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RAGETHGNI
Data
Gathering
Tools and
Instrumentati
Learning Objectives
At the end of the discussion, the
students are expected to:
a. describe different types of data
gathering tools and instruments;
b. interpret data collected using
different tools and instrumentation;
and
c. find the importance of data
gathering tools and instrumentation in
One thing that you should also remember on
the topic of measurement is the quality of the
tool that you use for gathering your data. Is it
enough that you have a tool to gather your data.
You also must consider the quality of your tool. Is
it a good tool? Will the tool give you valid data?
For research purposes, there are data-gathering
tools for diff erent kinds of data that we want to
gather for our research.
Classifications of Data-
gathering Tools and
Instruments
• Standardized tests
• Observation schedule
• Interview schedule
• Pencil-and-paper data-gathering tools
STANDARDIZ
ED TESTS
These are tests that can measure different
characteristics, like personality, vocational interest,
mental ability, reading proficiency, and a lot more. They
have been rigorously developed by experts.
EXAMPLES OF STANDARDIZED TESTS:
a. The National Achievement Test (NAT)
[Link] in International Mathematics and Science Study
(TIMMS)
[Link] and Technology Undergraduate Scholarship
Examination
OBSERVATIO
N SCHEDULE
This is used for observing behaviors or
characteristics of individuals by the researcher.
Although observation schedules are also often in
qualitative research, the data taken from these tools
can be quantified. The use of observation tools is most
appropriate for babies, toddlers, or very young
children. This is because they are not able to read,
EXAMPLE
write, OF OBSERVATION
or answer questions. SCHEDULE:
Date of Observation: May 1, 2020
Time of Observation: 11:00 am-12:00 noon
Venue: The classroom
Behaviors to be Observed (Eating
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
practices of a five-year-old boy)

[Link] both spoon and fork when eating.

2. Wipes lips with napkin.

3. Picks up food particles on the table before

leaving.

4. Puts the utensils in the sink after eating.

INTERVIEW
SCHEDULE
This tool requires a face-to-face oral exchange or interaction between
researcher or interviewer and the one being interviewed. Here, the
researcher asks the respondents questions that have been prepared earlier.
The researcher brings with him a set of guide questions (called interview
schedule) and asks the same questions to each of the respondents.
Interview schedule is usually used in gathering data where there is a need
for the researcher to probe further for additional responses, if needed.

EXAPMLES OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:

a. In what ways do you show love for your community?
b. Which method of harvesting rice do you prefer to use? Manual
harvesting? Or use of mechanical reaper? Can you cite the reasons for your
choice?
PENCIL-AND-PAPER
DATA-GATHERING
TOOLS
These are called pencil-and-paper data-gathering tools because they
are written in form, and the responses of the respondents have to be
written also.
EXAMPLES OF PENCIL-AND-PAPER DATA-GATHERING TOOLS:
1. Questionnaire- this is a tool consisting of a series of written
questions, where the respondent responds also in writing. Usually,
questionnaires are given to respondents who can read, write, and
understand the language in which the tool is written.
1.1. Close-ended questions- this type of question limits the
respondent’s responses to the choices or options provided.
example: During school days, what time do you get up from
bed?
___5:00am ___5:30am ___6:00am ___6:30am
1.2. Open-ended questions- this type of
questions gives the respondents much freedom to respond in
a way they like or prefer.
example: How did you spend your Christmas
holidays? Describe what you did.

2. Rating scale- it measures the extent or degree to which a

behavior or characteristics is perceived or rated to exist in
various degrees along a continuum or scale. Scales also
measures the extent or degree or frequency by which habits,
practices, and works occur or are practiced. Responses to the
rating scale cannot be judged as “right” or “wrong”.
examples of rating
scale: STRONGLY STRONGLY
ITEM AGREE
AGREE DISAGREE
DISAGREE

1.I enjoy going to school. /

2. I feel relaxed while attending school. /

3. Our teachers are helpful. /

ITEM ALWAYS OFTEN SOMETIMES NOT AT ALL

1.I study my lessons. /

2. I finish my assignments on time. /

3. I change clothes before going to school. /

4.I greet my teachers in school. /

3. Checklist- it is a list of items, which could be practices, characteristics,
things or, or behaviors, on which the respondent indicates his response, as
for example, by checking the item on the list applies to his present
situation. Just like questionnaire and the rating scale, responses to
checklist should not be judged as “right” or “wrong”.
example of checklist:
Put a check in the blank before the number of the health habit
that you practice.
___1. I visit the dentist once a year.
___2. I change into sleeping clothes when I go to bed.
___3. I eat green leafy vegetables at least three times a week.
___4. I make sure I wash my hands before eating my meals.
___5. I see to it that I have at least eight hours of sleep each day.
Types of Data-Gathering Tools or Tests according to Purpose
These are tests, usually of the pencil-and-paper type, that measure the
presence or absence of characteristics.

