libraries—or, if the Google 5 results can be extrapolated to a larger context, given any two large research libraries—eight out of ten books in their combined collections will be unique." (p. 43)
". . . post-1923 materials collectively account for more than 80 percent, or about 12.6 million, of the US-published print books in WorldCat." (p. 73)
"If the current growth trajectory of the HathiTrust Digital Library is sustained, we can project that more than 60% of the retrospective print collections held in ARL libraries will be duplicated in the shared digital repository by June 2014." (p. 80)
For ARL libraries, cost avoidance of $500,000 to $2 million per year and space savings of more than 45,000 assignable square feet could be achieved through shared print provision. (p. 81)
CollectionDirections: Towards the collective (print) collection
Maurice B. Line “Co-operation: the triumph of hope over experience?”,.