REVIEW OF LITERATURE
N. Dubani PE et al (2001)15 conducted the study to assess the sexual behavior,HIV/AIDS
among men in India. The aim of the study was explore views about Sexual practices and attitude
towards HIV. 126 young men aged below 16 and 26 year were selected by purposive sampling
technique. The data was collected by interviews and focus group discussion the result suggested
59% young men reported having had premarital or sexual pattern 22% reported having suffered
from the past 79% said that Likely to inform partner is they had HIV.
DandMobey et al (2005)16 conducted the study to assess the level of knowledge regarding
HIV/AIDS in USA and using knowledge test score. The result suggested that 393 survey collected
from adolescents aged 12 to 20 years. Self reported having being educational about HIV/AIDS
major success were school (52%) parents (30%) and friends (18%).
Bharat et al (2010)18 conducted a study among community area to assess the level of
knowledge, belief, attitude, practices. Survey in Zamiba with 125 community member from
different villages. The sample are collected by using the in depth interview or focus group
discussion. The result shows 45% men and 55% women are having knowledge of HIV/AIDS.
Thakur HG et al (2010)18 conducted a study to assess the knowledge about HIV among Sex
worker in urban area of Gujarat, India. In the study questionnaire technique was used. The
schedule was administered 125.sws 2/3rd of them were below the age of 20 years 94.4%
reported using all the time during sexual intercourse.
Fajans P et al (2004)19 conducted a study carried on to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge
and behaviour among clients of female sex workers in Bali, Indonesia through the interview
. technique 401 case are detected in 16-65 years old client of low price sex workers in Bali were
conduct to examine knowledge and belief and practice related to HIV/AIDS. The result found
most client (33%) believed that medication about prevention of HIV infection (15%) had
neared of aids. But few had (25%)had accurate knowledge about transmission.
Goyal RC et al (2007)20 conducted a study to estimate HIV infection. In 2007 the Chinese
ministry of the health reported in its biennial HIV/AIDS epidemic update that the estimate
number of HIV infected cases had reached 700000 and historically in drugs use and
commercial/blood/plasma/collection were the primary source of HIV infection in China , But in
recent year, infection through sexual transmission growing fastest HIV/AIDS cases have
increased from 7.2% in 2002 to 43.06% in total infection by the end of 2005.
Anahita Tavoosi et al (2004)21 conducted a study to assess the knowledge regarding
HIV/AIDS among all people . The study was conducted in Taiwan the first case of human
immunodeficiency 6635 HIV virus a was in 1984. LDC. Taiwan (2004) report on HIV/AIDS from
1984 to 2004 showed total number of 6635 HIV positive were identified and 1832 had
developed full. AIDS along the 6635 HIV positive, 6152 are native and 483 are foreigners among
the 62152 HIV positive native 22378(36.4%) are heterosexual ,2161(35%) are homosexual
661(10.7%) are bisexual, IDU 30(50%) blood transmission. 13(0.25) unknown risk factor 705
(11.5%0 and 53(0.9%) are homophilla‘ s most them are male (5739 cases , 93.3%) and female
with 43 cases represents 6.75 students have 378 case (6.1%) age between 20 and pandemic in
Taiwan 4318 cases (71.4%) (CDC Taiwan 2004).
Detel R. (2013)22 conducted a study to assess the knowledge and attitude towards the
HIV/AIDS among the people. Through cluster sampling 4641 people from a five villages in
Tehran were assessed by anymous questionnaire technique. The result of study was shown,
(38.5%) people have knowledge about HIV/AIDS transmission and education regarding the
implementation of HIV control programme .
VijyaUdumala (2009)23 conducted a study the degree of knowledge among adolescents
have on HIV prevention, sign and symptoms and to contribute. The research conduct on 1078
adolescents (40%) females , (60%) males was carried choice questionnaire as applied. The
result of the study was 92% of girls and 78% of boys refered to use of condoms .
Gupta RB et al (2008)24 conducted a study to assess the knowledge and prevention of
HIV/AIDS among adolescents girls of year in uduppi district Karnatak to determine the
effectiveness regarding HIV/AIDS. Sample size 791 girls. Chi square test used for analysis result
of study showed significant improvement in knowledge after intervention from 14.4% to
68%<0.01 was observed regarding contraception.
