MODULE 5 LESSON 2: “MILLENNIALS
AND FILLENNIALS”: ETHICAL
CHALLENGES AND RESPONSES
LEARNING OUTCOMES
During the learning engagement, you should be able to
• stipulate the different characteristics between the
four generations: traditionalists, baby boomers,
generation X, and millennials; and
• present a concrete moral scenario applying the
characteristics of fillennials.
INTRODUCTION
• We often hear a phrase from our parents and older
generations, “during our time,...” or in Filipino, “Sa
panahon naming,...” as a point of comparison from one
generation to the other. More specifically, Gallinero
(2018) asked, “How different are you, Filipino
millennials, from your parents?” is there a difference
between the moral values of the Filipino millennials as
compared to the older generations? He continued by
presenting a data on Filipino millennials:
• In a 2010 survey census, there are an estimated 25
million Filipino millennials or “Fillennials” (aged 15-29)
in the Philippines. In 2015, Filipino millennials (aged
15-34) make up 53% of the working population and
45% of them were employed. Those who were in the
25-29 years age bracket were the highest percentage
of Filipino workers abroad. Most Filipino youths today
own a mobile phone and use the Internet. The
Philippines was once dubbed as the social media
capital of the world. It was found most Filipino youth
have social media account and the Filipino millennials
aged 20-29 are the most common users of Facebook.
PROCESSING
The Filipino Millennials (“Fillennials”)
• Currently, there are four generations working in the same workplace:
• Traditionalists – Those born from 1900 – 1945. This is the generation that
lived through two World Wars. Their formative years were that of survival.
• Baby Boomers – Those born from 1946 -1964. They are called “Baby
Boomers” because of the significant increase of population in their
generation.
• Generation X – Those born from 1965 – 1980. This is the generation born
in the era of video games and computers.
• Millennials – Those born from 1981 – 2000. They are also called the
“digital natives”. They grow up in the digital age, rather than acquiring
familiarity as an adult. This is the generation of the internet era.
• Generation Z is the fifth classification. These are
those born in 2001 to present. They are also called the
iGeneration. They are the generation born in an era of
individualized mobile technologies like smartphone,
tablets, iPad, iPhone, etc.
• By 2025, millennials are estimated to account 75% of
the global workforce. This means that the attitudes
and traits of these self-involved, selfie-taking
individuals are what will be shaping various industries,
both workers and consumers. So much extensive
research is being done to get a better picture of this
generation.
QUALITIES OF FILLENNIALS
• A 2016 study dubbed “The Truth About The
Youth Philippines” was conducted by
McCann Truth Central by McCann
Worldgroup, a leading global marketing
services company. This was part of a larger
study consisting of findings from 33,000
interviews across 18 countries including the
US, Germany, Japan, and the Philippines.
• It turned out that there are things the Filipino millennials
care more than their millennial counterparts in other
countries. Here are some of the interesting statistics:
• 83% of Filipino youths rely on their parents for advice.
• In adulthood, Fillennials value close family relationships.
• However, they also believe that the age limit for someone to
continue living with their parents is 30 years old. The global
average was surveyed at 32 years old.
• Filipino millennials are more active in social media and easily
influenced by peers.
• 61% feel pressured to portray themselves in the best way possible
in social media.
• 96% feel it is important to make a positive contribution to the
community.
•Three enduring human truths
about being young that are
as true today as they ever
were in the previous
generations:
1. The notion of needing to “find
yourself”
•Being young is still ridden with angst.
They are at the stage wherein
identity is being formed. Millennials
go through the same agony of “trying
to figure things out” specifically “to
figure what kind of person I am.”
2. Friends are everything
•Finding your group (barkada,
ka-berks, dabarkads, beshie)
to hang out with is key to
establishing the sense of
“self” and happiness.
3. “Finding your place in the
world”
•This pursuit remains relevant across
eras. The millennials still strive to
figure out their values, passions and
ideals, as well as establishing their
sense of personal justice of what is
right and wrong.
