Plack at YAPC::NA 2010
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Plack is a superglue for Perl web frameworks that provides a common interface called PSGI (Perl Web Server Gateway Interface) inspired by WSGI and Rack. PSGI allows any web application or framework to run on any web server by providing a standard way for applications to communicate with servers. Plack also includes tools like Plackup for running PSGI applications from the command line and middleware for common functionality that can be shared across frameworks. Many existing Perl web frameworks have been adapted to run under PSGI through Plack.
![# WSGI
def hello(environ, start_response):
start_response(“200 OK”, [
(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’)
])
return [“Hello World”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-23-320.jpg)
![# Rack
class Hello
def call(env)
return [
200,
{ “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” },
[“Hello World”]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-28-320.jpg)
![# WSGI
def hello(environ, start_response):
start_response(“200 OK”, [
(‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’)
])
return [“Hello World”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-33-320.jpg)
![# Rack
class Hello
def call(env)
return [
200,
{ “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” },
[“Hello World”]
]
end
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-34-320.jpg)
![# PSGI
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [
200,
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ],
[ ‘Hello World’ ],
];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-35-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-37-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-39-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-41-320.jpg)
![# PSGI
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [
200,
[ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ],
[ ‘Hello World’ ],
];
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-44-320.jpg)
![# Web::Simple
use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’;
package MyApp;
dispatch {
sub(GET) {
[ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ];
}
};
my $app = MyApp->as_psgi;
# $app is a PSGI app!](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-58-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
my $mw = sub {
my $env = shift;
# do something with $env
my $res = $app->($env);
# do something with $res;
return $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-80-320.jpg)
![my $app = sub {
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
use Plack::Builder;
builder {
enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”,
path => qr!^/static/!;
enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate
$app;
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-84-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-94-320.jpg)
![use Plack::Test;
use HTTP::Request::Common;
$Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”;
my $app = sub {
my $env = shift;
return [ $status, $header, $body ];
};
test_psgi app => $app, client => sub {
my $cb = shift;
my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”;
my $res = $cb->($req);
# test $res;
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/plack-yapcna2010-100621123348-phpapp01/85/Plack-at-YAPC-NA-2010-95-320.jpg)
Plack at YAPC::NA 2010
- 1. Plack Superglue for Perl Web Frameworks Tatsuhiko Miyagawa YAPC::NA 2010
- 2. Tatsuhiko Miyagawa • Lives in San Francisco • Software Engineer @ Six Apart • http://search.cpan.org/~miyagawa/ • @miyagawa • http://bulknews.typepad.com/
- 4. Hello World
- 5. #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”;
- 6. use FCGI; my $req = FCGI::Request(); while ($req->Accept >= 0) { print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”; }
- 7. package HelloWorld; use strict; use Apache::RequestRec; use Apache::RequestIO; use Apache::Const -compile => qw(OK); sub handler { my $r = shift; $r->content_type(‘text/plain’); $r->print(“Hello World”); return Apache::Const::OK; } 1;
- 8. package HelloWorld; use base qw(HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI); sub handle_request { my($self, $cgi) = @_; print “HTTP/1.0 200 OKrn”; print “Content-Type: text/plainrnrn”; print “Hello World”; } 1;
- 9. All similar but slightly different
- 10. There is (was) one common way to do all of this.
- 11. #!/usr/bin/perl use CGI; my $q = CGI->new; print $q->header(‘text/plain’); print “Hello World”;
- 12. Happens to work on: CGI, FastCGI, mod_perl (HTTP::Server::Simple::CGI)
- 13. CGI.pm? meh
- 15. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 17. CGI.pm Jifty, CGI::Application, Spoon mod_perl centric Mason, Sledge, PageKit, WebGUI Adapters Catalyst, Maypole, Squatting
- 18. That was 2008.
- 19. Steal great idea from Python/Ruby
- 20. WSGI (Python) Rack (Ruby)
- 21. WSGI (PEP-333)
- 23. # WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]
- 24. WSGI • Django • mod_wsgi • Bottle • Paste • CherryPy • gunicorn • Tornado • uWSGI • Pylons • wsgiref • Flask • Google AppEngine
- 25. Django Bottle Flask Tornado WSGI middleware WSGI wsgi handlers Apache lighttpd nginx mod_wsgi GAE
- 26. Rack
- 28. # Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end
- 29. Rack • Rails • Unicorn • Merb • Thin • Sinatra • Mongrel • Camping • Rainbows! • Ramaze • Phusion Passenger • etc. • Heroku
- 30. Rails Merb Sinatra Ramaze Rack middleware Rack Rack handlers Apache lighttpd Thin Unicorn Mongrel
- 31. PSGI Perl Web Server Gateway Interface
- 32. Interface
- 33. # WSGI def hello(environ, start_response): start_response(“200 OK”, [ (‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’) ]) return [“Hello World”]
- 34. # Rack class Hello def call(env) return [ 200, { “Content-Type” => ”text/plain” }, [“Hello World”] ] end end
- 35. # PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };
- 36. PSGI application code reference $app = sub {...};
- 37. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 38. environment hash $env: CGI-like env variables + psgi.input, psgi.errors etc.
- 39. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 40. Response array ref with three elements status code, headers (array ref) and body (IO-like or array ref)
- 41. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; };
- 42. $body IO::Handle-like getline() and close()
- 43. That’s it.
- 44. # PSGI my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ 200, [ ‘Content-Type’, ‘text/plain’ ], [ ‘Hello World’ ], ]; };
- 45. Now you’ve got a PSGI application.