Bhutt 2A Darmstadt GI et al (2005)25 c0nducted to assess the knowledge and
attitude among health care workers on HIV/AIDS. A 15 items questionnaire was
administered top 70 health care workers including nurses and paramedical staff
from different departments. Result showed that 74% of health care workers
respectively were aware about HIV/AIDS and mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS.
Lyser S.R et al (2008)27 conducted a study to estimate the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and
determine risk for HIV/AIDS among rural women in Sichuan chine. A cross sectional community
based cluster sample of 2000 rural married women was interviewed and examined the result
showed that the rates of HIV infection were high 17 had accurate knowledge about HIV
transmission but 25% believed that medications would prevent HIV infection.
Davindra Mohan Thappa (2007)27 conducted a study to assess the HIV/AIDS knowledge and
behaviour among clients of female sex workers in Bali, Indonesia. Interview with 401, 16-65 year
old clients of low price sex workers in B ali was conducted to examine knowledge, belief and
practices related to HIV/AIDS. Result showed that 75% had accurate knowledge about HIV
transmission but 25% believed that medication would prevent HIV infection.
Farid-UI Hasnain S, et al (2009)28 conducted a cross sectional study conducted on
knowledge and awareness of HIV/AIDS among Pakistani young adults, male and female. A multi
stage cluster sampling design was used to collect the data from 652 male and female adult aged
17-21 years living in Karachi using a structural questionnaire. A bivariate and multivariable
analysis was used. The study reveals that 2% female 9n=3900 reported not heard about
HIV/AIDS, among the males , those with good knowledge were younger (AOR=2.20, 95%) less
knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS.
Singh S. Gambir S, Kumar R. (2004)27 conducted a study to assess the knowledge and
attitude toward HIV/AIDS amond adolescents, Chandigarh. The sample of 100 adolescents
employed children of Chandigarh and study design was prospective with pretested
questionnaire and used two stated random sampling procedure and information was collected
through personnel interview technique. The study revealed that mean knowledge and attitude
score 58% while 85 respondents were ignorant of the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission through
unprotected sexual intercourse and 34% misconception regarding HIV/AIDS transmission
through casual contact.
Sarkar M, Milkowski A, et al (2005)30 conducted a study to assess young people
knowledge, attitude behaviour on HIV/AIDS among community people in NEPAL a total sample
1075 young adult responded age between 15-24 year in these study. Finding indicate the overall
knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS is high although the level seems to different according to age,
gender, education and type of family shows that knowledge about condom was also average
but practice of correct and consistent use in pre-martial or extra martial relations with non-
regular partner seems to be poor.
National AIDS Survey (2003)31 conducted a study to assess the knowledge, belief’s,
attitude regarding HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. This study used a sample of 426 rural people 455 of the
study participants got a total knowledge score 50% and above on general knowledge on
HIV/AIDS related questions. Result showed a (15%) poor level of knowledge. From the 40-49
years age group and 30-39 year age group had (85%) good level of knowledge regarding mode
of transmission of HIV/AIDS.
Lass, VasanRs et al (2000)2 conducted a cross section survey study regarding knowledge
and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among college students in Thiruvananthapuram district Kerala.
625 undergraduate college students were randomly selected (164 boys , 461 girls of age 8-22
year). An administered a structure questionnaire on knowledge and attitude. Multivariable
liner-regression was used to analysed data. The study revealed that all the students had
heard about HIV/AIDS and only 45% knew that HIV/AIDS not curable at present 10% were
aware of the symptoms of HIV/AIDS and 45% knew that are association with an increased risk
of AIDS.
Setp. Me Nair LD. (2004)23 conducted a study to assess the knowledge, attitude regarding
HIV/AIDS among young adult in community are in Thailand samples were chosen by non
probability purposive sampling technique. Dates were collected through a observational
method by trained nursing personnel. In which the categorized as good, average and poor
based on score obtained. Through cluster sampling 526 young adults are participants. The
study revealed that the level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and mode of transmission is
good 57.8% and average in 32% and overall mean score are poor in 10.2% level of knowledge
regarding HIV/AIDS.
Shankarnarayan S, et al (2006)34 conducted a study to evaluate the pre and
post test in a school pretest based HIV/AIDS educational programme Mumbai, India.
The pretest was administered to 2919 students regarding mode of transmission and
prevention of HIV/AIDS. In the pre-test only 50% students knew that HIV/AIDS is
transmitted sexually. One month later the post test was administered to 2400
students, before the education intervention, only 92% knew that there are no
medicine to cure.