SYNTHESIS
• William Strauss and Neil Howe are credited
for coining the term “millennials”. But who
are the Filipino Millennials? This lesson
presented the qualities of the “Fillennials”
that make them different from their global
contemporaries.
MODULE 5 LESSON 3: ON
MAKING AN ETHICAL DECISION
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• During the learning engagement, you should be
able to
• determine the seven step of moral reasoning;
• explain the process of the ethical decision making
process; and
• Cite scenario and apply the seven step moral
reasoning model.
INTRODUCTION
• In real-life scenarios, students must know how to deal with moral
dilemmas, wherein everyone faces a moral predicament in life. It
is said that it requires practice before you master a thing. In
Ethics, there is a need to master some moral dilemmas so that we
can surmount or transcend them when we face them in real life.
Young students nowadays are prone to suicide or whatever sort of
immoral activities, so it is better that they will be equipped with
ethical theories. They must also understand that moral dilemmas
are part of life and not something we have to avoid or deny. In
fact, we need to befriend and face them squarely as part of our
maturity in life.
PROCESING
(Adapted from Fernandez et. al. 2018, 188-190)
• On Making an Ethical Decision
• How do we really go about, exactly, into the very
act of making an ethical decision—on a particular
case, situation, or issue?
• The whole process of ethical decision making
is something that we truly have to seriously
consider because, no matter adept we may
have become on the intricacies of moral
theorizing, there still is a need to really “take
the plunge”, so to speak, to the real and
actual act of making a concrete decision—on
every particular life situation that will surely
come our way as moral agents.
ETHICAL DECISION MAKING PROCESS (THE 7-
STEP MORAL REASONING MODEL)
1. Recognize an ethical issue
• One of the most important things to do at the beginning of ethical
deliberation is to locate, to the highest extent possible, the specific
ethical aspects of the issue at hand. Sometimes what appears to be an
ethical dispute is really a dispute about facts or concepts. For
example, some Utilitarians might argue that the death penalty is
ethical because it deters crime and thus produces the greatest amount
of good with the least harm. Other Utilitarians, however, might argue
that the death penalty does not deter crime and thus produces more
harm than good. The argument here is over which facts argue for the
morality of a particular action and not simply over the morality of
particular principles. All utilitarians would abide by the principle of
producing the most good with the least harm.
2. Consider the Parties Involved
• Another Important aspect to reflect upon
are the various individuals and groups or
stakeholders who may be affected by
your decision. Consider who might be
harmed or who might benefit.
3. Gather all of the Relevant
Information
•Before taking action, it is a good
idea to make sure that you have
gathered all of the pertinent
information and that all potential
sources of information have been
consulted.
4. Formulate Action and Consider Alternatives
• Evaluate your decision-making options by asking the
following questions:
4.1. Which action will produce the most good and do the
least harm? (The Utilitarian Approach)
4.2. Which action respects the rights of all who have a
stake in the decision? (The Rights Approach)
4.3. Which action treats people equally or proportionally?
(The Justice Approach)
4.4. Which action serves the community as a whole and
not the just some members? (The Common Good
Approach)
4.5. Which action leads me to act the sort of person I
should be? (The Virtue Approach)
5. Make a Decision and Consider It
• After examining all of the potential
actions, which action best addresses the
situation? Ask yourself: how do I feel
about my choice?
6. Act
• Many ethical situations are uncomfortable
because we can never have all of the
information. Even so, we must often take
action.
7. Reflect on the outcome
• As you reflect on the outcome, ask
yourself: What were the results of my
decision? What were the intended and
unintended consequences? Would I
change anything now that I have seen
the consequences?
SYNTHESIS
• This final lesson let you master the
art of moral decision-making by
applying the Seven-Step Moral
Reasoning Model.
ASSIGNMENT
• Individual Output – Moral
Reasoning Model
