1- The quantity of charge q (in coulombs) that has passed through a surface of
area 2.00 cm2 varies with time according to the equation q = 4t3 + 5t + 6,
where t is in seconds.
(a) What is the instantaneous current through the surface at t = 1.00 s?
(b) What is the value of the current density?
2- An electric current in a conductor varies with time according to the
expression , where I is in amperes and t is in seconds. What is the total charge
passing a given point in the conductor from t = 0 to s?
3- The following figure represents a section of a conductor of nonuniform
diameter carrying a current of I = 5.00 A. The radius of cross-section A1 is r1 =
0.400 cm. The radius r2 at A2 is larger than the radius r1 at A1. (a) What is the
magnitude of the current density across A1?
(b) Is the current at A2 larger, smaller, or the same? (c) Is the current density
at A2 larger, smaller, or the same? Assume A2 = 4A1. (d) Specify the radius,
the current, and the current density at A2.
4- A wire 50.0 m long and 2.00 mm in diameter is connected to a source with a
potential difference of 9.11 V, and the current is found to be 36.0 A. Assume a
temperature of 20.0°C, identify the metal out of which the wire is made.
5- Aluminum and copper wires of equal length are found to have the same
resistance. What is the ratio of their radii? (Al =2.82 ×10-8 .m and Cu =1.70
×10-8 .m)
6- A current density of 6.00 × 10‑13 A/m2 exists in the atmosphere at a location
where the electric field is 100 V/m. Calculate the electrical conductivity of the
Earth’s atmosphere in this region.
7- An aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.100 mm has a uniform electric field
of 0.200 V/m imposed along its entire length. The temperature of the wire is
50.0°C. The number of electrons per unit volume is 6.02 ×1028 per cubic
meter. (a) What is the resistivity of aluminum at this temperature? (b) What
is the current density in the wire? (c) What is the total current in the wire? (d)
What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons? (e) What potential
difference must exist between the ends of a 2.00-m length of the wire to
produce the stated electric field? (Al =2.82 ×10-8 .m at T = 20 C and Al =3.9
×10-3 C-1).
7- An aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.100 mm has a uniform electric field
of 0.200 V/m imposed along its entire length. The temperature of the wire is
50.0°C. The number of electrons per unit volume is 6.02 ×1028 per cubic
meter. (a) What is the resistivity of aluminum at this temperature? (b) What
is the current density in the wire? (c) What is the total current in the wire? (d)
What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons? (e) What potential
difference must exist between the ends of a 2.00-m length of the wire to
produce the stated electric field? (Al =2.82 ×10-8 .m at T = 20 C and Al =3.9
×10-3 C-1).
8- A certain toaster is rated at 1.00 kW when connected to a 120 V source. (a)
What current does the toaster carry? (b) What is its resistance? (c) What
current will it carry if connected to 240 V source?
9- The cost of energy delivered to residences by electrical transmission varies
from $0.070/kWh to $0.258/kWh throughout the United States; $0.110/kWh is
the average value. At this average price, calculate the cost of (a) leaving a
40.0 W porch light on for two weeks while you are on vacation, (b) making a
piece of dark toast in 3.00 min with a 970-W toaster, and (c) drying a load of
clothes in 40.0 min in a 5.20 × 103 W dryer.
10- A 200-km-long high-voltage transmission line 2.00 cm in diameter carries
a steady current of 1 000 A. If the conductor is copper with a free charge
density of 8.50 × 1028 electrons per cubic meter, how many years does it take
one electron to travel the full length of the cable?
11- A straight, cylindrical wire made of ohmic material with a resistivity of =
4.00 × 10-8 .m has a length of 0.500 m and a diameter of 0.200 mm. There is
a potential of 4.00 V between the ends of the wire. Find (a) the magnitude
and direction of the electric field in the wire, (b) the resistance of the wire, (c)
the magnitude and direction of the electric current in the wire, and (d) the
current density in the wire. (e) Show that E = J.
12- An oceanographer is studying how the ion concentration in seawater
depends on depth. She makes a measurement by lowering into the water a
pair of concentric metallic cylinders (as shown below) at the end of a cable
and taking data to determine the resistance between these electrodes as a
function of depth. The water between the two cylinders forms a cylindrical
shell of inner radius , outer radius , and length L much larger than . The
scientist applies a potential difference between the inner and outer
surfaces, producing an outward radial current I. Let represent the resistivity
of the water. (a) Find the resistance of the water between the cylinders in
terms of L,, , and . (b) Express the resistivity of the water in terms of the
measured quantities L, , , , and I.
13- A spherical shell with inner radius and outer radius is formed from a
material of resistivity . It carries current radially, with uniform density in all
directions. Show that its resistance is
