SCIENCE D

Introduction to A
Y
the Human 1
5
Digestive
System
QUARTER 2 WEEK
1
Ask:

Can you name some

of the body systems
you already know?

Look at the pictures

and identify what
body system it is. Circulatory
System
Respiratory system
Digestive
System
Ask:
Have you ever wondered what happens
to the food after you swallow it?

Today, we will explore one of the most

important systems in our body—the
digestive system. Let’s discover how it
helps us turn food into energy and
nutrients our body needs to grow and
stay strong!
Let’s watch the short
video on the screen:

https://
[Link]/
watch?v=8-FYlMKa334
Ask:

What did you notice about

where the food went?

Why did the food change in the

stomach?
The digestive
system is a group of
organs inside our body
that work together to
break down the food
we eat. This process
turns food into
nutrients and energy
that the body needs to
grow, move, and stay
healthy.
🌟 Key Point:
Without the digestive system,
our bodies wouldn’t be able
to get the energy we need to
play, study, and sleep. It also
helps us get nutrients that
build strong muscles, bones,
and a healthy brain.
Overview of the Digestion
Process

1. Mouth

What Happens Here:

Food is chewed by the teeth and
mixed with saliva to begin
breaking it down.
Why It’s Important:
Chewing makes the food smaller
and easier to swallow. Saliva
starts the digestion of starch.

Real-Life Comparison:
The mouth is like a chopper or
food cutter that prepares food
for processing.
2. Esophagus

What Happens Here:

The chewed food travels
through a long tube called
the esophagus to reach
the stomach.
Why It’s Important:
Muscles push the food down
using a movement called
peristalsis.

Real-Life Comparison:
It’s like a waterslide guiding food
to the stomach.
3. Stomach

What Happens Here:

Food is churned and mixed
with strong stomach juices,
turning it into a liquid
mixture called chyme.
Why It’s Important:
Breaks down proteins and
prepares food for absorption.

Real-Life Comparison:
The stomach is like a blender
or washing machine—it spins
and mixes food.
4. Small Intestine

What Happens Here:

The digested food enters the
small intestine, where
nutrients are absorbed into
the bloodstream.
Why It’s Important:
This is where the body takes the
vitamins, minerals, and energy it
needs.

Real-Life Comparison:
The small intestine is like a
sponge or filter, soaking up the
good stuff.
5. Large Intestine

What Happens Here:

The leftover food (waste)
moves into the large
intestine. Water and some
minerals are absorbed.
Why It’s Important:
It helps the body stay hydrated
and forms solid waste (poop).

Real-Life Comparison:
It works like a dryer, removing
water from clothes—in this case,
from food waste.
6. Rectum

What Happens Here:

The solid waste is
stored in the rectum
temporarily .
Why It’s Important:
Holds the waste until the
body is ready to remove it.

Real-Life Comparison:
The rectum is like a storage
room for garbage before it’s
taken out.
7. Anus

What Happens Here:

The anus is the opening
where waste (poop) leaves
the body .
Why It’s Important:
It controls the release of
waste during a bowel
movement.

Real-Life Comparison:
It’s like a door or exit gate
where waste leaves the
Accessory Organs That
Help Digestion:
These organs are not part
of the food pathway, but
they help by making and
sending digestive juices.
1. Liver

What It Does:
Produces bile, a greenish liquid
that breaks down fats.

Comparison: Like a soap factory

that makes cleaner to break down
greasy food.
2. Gallbladder

What It Does:
Stores bile made by the liver and
releases it into the small intestine
when needed.

Comparison: Like a bottle that holds

dish soap until it’s needed.
3. Pancreas

What It Does:
Makes pancreatic juice filled with
enzymes that help break down
food.

Comparison: Like a chemical lab

that sends special helpers to finish
breaking down the food.
ASSIGNMENT:
Instructions:
Complete the
flow chart
indicating the
path of food
through the
digestive tract.
What happens when we
eat too fast or too much
junk food?

How can we help our

digestive system work
well?
What is the digestive system?

Why is digestion important to

humans?

Generalization:
The digestive system breaks down
the food we eat so that our body can
use the nutrients for energy and
growth.
_______2. What happens
to food in the stomach?
A. It is stored forever
B. It is chewed again
C. It is mixed and broken
down
D. It disappears
_______3. Where does the
food go after the mouth?
A. Small intestine
B. Large intestine
C. Esophagus
D. Brain
_______4. Why do we
need to digest food?
A. To taste it better
B. To throw it away
C. To absorb nutrients
and energy
D. To make it disappear
_______5. What can help
your digestive system stay
healthy?
A. Skipping meals
B. Eating too fast
C. Drinking water and eating
healthy food
D. Eating only sweets
Answer Key:

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. C
SCIENCE D
A
Identifying the
Parts of the Y
2
Digestive System
5
QUARTER 2 WEEK
1
Ask:

What is the function of the

digestive system?