[Link] Test- It measures what one has learned over a

specific time. It can be a period of one month, one term, or one school
year.
example:
The carabao (is, are) grazing on the field.
(a test item measuring knowledge of the correct use of singular or
plural verb)

[Link] Test- It measures what one is able to do and identifies

what area or field one is most likely to be successful in the future.
example:
When the sun is setting in the west, your shadow is toward the:
[Link] Mental Ability Test- It measures general intelligence or general
mental ability. Mental ability tests are developed by experts. Skills and
abilities that indicate levels of intelligence and mental ability tests, like
abstract reasoning, spatial reasoning, speed memory, language
competence, mathematical ability, scientific ability, and many more.
example:
Ewe is to lamb as kitten is to ___.
Friend: enemy; ___: white

4. Personality Test- It measures characteristics like attitude, vocational

interest, emotional well-being, stress levels, emotional adjustment, and
many more.
examples:
Complete the following incomplete sentences.
1. I like it very much to _______________________.
2. My mother is _______________________________.
3. Check your preference.
___ I like to play the piano more than cooking.
GENERAL STEPS IN DEVELOPING ONE’S
DATA-GATHERING TOOL/S
[Link] your research questions.
[Link] the type of data-gathering tool
you are going to develop.
[Link] down what specific variables and data to
gather or characteristics to measure.
[Link] deciding what questions to ask, you
can start writing the items.
[Link] the items.
[Link] evidence on the validity of your tool.
QUESTIONS
AND
CLARIFICATIONS
[Link] are the four classifications of data-gathering
tools and instruments?
2. What are the three examples of pencil-and-paper
data-gathering tools?
3. Differentiate close-ended questions from open-
ended questions.
4. What is the importance of data-gathering tools and
instruments in research?
Which type of data-
gathering tool do you think
is most effective, and why?
ACTIVIT
Y 1:will
The class be divided into four
groups and provide them papers to write
their answers. The questions will be
shown in the screen and after 10
seconds the students will raise their
papers, only the group/s that are able to
raise their papers on time can earn
points.
[Link] is a type of data-gathering tools
wherein it measures what one has
learned over a specific time.
A. Achievement test
B. Aptitude test
C. General mental ability test
D. Personality test
2. This is a tool consisting of a
series of written questions, where
the respondent responds also in
writing.
A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
D. Interview schedule
3. It measures the extent or degree
to which a behavior or
characteristics is perceived or
rated to exist in various degrees
along a continuum or scale.

A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
4. It is a list of items, which could
be practices, characteristics,
things, or behaviors, on which the
respondent indicates his response.

A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
D. Interview schedule
5. What type of data-gathering tool
does the item identifies?
Hen is to check as ____ is to
duckling.

A. Achievement test
B. Aptitude test
C. General mental ability test
D. Personality test
6. What type of data-gathering tool does
the item identifies?
We are a happy family.
__Strongly Agree __Agree __Disagree
__Strongly Disagree

A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
D. Interview schedule
7. What type of data-gathering tool
does the item identifies?
Complete each of the following incomplete
sentences.
[Link] teacher is________.
[Link] to school________.

A. Achievement test
B. Aptitude test
C. General mental ability test
8. What type of data-gathering tool
does the item identifies?
A researcher talks to a farmer and asks:”
You have harvested 200 cavans of palay
to a hectare. What made you achieve
this?”
A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
9. What type of data-gathering tool
does the item identifies?
The dog (is, are) running in the
yard.

A. Achievement test
B. Aptitude test
C. General mental ability test
D. Personality test
10. What type of data-gathering
tool does the item identifies?
__I will do volunteer work.
__I will look for a job.

A. Checklist
B. Questionnaire
C. Rating scale
D. Interview schedule
ACTIVITY
2:
ENUMERATION:
[Link] the four classifications of
data-gathering tools and instruments.
2. What are the four types tests that
are usually used in the pencil-and-
paper that measure the presence or
absence of characteristics?
ASSESSME
I. NT:
Direction: Arrange the steps in developing one’s data
gathering tool/s from 1-6.
_____ Gather evidence on the validity of your tool.
_____After deciding hat questions to ask, you can start writing
the items.
_____Determine the type of data-gathering tool you are going to
develop.
_____Improve the items.
_____Examine your research questions.
_____List down specific variables and data to gather or
characteristics to measure.
I. Direction: Write “T” if the statement is true, otherwise, write “F” if the
statement is false.

_____1. Standardized test are tests that can measure different characteristics,
like personality, vocational interest, mental ability, reading proficiency, and a
lot more.
_____2. Observation schedule requires a face-to-face oral exchange or
interaction between researcher or interviewer and the one being interviewed.
_____3. Rating scale measures the extent or degree to which a behavior or
characteristics is perceived or rated to exist in various degrees along a
continuum or scale.
_____4. Aptitude test measures what one has learned over a specific time.
_____5. Reliability means consistency of the tool in measuring what it
measures.
“Research is
creating new
knowledge.”
-Niel
Armstrong-
THANK
YOU!