POETRY

DEFINITION &
TYPES
Presented by Group 4
OUR TEAM

Nisa Nur Azizah (C1.21220017)

Olivia Apriliani Muslimah (C1.21220019)
Zahraniarni (C1.21220023)
Alfi Muhammad (C1.21220030)
Shofiyudin
OUR
MATERIALS
01 02 03
Definition & English Poetry Indonesian Poetry
Elements of Poetry Types of Poetry & Types of Poetry &
Examples Examples
DEFINITION
Poetry is a type of literature that relies on multiple
forms of figurative language to explore the topic's
various hidden meanings.
Poetry can be challenging to define because there are
so many different (and sometimes contradictory) rules
that exist for it.
Poetry can rhyme, follow a pattern, or break verses into
stanzas of a determined length.
ELEMENTS OF Example:

POETRY Two house hold,

both a like in
dignity
1. Rhythm
Rhythm is a literary device which
demonstrates the long and short
patterns through stressed and
unstressed syllables particularly in
verse form.
Example:
ELEMENTS OF Humpty Dumpty sat on the

POETRY
wall,
Humpty Dumpty had a great
fall.

2. Rhyme
Rhyme is a repetition of similar
sounding words occuring at the end
of lines in poems or songs.
ELEMENTS OF Example:

POETRY
breeze blew, foam flew,
furrow followed, silent sea

3. Alliteration
Alliteration derived from Latin’s
“Latira” means “Letters of
alphabet”.
It is a stylistic device in which a
number of words, having the same
first consonant sound, occur close
together in a series.
ELEMENTS OF Example:

POETRY A host, of golden daffodils

4. Assonance
Assonance takes place when two
or more words close to one
another repeat the same vowel
sound but start with different
consonant sounds
ELEMENTS OF
POETRY •
•
Couplet
Tercet
5. Stanzas • Quatrain
• Quintain
Stanza is a division of four or more
lines having a fixed length, meter or • Sestet
rhyming scheme.
In Traditional English poems they
have kinds of stanzas:
ELEMENTS OF Example:

POETRY
It seems she hangs upon the
cheek of the night, Like a rich
jewel in an Ethiope’s ear.
6. Imagery
Imagery means to use figurative
language to represent objects,
actions ideas in such a way that it
appeals to our physical senses.
ELEMENTS OF
POETRY
7. Diction
Diction can be defined as style of
speaking or writing determined by
the choice of words by a speaker
or a writer.
TYPES OF POETRY

Lyrics Narrative Dramatic Special Types

• Monologu • Haiku
• Sonnet • Epic
e • Cinquain
• Elegi • Ballad • Soliloquy • Limerick
• Ode • Social • Character • Name Poem
Sketch
• Oration
SONNET Sonnet 116
by William Shakespeare
The name sonnet derives
from Italian word Let me not to the marriage of true minds
“sonneto” which means Admit impediments.
little song. Love is not love which alters when it alteration
finds,
• It is a relatively short Or bends with the remover to remove:
poem consisting of O no! it is an ever-fixed mark
merely fourteen lines. That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
• It is known to follow a It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose
strict pattern of worth's unknown, although his height be
rhyme. taken. Love's not time's fool, though rosy lips
• The rhyme scheme in and cheeks Within his bending sickle's
English is usually compass come:
abab- cdcd-efef-gg. Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom
• Classified into If this be error and upon me proved,
Petrarchan, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
Shakespearean,
Spenserian and
ELEGY
Lycidas By John Milton

Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once

This is a lyric poem
more
which expresses
lament and Ye Myrtles brown, with Ivy never-sear,
mourning of the I com to pluck your Berries harsh and
dead, feeling of grief crude, And with forc'd fingers rude,
and melancholy. Shatter your leaves before the mellowing
year.
Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear,
Compels me to disturb your season due:
For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime.
ODE
Ode on a Grecian Urn
By John Keats

This is a poem of Thou still unravished bride of quietness,

nobling feeling, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,
expressed with
dignity and praises Sylvan historian, who canst thus express
for some persons, A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:
objects, events or What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy
ideas. shape
Of deities or mortals, or of both,
It is exalted in tone
and formal in In Tempe or the dales of Arcady?
structure and What men or gods are these? What maidens
content loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to
escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild
ecstasy?
EPIC Examples of epic poem:
Beowulf by Anonymous - This is an Old
English language heroic epic poem of
This is a long and anonymous authorship, dating as recorded in
narrative poem that the Nowell Codex manuscript from between
normally tells a story the 8th to the 11th century and relates
about a hero or an events described as having occurred in what
adventure. is now Denmark and Sweden.
Epics can be oral stories Metamorphoses by Ovid - This is a narrative
or can be poems in poem in fifteen books that describes the
written form. creation and history of the world.
The Odyssey by Homer - The poem is, in part,
a sequel to Homer's Iliad and mainly centers
on the Greek hero Odysseus and his long
journey home to Ithaca following the fall of
Troy.
BALLAD
The Mermaid by Unknown author

Oh the ocean waves may roll,

It also tell a story, like
epic poems however, And the stormy winds may blow,
ballad poetry is often While we poor sailors go skipping aloft
based on a legend or a And the land lubbers lay down below, below,
folk tale. below And the land lubbers lay down below.
• Most ballads are
written in four-six stanzas
and has a regular
rhythms and rhyme
schemes.

