Attachment: young to older Bonding: btw 同等地位人 or
-process of having relationships older to younger
-importance:
Hypothalamus: control center Denial Phase 2?
Angry: hypo to amygdala Age 2-3:
–Amygdala: fight v. flight(survival response)
(automatic response )
Right preorbital cortex Sigmund Freud
Phase three: Rio relationship
(R RFC): your wise mind & -can alter ur cortex
1st yr of life: parents response to child in distress-
impact child (Critical!) Psychoanalytic Theory
-opportunities to change
Survival &
Distress come up-parent’s response impact child self-
sooth ability
eg. Child (under stress)=>crying
-if no care: go into silence
-if response: to rest and go into cycles
Care or not lead to the formation of attachment
all about love – bell
Freud hooks
-accountability
-attachment
• Repetition compulsion
– Repeat problems
– Part of us when sth didn’t work out want to do it again to resolve it (def of
insanity tho )
– Have a type? Talk abt it later
– d
• Remember the bad things – keep ppl alive
– In conflict
• Self Esteem: not a thing – it is an action : healthy self-esteem
– High self-esteem: fail and pick urself up
– Low self-esteem: aware to beat urself up
• Remind urself 1-2 positive things at night
Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic theories
(1) Emphasis on early experiences
(2) Conscious & unconscious parts of the mind
(3) “Drive” theory (instinct – sex & aggression)
(4) Personality development is primarily unconscious (beyond
awareness) and heavily influenced by emotions
(5) Personality is better understood from a developmental
perspective
(6) Family relationships - vital part of development of one’s
personality
(7) Conflict with social world
(8) Erikson and others theorize that change takes place in
adulthood as well
• (1)kid had life
– Shame, not belong, origin in young age
– Dream: normal distribution, 有人记得有人不记得
– Empathy: 颜色在各人眼中一致因为 empathy
• (2)Conscious: Dream
• (3) Fantasy(small-fantasy of tmr) and
Phantasy(big fantasy that drive ppl)
– Drive: freud tried to explain it by neuro
– Sex & aggression
• (4)
Sept 12
• Conflict theory and drive theory()
• Get triggered – unconscious
– Early morning
– Self-psychology – an essential part of self that stays the same even with development (constant
changing) – understand self thro dfnt phrase
• Narrower scope (Family)
– Most ppl combine same and opposite aspect of their parents
– family: vital
– Don’t induce guilt.
• Psychosocial (7. 8 )
– Conflict with social world
– Freud believe first 12 yrs are most important (deve end in adolescent )
– Erikson, others, conflict with others and outer world also! (not only within oneself )
• Life span
– j
• Conflict theory
– Eg. Jealousy:
• Number 2 feels like #2 (sadder but wiser)
– Enjoy the suffering of others (the id/the unconscious)
– Transferring: brand spanking – Freud: method of treatment
• Put sth unresolved into a new situation
• Insular (bio part): Gerbert & Peterson etc
– Write important personal event and mold them into a new situation(into neutral story); put the participant into MRI
and see their insular activity when they heard the personal story
Sigmund Freud
(1856 – 1939)
(1) 1895 – Topographical
(2) 1911 – Fantasy & Instinct
(3) 1923 – Structural Period
(Period of Revision)*
(4) 1937 – Object Relations
• Freud changes theories
• Days residue (dream about distortion version of the daily life)
– Longer memory ( 左下 ) 第三人称 (memory of a memory)
– short term memory ( 右上 ) 第一人称镜头
– Psychological)
– Freud Thesis: deeper unconscious
• Notice illogical behavior
• Trigger:
• Accidents and Error
• Parapraxis: normal daily psychosis?