Can you recall what

happens to food in the
stomach?
Yesterday, we learned what
digestion means and why
it's important. Today, we’ll
zoom in and explore the
parts of the digestive
system so we know exactly
where digestion happens
and how it works!
Look at the diagram below:
Parts of the Digestive System
1. Mouth
Location: Found at the
opening of the head
Function: Where food
enters; teeth chew food
and saliva starts

breaking it down
2. Gullet (Esophagus )

Location: A long tube

behind the windpipe,
connecting the mouth to
the stomach
Function: Pushes
swallowed food down to
the stomach through
muscular movements
called Peristalsis.
3.
Stomach
Location: A pouch-like
organ on the left side
of the body below the
chest
Function: Mixes food
with digestive juices
and breaks it down
into a soft mixture
4. Small Location: A long,
Intestine coiled tube in the
lower part of the
abdomen
Function:
Absorbs nutrients
from the digested
food into the
blood
5. Large Intestine
Location: A wider
tube that frames
around the small
intestine
Function: Absorbs
water from
undigested food and
forms solid waste
(stool)
6. Rectum
Location: The last
part of the large
intestine
Function: Stores
the solid waste
(stool) before it
leaves the body
7. Anus Location: At the
end of the digestive
tract
Function: The
opening through
which stool is passed

out of the body

Accessory Organs of the Digestive System
(They help digestion but food doesn’t pass
through them)
Location: Upper
1. Liver
right side of the
abdomen

Function:
Produces bile,
which helps break
down fats
2. Gallbladder Location:
Under the liver
Function:
Stores bile from
the liver and
releases it into
the small
intestine
Location: Behind
3. Pancreas the stomach

Function:
Produces enzymes
that help break
down food in the

small intestine.
Activity 1: Label Me!
Instructions: Label the different parts of the digestive system.

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Large Intestine Small Intestine
How does knowing your
digestive system help you
make healthier food choices?

Real-life Connection:
▪ Emphasize chewing food
properly
▪ Drinking water for smooth digestion
▪ Choosing fruits and vegetables for
better bowel movement
What would happen if one of these
parts didn’t work well?

Can you name the parts in order from

mouth to large intestine?

Generalization:
Each part of the digestive system has a
special role, and all must work together
for proper digestion.
Instructions: Choose the correct
answer. Write only the letter.

________1. What is the first part of

the digestive system?
A. Small Intestine
B. Stomach
C. Mouth
D. Large Intestine
________2. What connects
the mouth to the stomach?
A. Gullet
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine
D. Liver
________3. Where are most
nutrients absorbed?
A. Stomach
B. Mouth
C. Large Intestine
D. Small Intestine
________4. What part stores
undigested food and
absorbs water?
A. Mouth
B. Esophagus
C. Large Intestine
D. Small Intestine
________5. Which of the
following is NOT part of the
major digestive system parts
discussed today?
A. Mouth
B. Gullet
C. Heart
D. Stomach
Answer Key:
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. C
SCIENCE D
A
Functions of
Y
Each 3
5
Digestive
Organ
QUARTER 2 WEEK
1
Activity
1:
Complet
e the
Parts
Yesterday, we learned the names
and locations of each part of the
digestive system. Today, we’ll
discover what each part does.
What happens to the food after
you chew it? Let’s go on a
journey inside the body to find
out!
What do you think will
happen when you eat
sandwich?

Note: Let the student tell

the flow of food in the
digestive system.
Let’s watch this short
video.

https://
[Link]/
watch?v=_T_vmcLyTzI
Short Discussion about the
video:

Where does digestion begin?

What tube carries the food

from the mouth to the
stomach?
What happens to food in the
stomach?

What is the job of the small

intestine?

Where does waste go after the

large intestine?
Performance Task 1: "Build
Your Own Digestive System
Model"
Objective:
The learners will create a 3D
model of the human digestive
system, labeling each part and
explaining its function in simple
Instructions for
Learners:
1. Using materials such
as clay, cardboard, yarn,
recycled bottles, or paper
mache, create a 3D model
of the human digestive
Include and label ▪Large
the following major Intestine
parts: ▪Rectum
▪Mouth ▪Anus
▪Esophagus ▪Accessory
(Gullet)
organs: liver,
▪Stomach
pancreas,
▪Small Intestine
3. On small strips of paper or
cards, write the function of
each part and attach or place
near your model.
4. Be creative but accurate! You
may color or decorate your
model to make it visually clear
and informative.
Activity 1: Match Me!
Instructions: Match the part of the digestive system to its correct
function.
Why should we chew food well?

How can drinking water and

eating vegetables help our
digestion?