- 46. PSGI makes it so simple to:
- 47. Write a new Perl web app & framework
- 48. Write a new Perl web server
- 49. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal
- 50. PSGI adaptation
- 51. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 52. Maypole Mason Mojo Sledge Catalyst Spoon PageKit AxKit Egg Gantry Continuity Solstice Mojolicious Tripletail Konstrukt Reaction Jifty Cyclone3 WebGUI OpenInteract Squatting Dancer CGI::Application Nanoa Ark Angelos Noe Schenker Tatsumaki Amon Apache2::WebApp Web::Simple Apache2::REST SweetPea Hydrant Titanium
- 53. Applications Movable Type 6, WebGUI 8
- 54. # Catalyst use MyApp; MyApp->setup_engine(‘PSGI’); my $app = sub { MyApp->run(@_) }; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 55. # Jifty use MyPonyApp; my $app = MyPonyApp->psgi_app; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 56. # Dancer use Dancer; get ‘/’ => sub { “Hello World”; }; dance; # returns a PSGI app!
- 57. # Mojolicious::Lite use Mojolicious::Lite; get ‘/:name’ => sub { my $self = shift; $self->render_text(‘Hello!’); }; shagadelic; # returns PSGI app
- 58. # Web::Simple use Web::Simple ‘MyApp’; package MyApp; dispatch { sub(GET) { [ 200, [...], [ ‘Hello’ ] ]; } }; my $app = MyApp->as_psgi; # $app is a PSGI app!
- 60. HTTP::Server::PSGI Reference PSGI web server bundled in Plack
- 61. Plackup Runs PSGI app instantly from CLI (inspired by rackup)
- 63. Plack::Handler Connects PSGI apps to Web servers CGI, FastCGI, Apache, SCGI
- 64. PSGI Web Servers
- 65. Starman UNIX Preforking HTTP servers (like Unicorn.rb) HTTP/1.1 chunk + keep-alives / Very Fast
- 66. Starlet Simpler UNIX HTTP/1.0 Server Best used with Server::Starter and nginx/lighttpd
- 67. Twiggy Non-blocking web server (like Thin.rb) based on AnyEvent framework
- 68. Corona Coroutine for each connection based on Coro.pm
- 69. HTTP::Server::Simple::PSGI Zero-deps other than HTTP::Server::Simple Best for embedding PSGI applications
- 72. nginx embedded perl http://github.com/yappo/nginx-psgi-patchs
- 76. Catalyst CGI::App Jifty Tatsumaki Plack::Middleware PSGI Plack::Handler::* (CGI, FCGI, Apache) Apache lighttpd HTTP::Server::PSGI mod_psgi Perlbal Starman Twiggy uWSGI Corona evpsgi
- 77. Middleware
- 79. PSGI Middleware Wraps a PSGI application to add pre/post processing
- 80. my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; my $mw = sub { my $env = shift; # do something with $env my $res = $app->($env); # do something with $res; return $res; };
- 81. PSGI Middleware coderef -> coderef Higher-order functions
- 82. Middleware Debug, Session, Logger, Runtime, Static, Lint, AccessLog, ConditionalGET, ErrorDocument, StackTrace, Auth::Basic, Auth::Digest, ReverseProxy, Refresh, Auth::OAuth, Hippie, Throttle
- 83. Plack::Middleware reusable and extensible Middleware framework Plack::Builder DSL in .psgi
- 84. my $app = sub { return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; use Plack::Builder; builder { enable “Static”, root => “/htdocs”, path => qr!^/static/!; enable “Deflater”; # gzip/deflate $app; }
- 85. plackup compatible plackup -e ‘enable “Foo”;’ app.psgi
- 86. Middleware Write once, run in every framework
- 87. DEMO
- 88. Plack::App::URLMap Multiplex multiple apps Integrated with Builder DSL
- 89. use CatApp; use CGIApp; my $c1 = sub { CatApp->run }; my $c2 = sub { CGIApp->run_psgi }; use Plack::Builder; builder { mount “/cat” => $c1; mount “/cgi-app” => builder { enable “StackTrace”; $c2; }; }
- 90. CGI::PSGI Easy migration from CGI.pm
- 91. CGI::Emulate::PSGI CGI::Compile Easiest migration from CGI scripts (like Registry)
- 92. Plack::Request like libapreq (Apache::Request) wrapper APIs for middleware developers
- 93. Plack::Test Unified interface to write tests with Mock HTTP and Live HTTP
- 94. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 95. use Plack::Test; use HTTP::Request::Common; $Plack::Test::Impl = “Server”; my $app = sub { my $env = shift; return [ $status, $header, $body ]; }; test_psgi app => $app, client => sub { my $cb = shift; my $req = GET “http://localhost/foo”; my $res = $cb->($req); # test $res; };
- 97. Plack::App::Directory Static content file server
- 98. Plack::App::Proxy (non-blocking) proxy server Can be used as reverse proxy as well
- 99. Plack::App::CGIBin mount /cgi-bin as PSGI applications
- 100. Plack::App::FCGIDispatcher Connect to FCGI daemon (even in Ruby, Python, C)
- 101. Plack::App::JSP Runs JavaScript PSGI apps :)
- 104. You should join!
- 105. > cpanm Plack > cpanm Task::Plack
- 106. Haven’t used cpanm? Come to Nationwide (Cartoon 2) Wednesday 9:30
- 107. Cloud? (Heroku, GAE)
- 110. Runs on dankogai’s Sandbox
- 111. You can even try: system(“rm -fr /”); while (1) { }
- 112. Summary • PSGI is an interface, Plack is the code. • We have many (pretty fast) PSGI servers. • We have adapters and tools for most web frameworks. • Use it!
- 113. Remember: Plack is < 1y old
- 114. Lots of (exciting) things going on.
- 116. http://github.com/miyagawa/Plack http://plackperl.org/ irc://irc.perl.org/#plack
- 117. Questions?