– “neurosis”
– Sth go wrong and may since accidental and actually have explanation
– He believes that theres a explaination
» ”Normal” – Neurosis – Psychosis
» Psychotic, lucid thinking
» Neurotic: find the dark side of anything
• Neurotic: Freud(want to be neurologist – learn hypnosis, Charcot [want to convince
ppl])
• Start talking therapy - psychosomatic anxiety
• Anna O(coughing condition when talked about family/ sister; symptom cover the
sister’s memory[PTSD]); Elizabeth Vanar
– j
• d
1895 – Topographical Period
It’s a dynamic system
(changing) Intrusive thought
Psychic Determinism
-everything within Conscious is small
Reading is sequential
thing, therefore in Preconscious: barrier btw
dream we cant read conscious and
(elaborate?) unconscious, Memory
Lucid dream - Steven system: to protect ppl
l'laberge from the burden of full
-afraid of sth, in memory
dream and ask abt the Resistance
monster a question Adaptation: used to the
horrible thing
Stimulus response-
preconscious
Repression: too fearful and repress to the
Looking down
unconscious, still there
unconscious is to facing
Kids forget things to help them survive
fear
Adults forget abt something, problematic
• Denial: unconscious negotiation
• Denial vs Lying
• Denial is healthy when u r kids
• Not healthy later
• Trauma – repression – dream
• Censor: brain avoid painful things (Defense
Mechanism)
• Held the feeling but repress the memory
• Dissociate memory
Traumatic
A: Feeling
I: Thinking Injury-Cure Model
2 Types
The Body Keeps the
1. Repress Feeling
Score – Bessel van der
and talk w/ no
Kolk
emotion
2. Overwhelmed
Freud:
talk about the event
repeatly
Teach them to feel
safe in their own
Scar tissue
• Seduction Theory: why ppl do thing
– First. After structuralism, functionism
• Freud thought kids do not depress
• Sexual abuse and repressed memory: the
reason of hysteria
Interpretation of Dreams
Representatives
-Direct expression
(1899) Bullyin is the result of
trauma
-Indirect expression
unclear
1911 – Fantasy & Instinct Period
Back to be more bio and genetic
• Libido
Psychological fuel that drives the brain
• Instincts Ppl’s instinct
-Life (Eros) – Sex
Trauma: -Death (Thanatos) – Aggression
Seduction Fight or flight
theory
• Cathexis,
C: process (motivation)-inner psychicDecathexis,
energy & Abreaction
Release energy in a clinical
Dc: Cathesis:Release energy setting
• “Mourning & Melanchoia” (1915
but published 1917)
• Paranoia: the world is coming to get u
– Reason: u r angry at the world but u don’t accept it, so you think the world is angry at u (alike to Projection)
• ’unfinished’ business
• SIGECAPSH
– Sleep up or down
– Interests in things down
– Guilt goes up
– Energy down
– Energy down
– Appetite down
– Irritatable or anger in male
– Suicidal homicidal thoughts
– Five or more
• Mourning & Melanchoia
– Mourning is normal
– Tho mourning can develop into melancholia
Cathexis: release energy – if you have a support system, then u may not need therapy, bc u are releasing energy
The things u delay u become them.
Treatment Phases
(Greenson, 1965)
• Confrontation
• Clarification
• Interpretation
• Working Through
• Psychoanalysis
– The therapist doesn’t say anything and the back facing the patient (waiting for
transferring [of the patient’s personal thinking])
– Confrontation
• Clarification: get information
• Interpretation: past and present, this end up happening
– Acknowledge their experience/perception
• Working through: hardest past
– Same conversation over and over again until the patient realize what they
should do
– & the therapist support them
– Deep cathexis
TO THE STAGE OF STRUCTURAL PERIOD & ERIK ERIKSON
Erik Erikson
• Ego psychologist ( believe in inherent strength of people)
• Importance of social world in the development of the individual
• Life span development (extended Freud’s psychosexual theory)
– Psychosocial
• Conflicts at different phases of life
– Eight stages
• Gives us an “ego strength” or “ego ideal” to deal with later phases
– Repetition compulsion
• Issues, pattern of behavior
• Both agree) Fixation, Regression, Repetition Compulsion
– Fixation: stuck at the problem
– Regression: go back to the issue and to the stage, and try to fix it
• Good regression:
– Get back to your old high school friends
• Bad regression:
– Have a toxic type
– d
• Agreement with concept of Mastery
Psychosexual/Psychosocial
Development Child: only get fearful
anxiety into family
loyalty issue
Kids will adopts traits
Freud – Structural (1923) Erikson that they identified
• Oral (birth – 1.5) (Id & Ego) • Trust vs. Mistrust (birth – 1.5)*
– Born with the id! – Need of consistency
well from the parents
• Id: part of u seeks pleasure • If given consistent love, the baby developed a sense of
• Anal (1.5 – 3.5) trust (or mistrust)
– Toilet training (behaviorism)-reinforce • Let ppl earn ur trust
• Pay attention to whats goin on
– Society that keeps us in check
• Phallic (4-6) (Superego) • Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (1.5-3.5)
– The kid may be sexualized – Autonomy: I can do it myself
– Electra complex not true • “no.”