Connect with real life:

When you eat too fast, how do
you feel? Why is digestion
important to our health?
Let’s complete this sentence
together:

Each part of the digestive system has

a ____. They all work together to
_______.

Expected: Each part of the digestive

system has a job. They all work
together to break down food and
Instructions: Choose the letter of
the correct answer.

_______1. What is the job of the

mouth in digestion?
A. Absorb nutrients
B. Chew food and mix it with saliva
C. Push waste out
D. Store bile
_______2. What organ
connects the mouth to the
stomach?
A. Intestine
B. Liver
C. Esophagus
D. Gallbladder
_______3. Where are
nutrients absorbed?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Mouth
D. Large intestine
_______4. What is the main
job of the large intestine?
A. Absorb water and prepare
waste
B. Store food
C. Chew food
D. Make bile
_______5. Which organ
mixes food with acid to
break it down?
A. Small intestine
B. Mouth
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas
Answer
Key:
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. C
SCIENCE D
A
How the
Digestive Y
4
System Works
as 5a Whole
QUARTER 2 WEEK
1
Ask:

What are the

different parts of
digestive system?
Now that you’ve learned
what each part does,
today we will learn how
they all work as a team.
Let’s find out what
happens to the food you
eat—from bite to flush!
Activity 1: Guess What!

Instructions: Read the riddles and

write your answer in the blank.

_____________1. “I’m a stretchy

tube, food slides down me with
ease. I don't chew or digest—just
deliver, please!”
____________ 2. “I look small,
but I’m really long. I absorb
nutrients to make you
strong.”

_____________ 3. “I store food

like a squishy sack, Then
churn and break it with acid
_____________ 4. “I make
saliva, wet and slick, To start
digesting food real quick.”

_____________ 5. “I take the

leftovers, dry them out, Then
send them packing, there’s no
doubt!”
Sequence of digestion:

1. Mouth – chewing and

saliva begin digestion
2. Esophagus – moves food
to the stomach
3. Stomach – mixes and
breaks food down with acid
Sequence of
digestion:
4. Small intestine – absorbs
nutrients with help of
accessory organs
5. Large intestine – absorbs
water and forms waste
6. Rectum and anus –
release waste
Ask:

Why is the small intestine

important?

Do the parts of the

digestive system work
together?
The parts of the digestive system
work together in a coordinated
sequence to digest food and absorb
nutrients. Here's how they function
as a team:
1. Mouth – Digestion begins here.
The teeth chew the food to break it
into smaller pieces, and saliva
softens it and starts breaking down
2. Esophagus (Gullet) – After
swallowing, the food travels down
this muscular tube through a
wave-like movement called
peristalsis.
3. Stomach – The stomach churns
the food and mixes it with
digestive juices and acid. This
breaks the food down into a thick
liquid called chyme.
4. Small Intestine – This is where most
digestion and nutrient absorption
happens. It receives help from accessory
organs:
▪ Liver produces bile to break down fats.
▪ Gallbladder stores and releases bile.
▪ Pancreas produces enzymes to help
break down proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates.
5. Large Intestine – After
nutrients are absorbed, the
leftover waste goes to the large
intestine, where water is
absorbed and the remaining
material is formed into stool.
6. Rectum and Anus – The
rectum stores the stool until it is
ready to be released through the
Each part performs a vital
function, and if one part isn’t
working properly, the whole
system can be affected. This
teamwork ensures our bodies
get the nutrients and energy
needed to stay healthy.
Activity 2: Instructions: Read each
statement carefully. On your sheet
of paper, write True if the statement
is correct and False if it is not.

_______1. The mouth is the last part

of the digestive system.

_______2. The stomach helps break

down food using acids.
_______3. All parts of the digestive
system work alone and do not affect
each other.

_______4. Nutrients from food are

absorbed mainly in the small
intestine.

_______5. The digestive system

changes food into forms the body
can use.
Answer Key:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
How do you take
good care of your
digestive system?
The parts of the digestive
system work together like
a team. Each one has a
role, and they all help your
body stay strong by
getting nutrients from the
food you eat.
Instructions: Choose the correct
answer:

_______1. What is the first part of the

digestive system where digestion
starts?
A. Stomach
B. Esophagus
C. Mouth
D. Small intestine
_______2. What helps move
food from the mouth to the
stomach?
A. Liver
B. Large intestine
C. Gullet (Esophagus)
D. Anus
_______3. What part breaks
down food with acid?
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Large intestine
_______4. Which organ
absorbs most nutrients from
food?
A. Large intestine
B. Esophagus
C. Small intestine
D. Rectum
_______5. Why must all
digestive parts work properly?
A. To taste better
B. To keep food tasty
C. To get energy and nutrients
D. To chew faster
Answer Key:

1. C
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. C
SCIENCE D

COMPLETION OF A
Y
ALL TASKS 5
5
QUARTER 2 WEEK
1