Integumentary System
BY-MANSI GADGE
integumentary system
• Your integumentary system is your body’s outer
layer.
• It consists of your skin, hair, nails and glands.
• These organs and structures are your first line of
defense against bacteria and help protect you
from injury and sunlight.
• Your integumentary system works with other
systems in your body to keep it in balance.
What is the integumentary system?
• Your integumentary system is your body’s outer layer.
• It’s made up of your skin, nails, hair and the glands and
nerves on your skin.
• Your integumentary system acts as a physical barrier —
protecting your body from bacteria, infection, injury and
sunlight.
• It also helps regulate your body temperature and allows
you to feel skin sensations like hot and cold.
What makes up the integumentary system?
• Your integumentary system is an organ that consists of
a few main structures:
• skin,
• nails,
• hair and glands, along with the nerves and blood
vessels that support them.
Skin
• Your skin is the largest and heaviest organ in your
body.
• It weighs about six pounds (2.75 kg or more) and is
approximately 2 millimeters thick
• thinner on sensitive areas like eyelids, and thicker on
surfaces that take more stress, like the soles of your
feet.
• One inch of your skin contains nearly 19 million cells.
Your skin is composed of three layers, with nerves
that recognize different sensations in each layer:
• Epidermis:
• The top layer of your skin.
• This is the part of your skin that you can see and touch.
• It’s made up of three types of cells: melanocytes, keratinocytes and
Langerhans.
• It gives your skin its color and provides a waterproof barrier.
• Dermis:
• The middle layer of your skin.
• This layer is the thickest.
• It contains sweat and oil glands and hair follicles.
• Hypodermis:
• The bottom layer of your skin.
• It’s the fatty layer of your skin that helps insulate your body (protect
from heat, cold, or noise.)
Nails
• Your nails protect the ends of your fingers and toes. The
anatomy of your nail consists of:
• Nail plate: The hard part of your nail you can see.
• Nail bed: The skin under your nail plate.
• Cuticle: The thin skin at the base of your nail plate.
• Matrix: The “root” of your nail responsible for making it
grow.
• Lunula: The white, moon-shaped part of your nail plate.
Hair
• Our hair does more than help us look nice.
• The hair on your head helps keep heat in your body.
• Your eyelashes and eyebrows help protect your eyes from dirt and
water.
• Your hair is made of a protein called keratin.
• Your hair consists of three parts: the shaft, follicle and bulb.
• Hair shaft: The part of your hair you can see, touch and style.
• Hair follicle: The tube-like structure that keeps your hair in your skin.
• Hair bulb: Located under your skin and responsible for hair growth.
• Goosebumps are caused by your integumentary system. We all have
hair erector muscles connected to our hair follicles and skin. When it
contracts, it makes your hair stand up. The “goosebumps” are what we
see when these tiny muscles contract.
Glands
• Glands are found throughout your skin.
• They release materials like water, salt or oil from under
your skin to the surface of your skin.
• Your integumentary system consists of the following
glands:
• Sudoriferous glands:
• These are the glands that secrete sweat through your skin.
• There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine glands and
apocrine glands.
• Eccrine glands are all over your body and open to your
pores, while apocrine glands open into your hair follicles.
• Sebaceous glands: These glands produce sebum (oil)
and give your face its oil.
• Ceruminous glands: These are the glands in your ear that
secrete ear wax.
• Mammary glands: These are the glands on a person’s
chest. In people assigned female at birth mammary glands
produce milk after giving birth.
What is the purpose of the integumentary
system?
• our integumentary system has many important functions. It:
Provides physical protection against bacteria and germs.
Absorbs and helps heal abrasions, cuts and other injuries.
Cushions and protects your body from infection.
Protects you from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays and sunburn.
Excretes sebum, sweat and other waste from your body.
Regulates your body temperature and allows you to stay
cool.
Helps you feel heat, cold and detect other sensations.
Synthesizes vitamin D.
What are common conditions or disorders of the
integumentary system?
• Skin disorders
• Some of the most common skin disorders are:
Allergies like contact dermatitis and poison ivy rashes.
Blisters from trauma.
Bug bites, such as spider bites, tick bites and mosquito bites.
Skin cancer, including melanoma.
Skin infections like cellulitis.
Skin rashes and dry skin.
Skin disorders like acne, eczema, psoriasis and vitiligo.
Skin lesions like moles, freckles and skin tags.
Wounds, burns (including sunburns) and scars.
HOME WORK!!!!!
• 1- Find out any 10 Hair disease and there symptoms