• Penus envy – Fault – Shaming, making the kid doubt
• Moral weaker if they cant identify w/ the same gender – Kids learn what you shown
– Oedipus complex • Initiative vs. Guilt (4-6)
• Little hans
– Behavioral corrected feeling: guilt
• Takes on the morale of father
– Do sth good for themselves, & feel guilt
– Angel & demon on ur shoulder
• Issue
– Id: demon
– Indoctrination & socialization
– Reality: ego
– Angel: superego • Industry vs. Inferiority (7-11)
• Morality • Identity vs. Role Confusion/Diffusion (moratorium) (12+)
• Latency (7-11) • Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adult)
• Genital (12+) • Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorption (middle
adult)
*beyond these stages, Freud • Integrity vs. Despair (late stage adult)
believed in Fixation, Regression,
Repetition Compulsion, &
Mastery
Frank Kelly: Offer Masterson
1. Child sees themselves as Child, 1> Normal vs
adults are authority -anger toward your parents
2. Adolescence put child and adult -repair relationships
identity away and think about it 2> Vulnerable kids: gets help and get better
3. Adult: take back childhood, take 3>Conduct disorder: to personality disorder-
back in the adult: identify as an attempt Suicide or homicide
adult -antisocial
Freud Erikson
• Industry vs. Inferiority (7-11)
– Various intelligence
• Latency (7-11) – Get rank
– Hidden, repressed (focus toward – Productive
rio world) • Identity vs. Role Confusion/Diffusion (moratorium)
(12+)
– Formal schooling – A time out
– Kids think about identity
– Neutral period
• Intimacy vs. Isolation (early adult)
• Genital (12+) – Thought
– Feeling
– Anything unresolved will appear – Sexuality etc
– (Fixation, Repression, etc ) – You are complete, love is not a feeling
• Generativity vs. Stagnation/Self-Absorption (middle
– Identity adult)
– Career in the world that is meaningful
• Giving something back to the society
Male: 19 – Average career change: 7 in this generation
• Integrity vs. Despair (late stage adult)
Female: mid 20 – It is worthy? Regret.
– Integrity: wisdom
1937 – Object Relations
• Period of summary
• Ideas resulted in contemporary psychoanalysis
(Hartmann – extended Freud’s theory during
this period)
• Writes outline of Psychoanalysis (“Analysis
Terminable & Interminable”)
• Dies 1939
Object Relations Units
person Environment??
Freud’s Influence on Contemporary
Psychodynamic Approaches
• Ego Psychology – Ego strength (strengths & weaknesses)
• Object Relations – Relationship “templates” & corrective
emotional experiences; how we move from self –centered to
other-centered
• Self Psychology – relationship with parents and what children
need
• Neo-Freudians (Different approaches but share some elements
with Freud)
Treatment
• Classical
-transference based
-unresolved issues (unconscious conflicts)
-”blank screen”
- typically long-term with several sessions per week
• Contemporary
-attending to interaction (counter-transference)
-relationships as models
-interactional (corrective emotional experiences esp. Kohut)
*Both share in common – insight oriented
Criticism
(1) Difficult to test scientifically
(2) Self report data (of one’s earlier recollections)
may not be accurate
(3) Too much emphasis on sexual underpinnings
(4) Unconscious may be given too much credit
(5) Image of humans is too negative
(6) Culture and gender-biased
Summary
(1) Theory of human nature
(2) Method of treatment
(3) Method of study
*Controversies
