64. Harrisのコーナー検出
• Harris行列を用いたコーナー検出
64
第一固有値 : α
第二固有値 : β
Edge
EdgeFlat
Corner
α
β
R 0 (α, βともに小さい) :フラット
R << 0 (α>>β または β>>α) :エッジ
R >> 0 (α, βともに大きい) :コーナー
H = g( )
I2
x(x) IxIy(x)
IxIy(x) I2
y (x)
⇥
:ガウス関数Ix(·) Iy(·) g(·):y軸方向の1次微分:x軸方向の1次微分
(1次微分の値をガウス関数で平滑化することにより2次微分の計算の代用となる)
R = det(H) ktr(H)2判別式 (k = 0.04 ∼ 0.06)
65. • 注目画素 p の周辺の円周上の16画素を観測
FAST: Features from Accelerated Segment Test [Rosten2010]
65
注目画素 p がコーナーである条件
p の輝度値と比較して円周上の輝度値が連続してn 個以上が
しきい値 t 以上 明るい,もしくは暗い (図中の破線)
88. • 予め積分画像を作成
• 任意領域の輝度値の総和を高速に算出可能
‒ 3回の足し算と1回の引き算
O
積分画像(Integral Image)
A
B
C
D
S
I(i, j)
(i, j)
S = -B-C+DA
88
積分画像
S(x, y) =
i x
i=0
j y
j=0
I(i, j)積分画像:
155. 1.SIFT関連の参考文献
‒ [Lowe2004] D. G. Lowe, Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints , Int.Journal of
Computer Vision,Vol.60, No.2, pp.91-110, 2004.
‒ [Lindeberg1998] T. Lindeberg, "Feature detection with automatic scale selection", Int.Journal of
Computer Vision, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 79-116, 1998.
‒ [高木2008] 高木雅成, 藤吉弘亘, SIFT特徴量を用いた交通道路標識認識 , 電気学会論文誌, Vol. 129-C, No. 5,
pp. 824-831, 2009.
‒ [Csurka2004] G. Csurka, C. Bray, C. Dance, L. Fan, Visual categorization with bags of keypoints ,
Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision,European Conference on Computer Vision, pp.
1‒22, 2004.
‒ [Brown2007] M. Brown, D. G. Lowe, Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching using Invariant Features ,
Int.Journal of Computer Vision,Vol. 74,
No.1, pp.59-73, 2007.
‒ [Mikolajczyk2005] K. Mikolajczyk, C. Schmid, GLOH A performance evaluation of local descriptors ,
IEEE tran. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, pp.1615-1630, 2005.
‒ [Tola2007] E. Tola, V. Lepetit, F. Pascal, A Fast Local Descriptor for Dense Matching , Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008.
155
156. 2.キーポイント検出器の参考文献
‒ [Bay2006] B. Herbert, T. Tinne, G. Luc, SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features. European Conference
on Computer Vision , pp.404‒417, 2006.
‒ [Grabner2006] M. Grabner, H. Grabner, and H. Bischof, Fast Approximated SIFT, Asian Conference
on Computer Vision, pp.918‒927, 2006.
‒ [Sinha2006] S. N. Sinha, J. Frahm, M. Pollefeys, and Y. Genc, GPU-based Video Feature Tracking And
Matching, Workshop on Edge Computing Using New Commodity Architectures, 2006.
‒ [Mikolajczyk2004] K. Mikolajczyk, C. Schmid, Scale & affine invariant interest point detectors.
Int.Journal of Computer Vision , pp.63‒86, 2004.
‒ [Matas2007] J. Matas, O. Chum, M. Urban, T. Pajdla, Robust Wide Baseline Stereo from Maximally
Stable Extremal Regions , British Machine Vision Conference. pp. 384‒393, 2002.
‒ [Rosten2010] E. Rosten, R. Porter, T. Drummond, Faster and Better: A Machine Learning Approach
To Corner Detection , IEEE tran. On Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, pp. 105-119, 2010.
‒ [長谷川2013] 長谷川昂宏, 山内悠嗣, 藤吉弘亘, 安倍満, 吉田悠一, Cascaded FASTによるキーポイント検出 ,
画像センシングシンポジウム, 2013.
156
157. 3.キーポイント記述子の参考文献
‒ [Mikolajczyk2005] K. Mikolajczyk and C. Schmid, A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors,
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol.27, no. 10, pp.31‒47, 2005.
‒ [Tola2008] E. Tola, V. Lepetit, F. Pascal, A Fast Local Descriptor for Dense Matching , Computer
Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2008.
‒ [Ke2004] Yan Ke, Rahul Sukthankar, PCA-SIFT: A more distinctive representation for local image
descriptors , Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp.506-503, 2004.
‒ [Bay2006] H. Bay, T. Tuytelaars, L. Van Gool, SURF: Speeded Up Robust. Features , European
Conference on Computer Vision , pp.404-417, 2006.
‒ [M.Calonder2010] M. Calonder, V. Lepetit, C. Strecha, P. Fua, BRIEF: Binary Robust Independent
Elementary Features , European Conference on Computer Vision, pp.778-792, 2010.
‒ [Leutenegger2011] S. Leutenegger, M. Chli, R. Y. Siegwart BRISK: Binary Robust Invariant Scalable
Keypoints , Int. Conference on Computer Vision, 2011.
‒ [Rublee2011] E.Rublee, V.Rabaud, K.Konolige, G.Bradski ORB: an efficient alternative to SIFT or
SURF , Int.Conference on Computer Vision, 2011.
‒ [Alahi2012] A. Alahi, R. Ortiz, P. Vandergheynst, FREAK: Fast Retina Keypoint , IEEE Conference on
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012.
‒ [Ambai2011] M. Ambai, Y. Yoshida, CARD: Compact And Real-time Descriptors , Int. Conference on
Computer Vision, 2011.
157
158. 3.キーポイント記述子の参考文献
‒ [Trzchinski2012] T. Tomasz, L. Vincent, Efficient Discriminative Projections for Compact Binary
Descriptors , European Conference on Computer Vision,
pp.228‒242, 2012.
‒ [Trzcinski2013] T. Tomasz, M. Christoudias, P. Fua, V. Lepetit, Boosting Binary Keypoint Descriptors ,
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2013.
158
159. その他の参考文献
• 評価・実装
‒ [Heinly2012] J. Heinly, E. Dunn, J, Frahm, Comparative Evaluation of Binary Features , European
Conference on Computer Vision, 2012.
• チュートリアル
- Andrea Vedaldi, Jiri Matas, Krystian Mikolajczyk, Tinne Tuytelaars, Cordelia Schmid, Andrew
Zisserman, modern features: advances, applications and software , European Conference on
Computer Vision, 2012.
• 解説記事
- [藤吉2011] 藤吉 弘亘, 安倍 満, 局所勾配特徴抽出 -SIFT以降のアプローチ- , 精密工学会誌, Vol.77, No.
12, pp.1109-1116, 2011.
• サーベイ
- [Tuytelaars2008] T. Tuytelaars, K. Mikolajczyk, Local invariant feature detectors: a survey ,
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision, Vol.3, No.3, 2008.
• Mendeley
- グループ名:ImageLocalFeature
159