• A ballad often features

a refrain-a regular
repeated line or group of
lines.
One World

SOCIAL
by Honestly J.T.
Love is not a color,
No hue, neither a race.
• This is either purely comic or tragic All of our blood is the same,
and pictures the life of today. That runs deep within our veins.

• It may aim to bring changes in If we could lift up each other,

social conditions. And know that we all care.
If we help our sisters and brothers,
There's a bond that we'll share.
Porphyria’s Lover

MONOLOGU
by Robert Browning
That moment she was mine,

E
mine, fair,
• This is a combination of Perfectly pure and good: I found
drama and poetry. A thing to do, and all her hair
In one long yellow string I wound
• It presents some line or Three times her little throat
speech of single character in a around,
particular but complicated And strangled her. No pain felt
situation and sometimes in a she;
I am quite sure she felt no pain…
dilemma.
The “To Be or Not To Be” Speech, Hamlet,

SOLILOQU William Shakespeare (1609)

To be, or not to be, that is the question:
Y• The speaker of the Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
poem or the character And by opposing end them. To die – to sleep,
in a play delivers a No more; and by a sleep to say we end
passage. The heart-ache and the thousand natural
shocks
• The thoughts and That flesh is heir to: ’tis a consummation
emotions are heard by Devoutly to be wish’d. To die, to sleep;
To sleep, perchance to dream – ay, there’s
the author and the the rub…
audience as well.
She's always looking for the wrong
CHARACTE ones, Yet she keeps finding the
rights.
R SKETCH Getting caught off guard
When the wrong one comes by.
Stuck in a rusted hinge of love.
• This is a poem which the
writer is concerned less She's always surrounded by friends,
with the elements of story. But yet she feels like a green blade
in a field of brown
• He presents his
observations and She's different from the normal,
comments to a particular Yet she's the normal of the different.
individual. Getting caught off guard
When someone says she is normal.
Stuck in a two sided mind.
(Cheyenne Ashley)
ORATION "We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in
France,
This is a formal address we shall fight on the seas and oceans,
elevated in tone and we shall fight with growing confidence and
usually delivered on growing strength in the air, we shall defend
some notable occasion. our Island, whatever the cost may be,
we shall fight on the beaches,
Which aim is to we shall fight on the landing grounds,
influence the will of that we shall fight in the fields and in the streets,
hearer. we shall fight in the hills;
we shall never surrender..."
(Winston Churchill)
The best-known Japanese
HAIKU haiku is Bashō's "old pond":
• Special type of poetry which
originated from Japan. fu-ru-i-ke ya (5)
• It's the shortest type of poem ka-wa-zu to-bi-ko-mu (7)
and, often, the most difficult to
understand. mi-zu no o-to (5)
• It consists of three lines that
generally do not rhyme. The Translated:
lines should have five, seven,
and five syllables in them. old pond
a frog leaps in
water's sound
CINQUAIN Snow
by Adelaide Crapsey
An unrhymed poem consisting of Look up...
five lines arranged in a special From bleakening hills
way. Blows down the light, first breath
Of wintry wind...look up, and
• Follow a simple pattern of scent
syllables per line, starting and The snow!
ending with lines just two
syllables long.
• The lines in the middle have
more syllables, meaning the
poem looks a bit like a
diamond when written out.
To Miss Vera Beringer
LIMERICK by Lewis Carroll
There was a young lady of station
Most limericks are comedic,
some are downright crude, and "I love man" was her sole
exclamation
nearly all are trivial in nature.
But when men cried, "You flatter"
• Consist of a single stanza
She replied, "Oh! no matter
• Consist of exactly five lines
• AABBA Rhyme Scheme Isle of Man is the true
explanation.
Taylor
NAME POEM Taylor likes each sentiment to be
A special type of poetry Appropriate to its own time and
belong to descriptive poetry place.
that use an adjective to Years may roll like waves across her
describe a person that begins shore,
with each letter of that Leaving none of what there was
person's name. before, Obliterating every sign of
grace.
Reason not, says Taylor, with the
sea!
TYPES OF POETRY
in Indonesia

Puisi Lama Puisi Baru

• Mantra • Ballad
• Pantun • Ode
• Carmina • Romance
• Seloka • Satire
• Gurindam • Elegy
• Hymne
• Syair
• Talibun
Characteristic :

PUISI 1. The figures of speech

tend to be cliches or
LAMA
The 'old poetry' refers to the rich literary
literature that developed in the 1930s
and under. In ancient poetry, language
static
2. Generally comes
structures are still bound by strict rules, from oral literature that
such as rhyme. The same is true of the is passed on from one
body of odes, the number of verses and individual to the other
lines to follow the already existing 3. Poetry writers tend
conventions.
to be unknown or
commonly referred to in
anonymous terms
4. Caught up in the
multitude of rhyme,
rhythm, lines, and
intonation or sound of
the poem itself
MANTRA
Mantra is a speech spoken with a strict rhyme. Example of Sundanese mantra:
Such a sound arrangement does not necessarily
presuppose any meaning.
A mythic spell has occult powers, this type of Jampé Budak Harééng
poetry is used as literature to treat the sick or
condemn someone. Jampé-jampé kararas
Characteristics:
Geura gedé geura waras
• Forehead has a rhythm a-b-c-a-b-c, a-b-c-d-c- Hirup ka gustina
d, a-b-c-d-d, a-b-c-d-e a-b-c-d-e
• Oral transmission. Waras ku Allahna
• Believed to have magical or magical powers
• Rhythms are recurring Rep sirep
• Metaphor
• Synonyms are esophageal (special language Tiis peuting
between speaker and speaker) Genah ti beurang
• Mysterious
• Simple than other old poems in syllables,
lines, and verses
PANTUN
Pantun is a type of poem that has a fixed
shape and pattern. It was four lines for each Example:
temple.
Ada pepaya ada mentimun
• Each row is a one -b-a-b. (a)
• Each of these rows consists of 8-12 Ada mangga ada salak (b)
syllables. Daripada duduk melamun
• On the first 2 rows called sampans, while (a)
on the last 2 rows is content. Lebih baik membaca sajak
• In the distich, the next two lines are (b)
called contents.
• This type of poetry is divided into
nursery rhymes, teenagers, religions,
riddles, and jokes.
CARMINA
Carmina may also be referred to as a
faster pantun because it is about the
same as pantun, but it is shorter. Karmina
only has two lines and a rhyme. The first Example:
line is called seam, and the second line is
called with content. Buah matoa sulit
didapat
Characteristics: Sudah tua belum juga
• Rhyme a-a a-a, a-b tobat
• The legend tells of a hero.
• Seduction is a contradiction in two
ways: seduction and command
SELOKA
Seloka is a poem with an a-a-a
pattern that has a sideline and a Example:
side. But the rest of it was similar
to a pantun. Candu dibungkus kain palas
Makan dia mata bilas
Mandi segan kerja malas
Harta orang hendak digalas
GURINDA Example:

M
Gurindam is a type of poem that
consists of two lines of e-e-s each.
The content of gurindam is advice or
Pikir dahulu sebelum berkata
Supaya terelak silang sengketa
Apabila anak tak dilatih
advice.
Jikalau besar bapaknya letih
Kurang pikir kurang siasat
Tentu dirimu kelak tersesat
Pekerjaan marah jangan dibela
Nanti hilang akal di kepala
Tanda orang yang amat celaka
Aib dirinya tiada disangka
SYAIR
Example:
Ilmu didapat tiada cepat
Mesti sabar hatinya kuat
Syair is a type of poem with the feature of Moga Tuhan berikan
each stanze-a line. A verse's content is rahmat
advice or a story of merit. Maka jaga hati serta niat
Belajar haruslah
semangat
Rajin tekun serta giat
Agar ilmu mudah didapat
Masa depan semakin
dekat
TALIBUN
The talibun represents a distich in each
Example:
Kalau anak pergi ke pekan
temple, consisting of a number of even (a)
lines, such as 6.8, or 10.
Yu beli belanak pun beli
Characteristics: sampiran (b)
• The number of rows must be more Ikan panjang beli dahulu
than 4 rows and even, for example 6, (c)
8, or 10 lines in each temple.
• If one verse consists of six lines, then Kalau anak pergi berjalan
the first three lines are covered and (a)
the last three are filled.
• In as much as one verse consisted of Ibu cari sanak pun cari isi
six lines, the verse was a-b-c-a-b-c (b)
• Whereas one verse had eight lines,
the poem was a-b-c-d-a-b-c-d Induk semang cari dahulu
(c)
PUISI BARU Characteristics of modern poetry

New poetry (modern poetry) was 1. Use more rhyme patterns or poetry.
born from the limitations of the 2. Generally tells about life events.
rules that applied in old poetry.
The emergence of new poetry is 3. The name of the author of the poem is
also a sign of literary listed.
modernization in Indonesia itself. 4. Has syntactic units or gatra.
New poetry does not enforce or 5. Not bound by rhyme, rhythm and lines.
be bound by the rules of poetry
so strictly. Simply put, new poetry 6. Gatra in poetry consists of 4 to 5
is free poetry. He is not bound by syllables.
the number of lines, stanzas, or 7. The language style in new poetry is
even rhymes. dynamic so it will change.
8. Generally in the form of four strands.
9. Tends to be symmetrical and has a neat
shape.
BALADA Derita Anak Bangsa
Balada is a poem that tells a Karya: Ainun Qalbi S.R
story about super powerful
individuals, or those who
hold a significant position in Ia mengayuh sepedanya
society, such as notable Ia mengayuh semangatnya
figures or important people. Menjual koran di pagi hari
Ballads are a new type of Panasnya matahari, dinginnya hujan
poetry that still maintains Tak ia rasakan Ia sampai putus sekolah
connections with old poetry Cita-cita tak lagi ia gantungkan
in terms of form.
Hanya ada satu kewajiban
Generally, a ballad consists Menjual koran, mencari makan
of 3 stanzas, each containing
8 lines.
ODE Karya: Chen Mardiayanto

Ode is one of the new types of

poetry aimed at honoring Lenganmu yang rapuh
someone for their deeds. The Masih saja gigih menepis gerimis
content of an ode leans
Yang menyapu wajah kelabumu
towards admiration and praise
with a formal language. Sedang aku cuma bisa
Terpaku menggigil
Menyaksikan dan mencoba meraba
Perih yang kau derita
ROMANC Cinta di Penghujung Senja
E
Romance is the most widely
known new type of poetry.
Romance presents poetic
Karya Aksara Luka

words about love, often Kehadiran dirimu memberi banyak warna.

narrating romantic love Terlihat anggun dan indah, kala dipandang
stories, or sometimes membuat mata ini tak dapat berpaling.
expressing deep longing
Namun sangat disayangkan
hadirnya dirimu tidaklah lama.
Dirimu hadir hanya untuk melukis
kisah di penghujung senjaku.
Tidak untuk melukis cerita di dalam
setiap waktuku.
SATIRE
Jangan Ganggu Kesetiaanku
Oleh: Iringan Bayu Senja

Satire is a new type of Jangan hunuskan senyum manismu

untukku..
poetry that is currently Sebab kutahu itu hanya bernilai semu..
being written and read Jangan hujamkan lirikan mata elangmu
extensively. Satirical poems padaku..
Sebab ku tau itu juga bernilai palsu..
typically contain satire, Jangan pula kau lebarkan tawamu untukku..
criticism, or even mockery, Sebab kutahu itu juga hanya basa basimu..
sometimes with humorous Jangan kau tawarkan apapun padaku..
Sebab itu hanya kan sakiti orang
language and sometimes terkasihmu..
with metaphors. Sedang aku, jikapun yang kau tawarkan
berasal dari hatimu.
Maka tetap saja aku tak akan mau..
Aku menjadikan kehidupan kasihku atas
dirimu..
Berlalulah dan biarkan peradaban waktu..
Menjawab semua maumu..
Hampa
ELEG Oleh: Chairil Anwar

This newYtype of poetry usually Sepi di luar. Sepi menekan mendesak.

deals with lamentation and Lurus kaku pohonan. Tak bergerak.
contemplation of death events. Sampai ke puncak. Sepi memagut.
However, elegy sometimes also Tak satu kuasa melepas renggut.
portrays profound feelings of
Segala menanti. Menanti. Menanti sep
loss.
Tambah ini menanti jadi mencekik.
Memberat mencekung punda.
Sampai binasa segala. Belum apa-apa
Udara bertuba. Setan bertempik.
Ini sepi terus ada. Dan menanti.
HYMN
Benderaku
oleh Satria Saputra
Berkibarlah bendera negeriku...
Hymn is a new type of poetry Berkibarlah diangkasa luas...
that actually overlaps with ode. Menembus awan...
Poems in hymns contain Menembus awan...
worship, praise, and homage to Sekalipun ada yang berani
the homeland, country, heroes, menurunkan engkau...
and even God. Wahai benderaku yang mulia...
Akan kuperjuangkan engkau dan
mengibarkan engkau diujung
tiang tertinggi di negara ini...
Sekalipun ada yang mengoyak
badan agungmu wahai
benderaku...
Akan kuhancurkan dia sampai
hancur lebur...
THANK YOU !